The document is a wall chart that outlines major events and developments in world history. It includes sections on human creation, maps and distribution of humans, the major ethnic groups, Noah and the flood, early civilizations, hobbies and inventions from antiquity, culture, sports and games, literature, infrastructure, and wars and expeditions. The chart provides brief descriptions and timelines for key topics and historical figures.
This International Women's Day, INSEAD takes a look at persistent myths about women in business that need to be shattered and replaced with clear facts. Because when women have the same opportunities to rise up the ranks and take the lead, organisations do better.
#IWD2017 #BeBoldForChange
Learn more about the INSEAD's degree programmes:
MBA - http://inse.ad/NoJOuh
Global Executive MBA - http://inse.ad/sCUvQU
Executive Master in Finance - http://inse.ad/YIp7yF
As a part of the Traditional Arts and Ethnology Centre's 5 Year Anniversary and Book Launch celebration week we prepared a slideshow that highlights some of our accomplishments over the past five year as well as testimonials from people we have worked with in the past. Have a look to see some of what we have done!
For more information about TAEC visit www.taeclaos.org or www.facebook.com/taeclaos
We all are always interested in learning about our origins. A detailed world history timeline can be of help in learning about how we have gotten to where we are today. If you are interested in a world history timeline, visit timelines.ws.
This International Women's Day, INSEAD takes a look at persistent myths about women in business that need to be shattered and replaced with clear facts. Because when women have the same opportunities to rise up the ranks and take the lead, organisations do better.
#IWD2017 #BeBoldForChange
Learn more about the INSEAD's degree programmes:
MBA - http://inse.ad/NoJOuh
Global Executive MBA - http://inse.ad/sCUvQU
Executive Master in Finance - http://inse.ad/YIp7yF
As a part of the Traditional Arts and Ethnology Centre's 5 Year Anniversary and Book Launch celebration week we prepared a slideshow that highlights some of our accomplishments over the past five year as well as testimonials from people we have worked with in the past. Have a look to see some of what we have done!
For more information about TAEC visit www.taeclaos.org or www.facebook.com/taeclaos
We all are always interested in learning about our origins. A detailed world history timeline can be of help in learning about how we have gotten to where we are today. If you are interested in a world history timeline, visit timelines.ws.
28 JANUARY 2011 VOL 331 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org 39.docxtamicawaysmith
28 JANUARY 2011 VOL 331 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org 392
NEWSFOCUS
New genomic data are settling an old
argument about how our species evolved
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FOR 27 YEARS, CHRIS STRINGER AND
Milford Wolpoff have been at odds about
where and how our species was born.
Stringer, a paleoanthropologist at the Nat-
ural History Museum in London, held that
modern humans came out of Africa, spread
around the world, and replaced, rather than
mated with, the archaic humans they met.
But Wolpoff, of the University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, argued that a single, worldwide
species of human, including archaic forms
outside of Africa, met, mingled and had
offspring, and so produced Homo sapiens.
The battle has been long and
bitter: When reviewing a man-
uscript in the 1980s, Wolpoff
scribbled “Stringer’s desper-
ate argument” under a chart;
in a 1996 book, Stringer wrote
that “attention to inconvenient
details has never been part of
the Wolpoff style.” At one tense
meeting, the pair presented
opposing views in rival sessions
on the same day—and Wolpoff
didn’t invite Stringer to the
meeting’s press conference. “It
was diff icult for a long time,”
recalls Stringer.
Then, in the past year, geneticists an-
nounced the nearly complete nuclear
genomes of two different archaic humans:
Neandertals, and their enigmatic eastern
cousins from southern Siberia. These data
provide a much higher resolution view of
our past, much as a new telescope allows
astronomers to see farther back in time
in the universe. When compared with the
genomes of living people, the ancient
genomes allow anthropologists to thor-
oughly test the competing models of human
origins for the fi rst time.
The DNA data suggest not one but
at least two instances of interbreeding
between archaic and modern humans, rais-
ing the question of whether H. sapiens at that
point was a distinct species (see sidebar,
p. 394). And so they appear to refute the com-
plete replacement aspect of the Out of Africa
model. “[Modern humans] are certainly com-
ing out of Africa, but we’re fi nding evidence
of low levels of admixture wherever you
look,” says evolutionary geneticist Michael
Hammer of the University of Arizona in Tuc-
son. Stringer admits: “The story has undoubt-
edly got a whole lot more complicated.”
