Social psychology
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Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others. Social psychologists explain human behavior as a result of the interaction between mental states and immediate social context. Social roles, attitudes, relationships, and groups influence people to act in ways they may not alone through social norms, rules, and expectations. Groups can lead to conformity, groupthink, and influence behaviors and decision making through leadership, conflict, and cohesion. Prejudice arises from various sources and reducing it requires understanding its origins and unconscious nature.
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Social psychology
- 2. DEFINITION Social psychology is the scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings and behavior are influenced by the actual , imagined ,or implied presence of others Social psychology study how social roles ,attitudes , relationships ,and groups influence people to do things they would not necessarily do on their own- to act bravely ,compassionately , aggresively or even savagely ocial psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the interaction of mental states and immediate social
- 3. Roles and Rules orms = Social constrains ules about how we supposed to act , enforced by threat of punishment if we violate them or promised of reward if we follow them . orms are the conventions of everyday life that makes of everyday life that makes interactions with otherpeople predictive and orderly ver culture has it is own norms for just everthing in human experience
- 4. Roles Types of Norms : • Enriched by low •Unspoken cultural understanding •Tiny unspoken people learn unconsciously
- 5. Social Roles ome regulated by norms about how people social rules : p0sitions that are regulated by norms about how people in those positions should behave ender Roles ccupational roles amily roles
- 7. Attitudes ttitudes are defined as learned, global evaluations of a person, object, place, or issue that influence thought and action. ut more simply, attitudes are basic expressions of approval or disapproval, favorability or unfavorability, or as Bem put it, likes and dislikes. xamples would include liking chocolate ice cream, being against abortion, or endorsing the values of a particular political party.
- 8. The origins of Attitude ttitudes have strong correlations between likes and dislikes and the genetic background nborn Errors of social and cognitive skills emperament and personality traits such as openness to experience eligious affiliation
- 10. persuasion Corecive persuasion Friendly persuasion
- 12. Conformity test line A B C
- 13. Conformity veryone conform: dentification of group members he group has knowledge more than his
- 15. Group Think he tendency to think alike and suppress dissent roup think = extreme conformity roup think occurs when a group needs for total agreement “Irving Janis ,1982-1989” ymptoms of group think include the following:
- 16. Persuasion ersuasion is an active method of influence that `ttempt to guide people toward adoption of an attitude ,idea ,or behavior by rational or emotive means. ersuasion relies on appeals rather than strong pressure or coercion ariables that influence persuasion process WHO said WHAT to WHOM and HOW - THE COMMUNICATOR -THE MESSAGE
- 17. Persuasion ercussion attempts to relay on the mass media frequently result in failure. This is because people ‘s behavior are often established habits that tend to be resistance to change . Communication campaign are most likely to succeed when they use entertaining characters and messages, tailor messages across relevant media channels
- 18. SOCIAL COGNITION his is a growing area of social psychology ,that studies how people perceiveabout and remember information about others. eople think about people differently from non- social targets illiaams ‘syndrome and altruism ltruism and Dissent
- 19. GROUP PSYCHOLOGY Noha Sabry Prof. Psychiatry – Faculty of Medicie-Cairo Univestry
- 20. Group Identity ocial Identity thnic Identity thnocentrism Stereotypes
- 21. Intragroup and intergroup Behavior actors Influencing Behavior in Groups roup Size ature and focus in group
- 22. Nature and Focus of Group ask and oriented group entient group
- 23. Leadership ypes of leadership ccording to nature, focus and needs of the group there are two types: ocial –emotional leader ask leader ccording to the style or way of leading we may have: • Democratic leader • Autocratic (authoritarian) leader • Laissez –fair leader • Appointed leaders
- 24. Group Conflict and Prejudice he origins of Prejudice efining and measuring Prejudice nconscious Prejudices
- 25. Group decision making olarization roup think
- 26. Group cohesiveness nter group behaviour
- 27. PREJUDICE Sources of Prejudice - - Reducing Prejudice
- 28. The Individual and Society ( BASIC SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS ) ulture alues orms nomie - Acute anomie - Chronic anomie
- 30. Deviant Behaviour and Social Control eviant behaviour tigma
Editor's Notes
- Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.[1] By this definition, scientific refers to the empirical method of investigation. The terms thoughts , feelings , and behaviors include all of the psychological variables that are measurable in a human being. The statement that others may be imagined or implied suggests that we are prone to social influence even when no other people are present, such as when watching television, or following internalized cultural norms. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the interaction of mental states and immediate social situations. In Kurt Lewin's conceptual formula, behavior can be viewed as a function of the person in the environment, B = f ( P , E ).[2] In general, social psychologists have a preference for laboratory based, empirical findings. Social psychology theories tend to be specific and focused, rather than global and general.
