The document discusses slums and slum clearance. It begins by defining slums as overcrowded areas lacking basic amenities. Rapid industrialization, population growth, poverty, lack of education, and weak local authorities are cited as causes of slum formation. Characteristics of slums include poor appearance, fire hazards, poor health and sanitation, overcrowding, and low social status. Effects of slums include negative impacts on health, lack of amenities, surrounding localities, working conditions, and aesthetics of cities. Methods of slum clearance discussed are improvement (upgrading infrastructure) and complete removal (demolishing structures).

1. Presented By : Prajapati Ghanshyam
SLUMS
BUILDING & TOWN PLANNING

2. Content
Introduction
Causes of Slums
Characteristics Of Slums
Effects Of Slums
Slum Clearance

3. INTRODUCTION
• A slum is predominantly an overcrowded
area where dwellings are unfit for human
habitation.
• It is an area where basic amenities like
water supply, drainage for standard living
are lacking ,insanitary conditions .
• It is poverty stricken area , where there is a
high rate of birth , infant mortality,
illegitimacy, juvenile crime , delinquency
and death .

4. • Thus representing a state of hell on the
surface of earth.
• Slum is a menaced to health, safety,
morality and general welfare of the
inhabitants.
• Slums are very common in India.
• It is estimated that about 25% population
of any city in India live under sub-human
conditions of slums .

5. •These are commonly known as
 Bustees in Kolkata
 Cheries in Chennai
 Ahatas in U.P.
 Jhoparpattis in Mumbai
 Jhuparpati in Gujrat

6. Slums in Dhaka , Bangladesh

7. Slums in Brazil

8. Slums in Egypt

9. Slums in Nairobi , Kenya

10. Slums in Mexico

11. Slums in Cape town, SA

12. Causes of slum
Rapid industrialization :The worker employed
in the factories generally make their habitation as
near possible to the place of work.
• Hence in a short time the available land or open
space is occupied without any proper planning.
Population growth :
• There is a lag between the tremendous growth of
population and the construction of house. These
shortages main fest themselves in creating slum.

13. Poverty:-The main cause of slum
formation can be described on one word
as poverty.
• For poor people it is difficult to pay heavy
rent for decent living. They move in slum
area.
Education:- if they inhabitants are lacking
in education ,they may be easily dragged
into social evils without any attention to
improvement of living condition.

14. Power of local authority:- if the local authority
concerned dose not possess adequate power
of control the development of town, the slum
may be formation.

15. Characteristics Of Slums
The General characteristics of slums
are :
1. Appearance:-
• This the rather the universal mark of the
slum and its unpleasant appearance
offends the eyes, nose, and conscience.
• The structures appear to be deteriorated
and to be of over-age.

16. 2. Fire hazards :-
• The slums area is often exposed to fire
accidents and consequent damages.
• One stick of matches may prove to be
sufficient to reduce the whole slum to
ashes in no time.
3. Health and Sanitation:-
• The slums is characterized by low
standards of sanitation .
• It also refers an area of high sickness and
death rates .

17. 4. Income criteria :-
• The slum is a poverty area and it is
occupied by people of the lowest income
group of the society.
5. Overcrowding :-
• The slum is overcrowded with buildings
or the buildings are overcrowded with
people or both conditions prevail in the
slums.

18. 7. Morals:-
• The socially disorganized slum may prove
to be an area of delinquency ,crime and
vice.
8. Social isolation :-
• The slum area is of the lowest social
status ,and it is usually linked up with the
rest of the community through its labour
force .

19. Effects Of Slums
Following are the bad effects of slums on
the town life:-
1. Health
2. Lack of amenities
3. Surrounding locality
4. Working conditions
5. Undesirable look

20. Health
• The environments not healthy and people
residing in slums are easily vulnerable to by
various diseases.

21. Lack of amenities
• Sufficient public facilities water supply,
drainage, sanitation, electricity etc. do not
exist.

22. Surrounding locality
• If location of institutions like school, hospital,
library etc are near to slum area then it affect
their working.

23. Working conditions
• The area being full of noise, traffic
congestions, smoke, darkness, fumes, it is not
possible to work peacefully in slums.
Undesirable look
• The slums spoil the aesthetic look of the city.

24. • In the slums there is complete absence of
social and cultural life.
• There is no open space of recreation, fresh air
etc in slums.
• The metal outlook of the slum dweller is
affected.
• He develops low moral character as such he is
easily attracted by vice, delinquency, crime
and activities like bootlegging, narcotics,
drugs, etc.

26. Slum Clearance
• Slum clearance may be defined as the
complete removal of slum area from the
city.
Objectives of slum clearance

27. • To improve living standards of people of the
slum area.
• To provide essential amenities like clean
drinking water , sanitation , clean surrounding
for healthy living.
• To prevent spread of epidemic in the town.
• To bring down social disparity among the
various classes of people .
• To improve the aesthetic of a town.
Objectives Of Slum Clearance

28. Difficulties in slum clearance
• Lack of resources.
• High cost of alternative sites near place of
work.
• Unwillingness of the slum dwellers to
move from slum area.
• Low rent paying capacity of the slum
dwellers.

29. Methods of slum clearance
1. Improvement method
2. Complete removal method
1. Improvement method
• This method is adopted where slums are
due to poor drainage system and
unhealthy conditions.

30. • Hence the drainage arrangement is
modified and improved.
• Public utility services like water , drainage ,
gas , electricity may be provided in slum
area.
• Few houses need some improvement to
make them more habitable.

31. Complete removal method
• In this method, the slum area is
completely cleaned out of the existing
locality.
• All the dilapidated structures are
demolished.
• Only such buildings which are really in
good condition are retained.
• The area thus cleaned up may be used as
open spaces and site for new buildings.

32. Prevention of slum formation
•Cheap housing:-Subsidized cheap
houses should made available to the
poor class of people by the
government.
•Construction of buildings:-Certain
rules and regulations may be framed
and strictly followed to restrict the
coming up of buildings of subnormal
standards.

33. •Compulsion to employers:-Large
companies or employers may be
compelled to provide housing
accommodation for their staff.
•Rent restriction:-The rent restriction
act is in force in many towns in many
town of our country.

34. • Maintenance and repairs:-
• The responsibility of maintenance and
repairs of building should be fixed and
defined in housing act.
• Social education:-
• Effective social education may help in
checking the growth of slumps and
reduces the poverty.

36. Brazil