But the genomic data don’t prove the
classic multiregionalism model correct
either. They suggest only a small amount
of interbreeding, presumably at the margins
where invading moderns met archaic groups
that were the worldwide descendants of
H. erectus, the human ancestor that left
Africa 1.8 million years ago. “I have lately
taken to talking about the best model as
replacement with hybridization, … [or]
‘leaky replacement,’ ” says paleogeneticist
Svante Pääbo of ...
Information Technology - The First Two Million Years (2019 Edition)Jamie Stantonian
This the story of how we've have transmitted, stored and processed information since before we were human. Beginning with embodied knowledge, body decoration, language, myth, writing, print and eventually electronic media it explores how each era has dramatically altered the fabric of human society, the nature of consciousness, and ultimately the physical world itself. It spans the period of about 2 million years BC (roughly the discovery of fire) and goes to the late 19th century. The 20th and 21st centuries and the implications for the future will be tackled in an expanded presentation in the near future.
Anthropology VIEWING GUIDE video The Journey of Man .docxboyfieldhouse
Anthropology
VIEWING GUIDE: video: The Journey of Man
Dr Spencer Wells is head geneticist with The Genographic Project, Explorer-in-Residence with National
Geographic, and professor at Cornell University.
To give you some context, this video was produced in 2002 (it accompanied a book Wells wrote, The
Journey of Man: a Genetic Odyssey). —So, when Wells refers to his embarking on these studies with
Luca Cavalli-Sforza (“It’s only in the last decade that we’ve discovered how to read these stories”;
“Ten years on, and we’re ready to re-write history”), that places the beginning of the project in the
early 1990s. Wells has published a second book, Pandora’s Seed: the Unforeseen Cost of Civilization
(2010), and a new video, but this older one is more useful for this course.
TIME “Passage” àInstructor observation
02:20 “But it’s only in the last decade that we’ve discovered how to read these stories.”
02:55 à Field studies by Luca Cavalli-Sforza in the 1950s and 1970s: The studies he was doing back
then involved taking samples of blood from individuals, and indirectly extrapolating genetic
inheritance based on the blood proteins found in each sample.
05:25 “Ten years on, and we’re ready to re-write history.”
à Cavalli-Sforza initiated this effort, using the genes of currently living individuals to open a
window to past generations, in the early 1990s. This was shortly after the technology for breaking
down an individual’s chromosomes into the component genes became perfected. The Human
Genome Project (mapping the human genome; discovering the function of each gene) had already
been initiated in the late 1980s by James D. Watson (co-“discoverer”, with Francis Crick,
Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins, of the DNA molecule in the 1950s).
06:05 “Listen, I’ll be honest with you. I’ve got a problem. … If our ancestors made the journey I believe they did,
they would have had to be superhuman.”
à I (your intrepid instructor) “read” this as a bit of hyperbole inserted by the script writer, who
felt bound to introduce a bit of (contrived) drama to ‘pull the viewers in’ before they started
picking up their remotes.
—What this contrived drama is referring to: “We” (anatomically and culturally modern
humans) evidently emerged roughly 125,000 to 50,000 years ago (in the video, Wells and
paleoanthropologist Richard Klein place the emergence between 72,000 and 50,000 years ago). The genetic evidence
places their emergence in south-central Africa. However, the earliest archaeological sites
attributable to these language-capable ancestors are found in Australia dating 40,000 years ago,
with no sites in between. —So, like, they left Africa one day and made it to Australia by nightfall!
—But even if our language-capable ancestors emerged as recently as 50,000 years ago, it would
certainly be possible for a group to migrate out of Africa, and ov.
Information Technology - The First Two Million Years (Part 1)Jamie Stantonian
A meander through the evolution of information and communication technology, from prehuman times to the advent of the printing press. (Part 2 will cover subsequent eras). Topics cover include primate communication, fire, body art, language, cave painting and stone age technocomplexes, different types of writing, the alphabet, the printing press and much inbetween.