- he topic of persuasion has received a great deal of attention in recent years. Persuasion is an active method of influence that attempts to guide people toward the adoption of an attitude, idea, or behavior by rational or emotive means. Persuasion relies on "appeals" rather than strong pressure or coercion. Numerous variables have been found to influence the persuasion process, and these are normally presented in five major categories: who said what to whom and how . The Communicator, including credibility, expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. The Message, including varying degrees of reason, emotion (such as fear), one-sided or two sided arguments, and other types of informational content. The Audience, including a variety of demographics, personality traits, and preferences. The Channel, including the printed word, radio, television, the internet, or face-to-face interactions. The Context, including the environment, group dynamics, pre-amble to the message Dual-process theories of persuasion (such as the elaboration likelihood model) maintain that the persuasive process is mediated by two separate routes. Persuasion can be accomplished by either superficial aspects of the communication or the internal logic and evidence of the message. Whether someone is persuaded by a popular celebrity or factual arguments is largely determined by the ability and motivation of the audience. Persuasion attempts that rely on the mass media frequently result in failure. This is because people's attitudes and behaviors are often established habits that tend to be resistant to change. Communication campaigns are most likely to succeed when they use entertaining characters and messages, tailor the message to fit the audience, and repeat messages across relevant media channels. [ citation needed ] An example of a highly effective mass media campaign is the Got Milk campaign. [ edit]
- ersuasion is an active method of influence that attempts to guide people toward the adoption of an attitude, idea, or behavior by rational or emotive means. Persuasion relies on "appeals" rather than strong pressure or coercion. Numerous variables have been found to influence the persuasion process, and these are normally presented in five major categories: who said what to whom and how . he Communicator, including credibility, expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. The Message, including varying degrees of reason, emotion (such as fear), one-sided or two sided arguments, and other types of informational content. The Audience, including a variety of demographics, personality traits, and preferences. The Channel, including the printed word, radio, television, the internet, or face-to-face interactions. The Context, including the environment, group dynamics, pre-amble to the message
- he topic of persuasion has received a great deal of attention in recent years. Persuasion is an active method of influence that attempts to guide people toward the adoption of an attitude, idea, or behavior by rational or emotive means. Persuasion relies on "appeals" rather than strong pressure or coercion. Numerous variables have been found to influence the persuasion process, and these are normally presented in five major categories: who said what to whom and how . The Communicator, including credibility, expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. The Message, including varying degrees of reason, emotion (such as fear), one-sided or two sided arguments, and other types of informational content. The Audience, including a variety of demographics, personality traits, and preferences. The Channel, including the printed word, radio, television, the internet, or face-to-face interactions. The Context, including the environment, group dynamics, pre-amble to the message Dual-process theories of persuasion (such as the elaboration likelihood model) maintain that the persuasive process is mediated by two separate routes. Persuasion can be accomplished by either superficial aspects of the communication or the internal logic and evidence of the message. Whether someone is persuaded by a popular celebrity or factual arguments is largely determined by the ability and motivation of the audience. Persuasion attempts that rely on the mass media frequently result in failure. This is because people's attitudes and behaviors are often established habits that tend to be resistant to change. Communication campaigns are most likely to succeed when they use entertaining characters and messages, tailor the message to fit the audience, and repeat messages across relevant media channels. [ citation needed ] An example of a highly effective mass media campaign is the Got Milk campaign. [ edit]
- ocial cognition is a growing area of social psychology that studies how people perceive, think about, and remember information about others. Much of the research rests on the assertion that people think about people differently from non-social targets.[11] This assertion is widely supported by the existence of social cognitive deficits exhibited by people with Williams syndrome and autism.[12] Person perception is the study of how people form impressio