this is the ppt of soil sample collection and the tool used in soil sample collection a good ppt for reference for BSc Agri students. the introductions, soil sampling different objective, factore to be considered while sampling, types of soil sampler and samples, procedures of soil sampling, preparation of soil sampling, and precaution taken are the contents used in the ppt.

2. Rai technology university
Moduel1-soil,plant ,water & seed
testing(REY-409)
Topics :Collection & preparation of soil samples
SUBMITTED BY-DIVIJA-17139
SUBMITTED TO-DR.PRASHANTH G.M
DEPT OF SOIL SCIENCE.

3. Contents:
• Introduction
• Soil sampling
• Soil sampling with different objectives
• Factors considered while sampling
• Sampling material & tool
• Type of soil sampler
• Types of soil samples
• Procedure of soil sampling
• Preparation of soil sample
• Precaution taken

4. SOIL SAMPLING INTRODUCTION
• The soil sampling technique is to obtain soil sample which is a true
representative sample of area .
• It is commonly refers to the analysis of soil sample to determine nutrient
content, composition,& other characteristics such as the acidity or pᴴ level.
• soil is heterogeneous body where it is minimized by making division of
vast land into different soil units based on topography, soil colour, soil
texture, fertility status,& management practice.
• Collection of representative sample is most important in an effective soil
testing programme as the entire analysis & recommendation depends on
sample collected unless care is taken in collected sample
• The soil sampling error are greater than the analytical error. hence care
should be taken while collecting the representative sample.

5. Soil are highly heterogenous,hence soil has to
be analyzed for various properties so that
amount of fertilizer or amendments can be
recommended to increase crop production.
The test to entire field is not possible the
different samples are collected from the field.

6. Friedrich albert fallou
• He was the german founder of
modern soil science &
introduced the term pedology.
• In his book “ first principles of
soil science”& “general & special
soil science” he developed his
collected field observation of
soil into systematic approach
• He explained why soil formation
worthy of study & appealed for
recognition of soil science as
other discipline.

7. soil samples for different objectives
a)For study of soil genesis-sampling done horizon wise from profile
b)For studying soil fertility-sampling done from the plough layer (0-6cm)
For immobile elements-15 cm depth, for mobile elements-60 cm depth
C)For shallow rooted crop- sample from the plough layer. But for perennial crop- 2 sample
at two depths(upto 30 cm).
For field crop-(upto 15cm)
For deep rooted& horticultural crop- sample from different depth is desired(upto 60cm).

8. Factors considered while sampling:

10. Types of soil samples:
• Non representative :samples are those in which
neither the in-situ soil structure, moisture
content nor the soil particles are preserved they
are not representative
 They cannot be used for tests as soil particles
either gets mixed up or some particles may be
lost.
 Samples obtained through wash boring or
percussion drilling are the example of non
representative samples.

11. • Representative sampling:
1. Disturbed sampling: structure of soil has been changed
sufficiently that tests of structural properties of the soil
will not be representative of in-situ condition, & only
properties of soil grains can be accurately determined.
Ex-sample obtain through auguring, grab, split spoon etc...
2. Undisturbed sampling: where the condition of sample is
close enough to condition of soil in-situ to allow tests of
structural properties of soil to be used to approximate the
properties of soil in-situ.
Ex-sample obtain by shelby tube, piston sampler, vaccum,
freezing etc…
 Used for consolidation, permeability or shear strengths test
(engineering properties)

12. 3. Random sampling: uniform fields can be
randomly sampled through entire field to see
long term trends in soil nutrient data, the points
should be geo referenced with GPS receiver&
sampled in these same location in subsequent
years.
4. Grid sampling:
a)Grid-cell soil sampling: randomly collects either
one or multiple subsample throughout the cell for a
composite sample.
b)Grid point soil sampling: collects one or multiple
subsamples around geo referenced point within a
gird or at a grid intersection.

13. 5. Zone sampling : it is sampling technique each
field contains different soils with unique soil
properties, characteristics therefore it should be
separated into unique zones of management&
sample collected in different zone.
6. Topographic/geographic unit sampling : fields
vary in natural features such as elevation,
hilltops, slopes. this technique assumes these
features differ in soil characteristics & therefore
uses these features to establish unique zones.
2 basic types-
a)area based sampling b)point based sampling

14. Sampling materials:
• Bucket
• Scale
• polythene bag
• Cloth bags
• Polythene sheet
• Labels
• Information sheet

15. Sampling tools:
depending upon the soil condition & the amount of sample required,
a suitable tool can be chosen from the following
1)Augers-
a)Screw auger: fine
textured soil, when soil is
moist
b)Post hole auger: large
quantity of sample can be
collected even in dry
condition. It can be used
in coarse textured soils.