One of our greatest historians, Dr. John Henerik Clarke informs us that, “THERE HAS BEEN A DELIBERATE DESTRUCTION OF AFRICAN CULTURE AND THE RECORDS RELATING TO THAT CULTURE. THIS DESTRUCTION STARTED WITH THE FIRST INVADERS OF AFRICA. IT CONTINUED THRU THE PERIOD OF SLAVERY AND THE COLONIAL SYSTEM. IT CONTINUES TODAY ON A MUCH HIGHER AND MORE DANGEROUS LEVEL. THERE ARE NOW ATTEMPTS ON THE HIGHEST ACADEMIC LEVEL TO DIVIDE AFRICAN HISTORY AND CULTURE WITHIN AFRICA IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THE BEST OF IT [ESPECIALLY THE AFRIKAN HISTORY OF ANTIQUITY] CAN BE CLAIMED, FOR EUROPEANS, OR AT LEAST ASIANS…AND THIS IS ONE OF THE WAYS THAT AFRIKAN PEOPLE HAVE BEEN PROGRAMMED OUT OF THE RESPECTFUL COMMENTARY OF [WORLD] HISTORY.”
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATION FOR EDUCATORSV.docxroushhsiu
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATION FOR EDUCATORS
VOLUME 31 NO. 1 SPRING 2010
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE HUMAN?
A BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE
by Alison S. Brooks
˜ ˜ ˜
“…it would be impossible to fix on any point when the term “man”
ought to be used……” (Darwin 1871: 230)
A
new permanent exhibit at the Smithsonian’s Na
tional Museum of Natural History asks the ques
tion “What does it mean to be human?” Before
there were any fossils to inform us about the roads taken
and not taken on our evolutionary journey, 18th and 19th
century scholars wrestled with the anatomical similarities
between humans and apes, especially, as Darwin noted,
the African apes. Many of the human distinctions these
early scholars cited were behavioral, including language,
tool-making and technology-dependence, culture, use of
fire, a sense of shame, burial of the dead, and a sense of
the sacred. Even today, our anatomy alone may not suf-
fice to define our genus Homo. Indeed in 1964 one of the
oldest members of our genus, Homo habilis, was defined
as Homo to a large extent on the basis of the tools found
in association with its bones; the evolutionary or generic
status of the bones themselves remains controversial. As
in the museum’s new exhibit, new approaches to under-
standing our past and defining our species emphasize the
role of changing human behavior and its relationship to
and possible role in changing our anatomy.
This paper offers a brief summary of key discover-
ies in the fossil record followed by a discussion of be-
havioral characteristics defining modern humans and their
emergence through time. This is followed by a descrip-
tion of the evidence documenting the development of
archaic, Neanderthal, and modern humans, tracing the
evolution of key behaviors from 600 kya to 40 kya (thou-
sands of years ago). Finally, the evidence for the role of
Africa in the gradual evolution of distinctly modern hu-
man behaviors is argued as the paper concludes.
The Fossil Record of Human Evolution
Charles Darwin in his 1871 book, The Descent of Man,
located the likely origination of humans in Africa due to
the geographic distribution and comparable anatomy of
the chimpanzee and gorilla. Other early scholars, how-
ever, thought that our two most distinctive anatomical
features, our large brains and our two-legged gait, had
evolved together and that these changes had happened in
Europe. In Darwin’s time, only a few fossils of Nean-
SPECIAL ISSUE ON HUMAN ORIGINSSPECIAL ISSUE ON HUMAN ORIGINSSPECIAL ISSUE ON HUMAN ORIGINSSPECIAL ISSUE ON HUMAN ORIGINSSPECIAL ISSUE ON HUMAN ORIGINS
What Does it Mean to be Human?What Does it Mean to be Human?What Does it Mean to be Human?What Does it Mean to be Human?What Does it Mean to be Human?
ANTHRONOTES®
Page 2
AnthroNotes Volume 31 No.1 Spring 2010
derthals, our closest extinct relatives, had been recovered
from European sites. The 1891 finding in Java of Pithecan-
thropus erectus (now Homo erectus), an ...
