This document discusses slums in India. It defines slums as overcrowded and decaying areas lacking basic amenities like water and sanitation. Rapid industrialization, population growth, lack of zoning laws, and poverty have contributed to slum formation. The 2011 Indian census found over 108,000 slum blocks housing about 93 million people, with some states like Andhra Pradesh having over 35% of urban households in slums. Efforts to rehabilitate slums include the Slum Rehabilitation Scheme and methods to either improve existing slum infrastructure or completely clear and rebuild areas. Overall, slums remain a major issue affecting quality of life for many in urban India.

1. PREPARED BY:-PREPARED BY:-
Karm BalarKarm Balar
ASST. Prof.ASST. Prof.
S.S.A.S.I.T.S.S.A.S.I.T.
S.S.A.S.I.T G.T.U
SHREE SWAMI ATMANAND SARASWATISHREE SWAMI ATMANAND SARASWATI
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SURATINSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SURAT
Building & Town planningBuilding & Town planning
1

2. OPM/September 2011 2

3. Slum Definition
A slum is an overcrowded area which is in an
advanced state of decay where dwelling are unfit for
human habitation.
It is an area where basic amenities like water
supply, drainage work, standard of living are
lacking.
Slums in India

4. Causes of slums
Rapid industrialization: people transfer to the industrial
zone.
Population growth: growth of population is high but growth
of construction Is less.
Lack of zoning: zoning is not taken by so many government so
that slum was happen.
Decentralization: because of this rich and middle people are
try to move at the rich areas a so that.
Lack of education
Poverty

5. Urban Population growth

6. Slum population has increased from 75M in 2001 to 93M in
2011.

7. Why do slums proliferate in India?
Income
inequality
Lack of economic
growth
In-migration
Poverty
Lack of affordable
housing
Slum
formation
Excessive/obsolete
regulations
Source: UN-Habitat (2003) Challenge of slums

8. Taken by Shohei Nakamura

9. How Slum Rehabilitation Scheme works?
1. Get agreement from at least 70% of slum dwellers
2. Shift slum dwellers into transit accommodation and demolish the slum
3. Build new tenements for slum dwellers
4. Build (and sell) sale components as many as the FSI of the land allows
FSI Limit
( FSI=3.0 in
slum areas)Rehabilitated
Components
Sale Components
5. Sell the rest of incentive FSI or use it in other project sites to the north of
this site = Transfer of Development Rights
TDR
Other
projects
Market
Slum

10. Taken by Shohei Nakamura

11. Taken by Shohei Nakamura

12. Taken by Shohei Nakamura

13. A Slum in Delhi

14. Identification of Slums in Census
• For the purpose of Census, slums have been categorized
and defined as of the following three types:
• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums

15. All notified areas in a town or city
notified as ‘Slum’ by State, UT
Administration or Local Government
under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’
• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums
Identification of Slums

16. All areas recognised as ‘Slum’ by State,
Administration or Local Government, Housing
and Slum Boards, which may have not been
formally notified as slum under any act
• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums
Identification of Slums

17. A compact area of at least 300 population or
about 60-70 households of poorly built
congested tenements, in unhygienic
environment usually with inadequate
infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and
drinking water facilities (Identified).
• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums
Identification of Slums

18. • Notified Slums 37,072
• Recognised Slums 30,846
• Identified Slums 40,309
Total: 1,08,227 Blocks
Number of Slum Blocks by Type of
Slums – India : Census 2011

19. Top/Bottom 5 States Reporting Slum Households
State
Proportion of Slum
HHs to Urban HHs
(%)
Andhra Pradesh 35.7
Chhattisgarh 31.9
Madhya Pradesh 28.3
Odisha 23.1
West Bengal 21.9
Top 5
States
Bottom 5 States
State
Proportion of
Slum HHs to
Urban HHs (%)
Chandigarh# 9.7
Gujarat 6.7
Jharkhand 5.3
Assam 4.8
Kerala 1.5

20. 20
Slum clearance
The slum clearance may be done by two methods…
Improvement method:
this method has added advantage of not causing much disturbance of the slum dwellers.
Slum are due to poor drainage system and un healthy condition.
In this drainage condition has improve and modified.
Public utility services like water, drainage, electricity, gas may be provided in the effected area.
Here house condition fairly good so this will get improvement or removed.
Complete removal method:
in this the congested are may be completely cleared out of the existing locality.
In this case the building which is really in good condition are remained as it is and all other
are pulled down.
Transit camps in the form of temporary building near the slum areas should be constructed
to accommodate those dishoused in the process of slum clearance.

21. Percentage
of Slum
HHs to
Total
Urban HHs

22. Waiting for Water Supply

23. 63.5% HHs in
Slums in India has
Mobile

24. Major slums around the world are found in Mumbai,
Rio de Janeiro, Kibera, and Jakarta.

26. 55% of the population of Mumbai live in slums,
which cover only 6% of the city’s land.

27. Over one billion people world wide live in slums
(statistics according to UN-HABITAT)

28. This means the 1 out of
each six people in the
world lives in a slum.

29. Slums in India
Taken by Shohei Nakamura

30. Slums in India
Taken by Shohei Nakamura

31. Slums in India
Taken by Shohei Nakamura

32. Slums in India
Taken by Shohei Nakamura

33. Taken by Shohei Nakamura