The document discusses the concept of social stratification, including definitions, dimensions, theories, and comparisons. It defines social stratification as the division of society into hierarchical groups linked by relationships of superiority and subordination. The key dimensions are wealth, power, and prestige. Theories discussed include functionalist theory, which views stratification as necessary for society to function properly by rewarding important positions, and Marxist conflict theory, which views stratification as determined by economic class relations and inherently opposed interests between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. The document also discusses the differences between social classes and castes.

1. Socio Economic Stratification Welcome Class BBA-L05- / /

2. Today’s Objectives To Clarify the Concept of Social Stratification and Discus its other relevant aspects. To Discus Related Theories and Consequences of Social Stratification.

3. Definitions of Social Stratification What is Social Stratification? “ Social Stratification is the division of society in permanent groups or categories linked with each other by the relationship of superior and subordination.” (Gisbert) “ Stratification is a Horizontal division of society into higher and lower social units.” (Raymond W.Murray)

4. Conclusion of definition S ocial stratification is “ the division of society levels, steps or positions.” S tratification is, in essence, the structured inequality of entire categories of People.” S tratification is different than mere inequality, which refer to the uneven distribution of opportunities and rewards to individuals and groups.” W hen these inequalities becomes structured into society and passed on from generation to generation, we have social Stratification.”

5. Dimensions of Social Stratification Wealth:- T he economic assets of an individual, including income, monetary assets and other holdings. Power:- The ability to attain goals and maintain influence over others, even in the absence of their consent. Prestige:- The approval and respect received from other members of society.

6. Consequences of Social Stratification L ongevity H ealth and illness C hildbearing and Rearing C rime and Criminal Justice Contacts

7. Theories of Social Stratification Functionalist Theory Y ou will remember that functionalist theory understands society as a “System” or “Organism” A s functionalists, Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore contended that stratification was a necessity for society because: S ociety has numerous positions that must be fulfilled if it is to function properly.

8. ( Continue) Functionalist Theory S ome positions, however are more important for the maintenance of society ( e.g., physicians ) F inally, some positions require special talents that are not generally prevalent in the population. H ence, functionally important positions and/or positions requiring rare talent are rewarded most highly.

9. Criticisms of Functional Theory Ex Post Facto Judgment of Functional Importance of Positions Critics question the functional importance of certain highly rewarded positions such as actors and sports figures, in contrast to positions such as school teachers or social workers. The stratification system itself Inhibits Talent and Abilities Many barriers are placed in the way of individuals from lower classes to keep them from competing effectively.

10. Marxist Conflict Theory S uggest that social stratification is determined by the Relations of Production. B ourgeoisie- capitalists who own the means of production. P roletariat- wage laborers who sell their labor to bourgeoisie. I nterests of these two classes are intrinsically opposed. P ower of the capitalists allows them to impose their will and realize their interests. A ccording to Marx, the proletariat will eventually develop a class consciousness, and ultimately overthrow the capitalists.

11. Comparing Functional and Conflict Theories What is Caste? Definition of Caste “ When a class is somewhat strictly hereditary, we may call it a Caste.” (Cooly, C.H) “ When status is wholly predetermined, so that men are born to their lot in life without any hope of changing it, then Class takes the form of Class.” (Maclver) “ A Caste is an aggregate of persons whose share of obligations and privileges is fixed by birth, sanctioned and supported by magic and religion. “( Martindale and Monachesi) .

12. ( Continue ) Comparing Functional and Conflict Theories What is Class? Definition of Class “ A Social Class is any portion of community marked off from the rest by Social Status.” ( Maclver ) It is the sense of status, sustained by the Economic, Political or ecclesiastical Power and by the distinctive modes of life and cultural Expressions Corresponding to them, that draws Class apart. From class, gives Cohesion to Each class and Stratifies a whole society.” ( Ibid ). A Social Class is the aggregate of persons having essentially the same social status in a given Society.” ( Ogburn and Nimkoff ).

13. Distinction between Class and Caste

14. Social Class in Pakistan Sociologist are not agreed as to how social Classes Should be Distinguished. Most Commonly, 5 Classes are Identified: Upper Class Upper-Middle Class Lower-Middle Class Working Class Lower Class Each of these Classes represent Differences is both Income and Lifestyle Characteristics .

15. Thank you and Goodbye, Till next Class