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
World history
1. The
Wall Chart
Of
World History
Human Creation Maps Distribution Human Race
Ancients
Ethnology Noah
Civilizations
Hobbies Inventions Culture
Sports and Games Literature Infrastructure
Wars and
Expeditions
2. Human Creation
“In Accordance with World History
Chart”
According to this Map, First Human were “ADAM” and “EVE” and they were estimated to
be Some 4004 BC.This is Considered to be the first year of Mankind.
“ADAM” was estimated to have 930 yrs of Age.
“CAIN” was the First Born. “SETH”(912 yrs) and “ABEL” were considered to be the Sons of
“ADAM”.
Many Discoveries and Inventions are ascribed to the mental activity of “CAIN’s” posterity.
An Old Tradition Says that “ADAM” had 33 Sons and 23 Daughters.
The Arabian name of “ENOCH” (7th from “ADAM”) is “EDRIS” and their traditions of him are
that he was Eminent Astronomer, Mathematician and Prophet of GOD.
3. The
Wall Chart
Of
World History
Human Creation Maps Distribution Human Race
Ancients
Ethnology Noah
Civilizations
Hobbies Inventions Culture
Sports and Games Literature Infrastructure
Wars and
Expeditions
4. “Ethnology”
A science that deals with the division of human beings into races and their origin,
distribution, relations, and characteristics.(Merriam-Webster)
Ethnology (from the Greeks ἔθνος, ethnos meaning "people, nation, race") is the branch
of anthropology that compares and analyzes the origins, distribution,
technology, religion, language, and social structure of the ethnic, racial,
and/or national divisions of humanity. (Newman, Garfield, et al. (2008))
5. Ethnology
“In Accordance with World History
Chart”
According to World History Chart, there are Five main Ethnic Groups which were
evolved after “NOAH”.
NEGRO or AFRICAN
These races were distinguished from one another also by their hair-dressing and their
costume.
7. “NEGRO or AFRICAN”
Skull:
Usually Dolicephalic, a small minority are Brach
cephalic.
Forehead most often high, little supraobital
development.
Face:
Leproscopic (to a much lesser degree than the
Caucasian), Prognathism common in most Negro
populations.
Nose:
Low & broad in root and bridge with characteristic
depression at root.
8. Ethnology
“In Accordance with World History
Chart”
According to World History Chart, there are Five main Ethnic Groups which were
evolved after “NOAH”.
NEGRO or AFRICAN
EUROPEAN or CAUCASIAN
These races were distinguished from one another also by their hair-dressing and their
costume.
10. “NEGRO or AFRICAN”
Skull:
Dolicephalic(Long-Head),High forehead, Little
supraobital development.
Face:
Mainly Leptoproscopic( Narrow)Sometimes Meso-
or even Euryproscopic, Neither Facial nor alveolar
prognathism occurs except among some archaic
peoples.
Nose:
Long,narrow,high in both root and bridge.
11. Ethnology
“In Accordance with World History
Chart”
According to World History Chart, there are Five main Ethnic Groups which were
evolved after “NOAH”.
NEGRO or AFRICAN
EUROPEAN or CAUCASIAN
MALAY
These races were distinguished from one another also by their hair-dressing and their
costume.
13. Ethnology
“In Accordance with World History
Chart”
According to World History Chart, there are Five main Ethnic Groups which were
evolved after “NOAH”.
NEGRO or AFRICAN
EUROPEAN or CAUCASIAN
MALAY
INDIAN or AMERICAN
These races were distinguished from one another also by their hair-dressing and their
costume.
15. Ethnology
“In Accordance with World History
Chart”
According to World History Chart, there are Five main Ethnic Groups which were
evolved after “NOAH”.
NEGRO or AFRICAN
EUROPEAN or CAUCASIAN
MALAY
INDIAN or AMERICAN
CHINESE or MONGOLIAN
These races were distinguished from one another also by their hair-dressing and their
costume.
17. “NEGRO or AFRICAN”
Skull:
High incidence of Brachycephaly(Short Round
Head) American Indians while Mongoloid are often
Dolicephalic. Foreheads slightly lower than that of
the Caucasoid.