16. C)Tube auger:
for puddle paddy / water
logged soils. From this
equal amount of sample
can be collected from all
the spots

17. Auger equipment's:
• One piece soil sampler: they have a T-handle & steel
construction that allows penetration into sampling
tougher soil.
• Quick connect auger adapter: is required to connect
auger & older model extension with threaded
connections to quick connect components.
• Quick connect pins: are required for connecting augers
& extension in quick connect configuration.
• Handles & extensions: connect to auger & help achive
greater depth penetration into soil. Handle have a t-
design to help easily guide the extension deeper.

19. 2)Core sampler:
Sample can be collected
without disturbing the soil
& used to measure volume
collected & bulk density of
the soil.
3)Other tools: pickaxe,
spade , showel, khurpi(soft
& moist soil)

20. Types of soil samplers
• Split spoon sampler
• Scraper bucket sampler
• Shelby tubes & thin walled sampler
• Piston sampler
• Rotatory sampler

21. Shelbytube & thin wall
sampler
• The sampler having diameter
of 50.8mm or 76.2mm are
commonly used.
• It is used for obtaining
undisturbed sample of clay &
also for exploration in
cohessionless soil below water
table.
• Sampler tube attached to
drilling rod & tube pushed
rapidly without twist& tube
turned at 360degree & sample
is taken.
Scraper bucket sampler
• When soil deposit are sand
mixed with pebbles&
difficult to obtain sample
through split spoon sampler
scraper bucket is used &
disturbed sample obtained.
• Sampler driven down into
soil & rotated,& scraping
from side sample fall into
bucket

24. Split spoon sampler
• It is used to obtain disturb
sample
• It contain 3 types: 1)steel
tube-75mm 2)steel tube-
450mm split longitudinally in 2
halves 3)150mm coupling at
top of tube
• The holes are bored to desired
depth then sampler is
attached to drilling rod&
lowered to the bottom of bore
hole& repeat blows of
hammer & then with draw the
sample.
Piston sampler
• It is used to obtain good
undisturbed sample.
• It has 2 parts sampler
cylinder, piston cylinder
• While tube lowered to
bottom of drill hole piston
rod & piston held at bottom
this prevent rapid squeezing
of soft soil into tube.

29. Collect sample of equal depth of
equal quantity from each spot
Place sample on plastic sheet& mix
by discarding stones,etc.
Apply quartering technique collect
sample in polythene bag obtain
required quantity
Divide field into sampling area
(uniform sample)
Fix sampling spot(15-20)at random
in zig-zag pattern
Scrap surface litter, stones cut open
in v shape take slide of both sides

31. Fill the information sheet:
1. Name of the farmer:
2. Village:
3. Taluk:
4. District:
5. Area & location:
6. Survey no:
7. Date of sampling:
8. Area(in acres):
9. Slope : level/undulating
10. Depth of sampling :
0-15/15-30
11.) Elevation: upland/low
land
12.) Irrigation & their source:
irrigated/rainfed
13.)Soil type: coarse or heavy,
water logged or salt affected
14.)Drainage:good /poor
15.)Crops to be grown:
16.) Crop growth:
good/poor/average
17.)Sample no:
18.)Label no:

32. Preparation of soil sample:
Air drying
Grinding
& sieving
Mixing &
storage
• Air dry the sample in
shade for 4-5 days
• Then sample is powdered
by pounding with wooden
pestle & mortar & sieve
sample with 2mm sieve
repeatedly crush & pass
the whole of soil sample
in sieve.
• Mix well & store in
suitable bottle with
proper coding & labelling.

33. Precautions taken:
• Avoid collecting sample near bunds, near roads, near fym/compost pits,
below the trees, near buildings, near nalas/streams/ponds/wet spots,
irrigation canals & drainage lines & other unrepresentative spots.
• Do not collect soil sample immediately after application of fertilizer,
manuers & amendments there should be minimum 3 months gap after
application of fertilizers, manures & amendments.
• If soil sample for analysis of micronutrients, avoid tools made of iron,
copper, brass. Use only stainless steel, wooden, aluminium & plastic tools.
• If soil sample is moist, dry it under shade before sending to lab & avoid
drying near chemical godowns.
• All sampling tool & storage bags should be perfectly clean to avoid
contamination.
• In micronutrient analysis metal sieves should not be used. Plastic or nylon
sieve are preferred.

34. Reference:
• Soil sample collection –SAC manual
• Methods of soil, plant, & water analysis manual
• http://www.slideshare.net/Ranahassan19/soil-
sampling-70624750?from_m_app=anroid
• http://www.globalgilson.com/soil-sampling-
equipment
• http://www.slideshare.net/mobile/prajaktalade1
/types-of-soil sample-and-samplers
• https://www.cicilblog.org/2016/02/10/how-to-
classify-soil-samples-based-on-sampling-
method//