No Supraobital development
Face:
Wide and short, projecting cheek bones,
Prognathism rare. Shovel shaped incisors common
especially in Asia.
Nose:
Mesorine(Low and Broad in both root and bridge.
18. The
Wall Chart
Of
World History
Human Creation Maps Distribution Human Race
Ancients
Ethnology Noah
Civilizations
Hobbies Inventions Culture
Sports and Games Literature Infrastructure
Wars and
Expeditions
20. The
Wall Chart
Of
World History
Human Creation Maps Distribution Human Race
Ancients
Ethnology Noah
Civilizations
Hobbies Inventions Culture
Sports and Games Literature Infrastructure
Wars and
Expeditions
21. “Human Race”
A human race is defined as a group of people with certain common inherited features that distinguish them
from other groups of people. All men of whatever race are currently classified by the anthropologist or
biologist as belonging to the one species, Homo sapiens.
InfoLink.org
22. The
Wall Chart
Of
World History
Human Creation Maps Distribution Human Race
Ancients
Ethnology Noah
Civilizations
Hobbies Inventions Culture
Sports and Games Literature Infrastructure
Wars and
Expeditions
23. NOAH
“Noah of the Flood”
According to the Wall chart of World History.
The name Noah or pronounced Noach comes from a Hebrew verb which means
“rest”. Noah is a descendant of Seth. He was born to Lamech when Lamech was one hundred
and eighty two years old (Genesis 5:28 KJV). Adam lived until Lamech was fifty eight or just
one hundred sixty four years before Noah was born.
The Bible describes Noah as a “just man and perfect in his generations”, and says he had even
walked with God (Genesis 6:9 KJV). At the age of five hundred, Noah
begat Shem, Ham, and Japheth Genesis 5:32 KJV).
Quran Says Surah 71 (NUH):
Surely We sent Nuh to his people, saying: "Warn your people before there come upon them
a painful chastisement."
He said: "O my people! Surely I am a plain Warner to you that you should serve Allah and
be careful of (your duty to) Him and obey me. He will forgive you some of your faults and
grant you a delay to an appointed term; surely the term of Allah when it comes is not
postponed; did you but know!"
25. NOAH
“Noah Build an Ark”
We revealed to him: "Build the Ship under Our supervision and as We reveal. When Our
command comes and water bubbles up from the earth, load into it a pair of every species, and
your family-except for those among them against whom the word has already gone ahead. And
do not address Me concerning those who do wrong. They shall be drowned." (Qur'an, 23:27)
Genesis 6:3 “And the LORD said, My spirit shall not always strive with men... yet his days shall
be an hundred and twenty years”.
26. NOAH
“Noah Blessing”
Whole societies have passed away before your time, so travel about the earth and see the final
fate of the deniers.
(Qur’an, 3:137)
Noah lived another three hundred and fifty years after the flood. And all of Noah's days were
nine hundred and fifty years before he died (Genesis 9:28-29 KJV)
27. The
Wall Chart
Of
World History
Human Creation Maps Distribution Human Race
Ancients
Ethnology Noah
Civilizations
Hobbies Inventions Culture
Sports and Games Literature Infrastructure
Wars and
Expeditions
29. “Canaanites”
Canaan is a location familiar from the Bible, whose conquest is described in Joshua 1-11 and Judges
1. In the second half of the second millennium B.C., Canaan was a province of Egypt's empire. Around
1200 B.C. the Israelites are thought to have entered Canaan, a land of milk and honey.
Canaan refers to the Promised Land of the ancient Israelites which was located in today's Lebanon
and Israel.
Sometimes Canaan is the area inhabited by residents of ancient Palestine. Sometimes it refers to
descendants of Noah's son Ham's son Canaan.
Some settlements in Canaan have been dated as old as 7000 BCE, but the Canaanite civilization as
we know it began in the Early Bronze Age, roughly 3300 BCE (5300 years ago).
P. Kyle McCarter, Jr. "Canaan" The Oxford Guide to People and Places of the Bible. Ed. Bruce M. Metzger and Michael D.
Coogan. Oxford University Press, 2001.
30. “Egyptians”
The basic element in the lengthy history of Egyptian civilization is geography. The Nile River rises from the
lakes of central Africa as the White Nile and from the mountains of Ethiopia as the Blue Nile. The White and
Blue Nile meet at Khartoum and flow together northward to the Nile delta, where the 4000 mile course of this
river spills into the Mediterranean Sea.
Less than two inches of rain per year falls in the delta and rain is relatively unknown in other parts of Egypt.
Most of the land is uninhabitable.
These geographical factors have determined the character of Egyptian civilization. People could farm only
along the banks of the Nile, where arid sand meets the fertile soil. Of course, each summer the Nile swells as
the rains pour down and the snow melts on the mountains.
The river overflows its banks and floods the land with fresh water and deposits a thick layer of rich alluvial
soil. The land would then yield two harvests before winter. This yearly flood determined more than just the
agricultural needs of early Egypt. It also determined the lifecycle of society and helped to create the world view
of ancient Egyptian civilization.
Historyguide.org
31. “Chaldeans or Babylonians”
After the Assyrians fell, the Chaldean empire dominated the entire fertile crescent and had independence for around 70 years.
Chaldeans were sometimes called the new Babylonians, descended from the people of Hammurabi’s Babylonian empire of the 1700s
B.C.King.
Nebuchadnezzar was the Chaldeans most powerful and prominent ruler and they reached the height of the Chaldeans power during
his reign from 605 B.C. to 562 B.C.
• King Nebuchadnezzar is possibly the most memorable ruler of the Babylonians. He accomplished the most of their time and made
the city famous with artworks and the conquering of the old Babylon and the Fertile Crescent.
• Nebuchadnezzar extended the boundaries as far west as Syria and Canaan as he conquered the city of Jerusalem and the
Phoenician city-state of Tire. He was know was known for the way he rebuilt Babylon.
• King Nebuchadnezzar conquered Jerusalem and forced the Hebrews to move to Babylon.
• Nebuchadnezzar also turned Babylonian into the most beautiful city of the ancient world.
• Nebuchadnezzar had created these hanging gardens for his wife. The gardens were located Babylon, which was the capital of many
empires. A mystery of the gardens is how enough water to support the plants was transported so high in the air.
•Its hanging gardens were part of the seven wonders of the world at the time.
• The hanging gardens were on top of Nebuchadnezzar's palace. They were placed there because his wife from the mountains was
homesick so he wanted to make the city more appealing to her.
Historyguide.org
32. “Greece”
The history of Greece can be traced back to Stone Age hunters. Later came early farmers and the civilizations of the Minoan
and Mycenaean kings. This was followed by a period of wars and invasions, known as the Dark Ages. In about 1100 BC, a people
called the Dorian's invaded from the north and spread down the west coast.
In the period from 500-336 BC Greece was divided into small city states, each of which consisted of a city and its surrounding
countryside.
There were only a few historians in the time of Ancient Greece.
Three major ancient historians, were able to record their time of Ancient Greek history, that include Herodotus, known as the
'Father of History' who travelled to many ancient historic sites at the time, Thucydides and Xenophon.
Most other forms of History knowledge and accountability of the ancient Greeks we know is because of temples, sculpture,
pottery, artifacts and other archaeological findings.
Ancientgreece.org
33. “Chinese”
For thousands of years, the ancient Chinese thought they were pretty much alone on the planet Earth. They knew
there were people to the north, the Felt Tent People - the Mongols - but they did not know that other advanced ancient
civilizations existed anywhere else.
China's natural barriers to the west, south, and east helped to protect these early people from invasion.
China's natural barriers include seas - the China Sea and the Yellow Sea, both located in the Pacific Ocean. These
seas provide a huge coastline, which provided trade routes and easy access to food.
China's natural barriers also include mountains, deserts, and rivers. As you can see, China has many natural
barriers, all of which helped to keep her isolated from the rest of the world for many thousands of years.
China.mrdonn.org
34. The
Wall Chart
Of
World History
Human Creation Maps Distribution Human Race
Ancients
Ethnology Noah
Civilizations
Hobbies Inventions Culture
Sports and Games Literature Infrastructure
Wars and
Expeditions
35. “Hobbies”
According to World History Chart
Rosetta Stone was the Oldest writing found on Stone.
155 BC Eclipse was observed by the Chinese astronomers, according to DU HALDE.
CHINA was founded by FOHI or YAO, supposed to be the NOAH of the Bible, 2240
BC. Chinese historians state that FOHI was a divine personage. That he invented a
symbolic mode of Writing. He also invented music and dressmaking, and also the custom
of sacrificing at the solstices.
1364-1291 hobbies of Spinning and weaving were developed.
Glass Blowing, literature and Infrastructure, Painting, astronomy and astrology was
among the hobbies of Egyptian Civilization.
578 BC Money first coined at Rome.
Pythagoras discovered the forty seven problems, the multiplication Table etc and
suggested ideas of which the Copernican system(Astronomy) was the full development.
First Public Bakery in Rome 170 BC.
1583-355 the chronology of Arundelian Marbles Begins.
42. The
Wall Chart
Of
World History
Human Creation Maps Distribution Human Race
Ancients
Ethnology Noah
Civilizations
Hobbies Inventions Culture
Sports and Games Literature Infrastructure
Wars and
Expeditions
44. The
Wall Chart
Of
World History
Human Creation Maps Distribution Human Race
Ancients
Ethnology Noah
Civilizations
Hobbies Inventions Culture
Sports and Games Literature Infrastructure
Wars and
Expeditions
46. The
Wall Chart
Of
World History
Human Creation Maps Distribution Human Race
Ancients
Ethnology Noah
Civilizations
Hobbies Inventions Culture
Sports and Games Literature Infrastructure
Wars and
Expeditions
47. “Sports and Games in Ancient
History”
Playing Odd or Even.
Senet in Egypt: 3000 BC
First Olympiad July 1,776 BC.
The Game of Chess Invented by Palamedes.
Backgammon in Mesopotamia: 2500 BC
Egyptian sports: from 2000 BC
Greek athletics: 8th century BC
The extended games: 7th century BC
55. The
Wall Chart
Of
World History
Human Creation Maps Distribution Human Race
Ancients
Ethnology Noah
Civilizations
Hobbies Inventions Culture
Sports and Games Literature Infrastructure
Wars and
Expeditions
56. “Literature”
Ancient Egyptian Literature
Greek Literature
Romans Literature
Sanskrit
Chinese Literature
Alexander Library
Cambridge University
Arabic Literature
57. “Literature”
Ancient Egyptian Literature
Ancient Egyptian literature is characterized by a wide diversity of types and subject matter; it
dates from the Old Kingdom (c. 2755-2255 BC) into the Greco-Roman period (after 332 BC).
Such literary devices as simile, metaphor, alliteration, and punning are found.
58. “Literature”
Greek Literature
Of the literature of ancient Greece only a relatively small proportion survives.
Yet it remains important, not only because much of it is of supreme quality but also because
until the mid-19th century the greater part of the literature of the Western world was produced
by writers who were familiar with the Greek tradition, either directly or through the medium of
Latin.
They were conscious that the forms they used were mostly of Greek invention, and who took
for granted in their readers some familiarity with Classical literature.
The periods
The history of ancient Greek literature may be divided into three periods: Archaic (to the end of
the 6th century BC); Classical (5th and 4th centuries BC); and Hellenistic and Greco-Roman (3rd
century BC onward).
59. “Literature”
Roman Literature
Roman literature is a greatly varied subject matter, nonetheless because it is such a broad
and varied theme which forces us into making a vast number of simplistic generalizations.
It's breadth can be understood not only in terms of the great variety of production which
surely existed at the time a minor fragment of which has made it down to us through the ages
but also of the vast time period and geography included within the term "ancient Rome".
Latin - the language of the Romans is a lasting legacy of their cultural dominance over the
western world. While Greek literature dominated the east and even scholarly circles of Rome
itself, writers of Latin developed in their own right.
Many works were recorded and preserved in the original Latin, including comedy, history,
rhetoric, satire and poetry, and the written form continued to shape European language and
literature into the present day.
60. “Literature”
Sanskrit
Sanskrit literature came into being with the making of Vedas and left a rich legacy of literary
knowledge for the times to come. However, the language of the Vedas differs from the language
used in poetry and drama. Classical Sanskrit literature is found to be in vogue when it comes
to writing poetry and dance dramas.
61. “Literature”
Chinese Literature
China is the only country in the world with a literature written in one language for more than 3,000
consecutive years. This continuity results largely from the nature of the written language itself. It is the use of
characters, not letters as in Western languages, that is most important in the Chinese language.
The characters stand for things or ideas and so, unlike groups of letters, they cannot and need never be
sounded. Thus Chinese could be read by people in all parts of the country in spite of gradual changes in
pronunciation, the emergence of regional and local dialects, and modification of the characters.
China has a very old and rich tradition in literature and the dramatic and visual arts. Early writings generally
derived from philosophical or religious essays such as the works of Confucius (551-479 BC) and Lao-tzu
(probably 4th century BC).
These writings were often about how people should act and how the society and political system should be
organized and operated. A strong tradition of historical writing also evolved. After the fall of a dynasty, for
example, a grand history of the late dynasty was commissioned and written by scholars in the next dynasty.
62. “Literature”
Library of Alexandria
The most famous library of classical antiquity.
It formed part of the research institute at Alexandria in Egypt that is known as the Museum, or
the Alexandrian Museum.
The Alexandrian library and museum were founded and maintained by the long succession of
Ptolemy's in Egypt from the beginning of the 3rd century BC.
The library consisted of two buildings, one was the main library and one was the daughter
library. Only 50 years after the founding of the library, the main library contained 400,000 rolls
and the daughter library had 42,800 rolls .
Of the total, 490,000 were "mixed" rolls, meaning each role contained several books, and
90,000 were "unmixed" roles.
The library also varied in several other subjects. These subjects include:
Mathematics
Astronomy
Mechanics (science)
Medicine
64. “Literature”
Cambridge University
The University of Cambridge is rich in history - its famous Colleges and University buildings
attract visitors from all over the world. But the University's museums and collections also hold
many treasures which give an exciting insight into some of the scholarly activities, both past
and present, of the University's academics and students.
The University of Cambridge is one of the world's oldest universities and leading academic
centre, and a self-governed community of scholars. Its reputation for outstanding academic
achievement is known world-wide and reflects the intellectual achievement of its students, as
well as the world-class original research carried out by the staff of the University and the
Colleges.
65. “Literature”
Arabic Literature
The structure of the Arabic language is well-suited to harmonious word-patterns, with
elaborate rhymes and rhythms. The earliest known literature emerged in northern Arabia
around 500 AD and took the form of poetry which was recited aloud, memorized and handed
down from one generation to another.
It began to be written down towards the end of the seventh century.
66. The
Wall Chart
Of
World History
Human Creation Maps Distribution Human Race
Ancients
Ethnology Noah
Civilizations
Hobbies Inventions Culture
Sports and Games Literature Infrastructure
Wars and
Expeditions
68. The
Wall Chart
Of
World History
Human Creation Maps Distribution Human Race
Ancients
Ethnology Noah
Civilizations
Hobbies Inventions Culture
Sports and Games Literature Infrastructure
Wars and
Expeditions
69. “Wars And Expeditions”
Battle of the Nine Kings 1913 BC.
Trojan War 1184-1194 BC.
Argonautio expeditions under the Jason 1263 BC. To Colchis First Naval
Expedition on Record and Troy captured by Argonauts, 1239 BC.
Battle of Tours Oct 10, 732 AD.
Greeks Defeated Persians Under the name of Alexander 444 AD.
Alexander Invaded many places and died at the age of 32.
Crusades.
World Wars.
72. “Wars And Expeditions”
Argonautio expeditions under the Jason 1263 BC. To Colchis First Naval
Expedition on Record and Troy captured by Argonauts, 1239 BC.
78. “References”
The Wall Chart of World History
Britannica
Wikipedia
World history
Channel History
World Heritage
World War
History in the Making
Mariam Webster
“Researchers”
Humza Jamil Pasha
Anjum Nawaz
Nazim Ilyas