This document defines slums according to various organizations and censuses, and describes the characteristics and types of slums in India. It defines slums as informal settlements with substandard housing and lack of basic services, as per the Census of India, World Bank, and WHO. It also provides definitions from other sources. The document outlines the three main types of slums in India - notified, recognized, and identified slums. It describes the characteristics of slums such as overcrowding, lack of infrastructure, and insecure land tenure. Finally, it summarizes various government policies and schemes to address slums over different 5-year plans in India.

1. 1
SLUM DEFINTIONS, TYPOLOGY &
CHARATERISTICS

2. DEFINITION BYCENSUS OF INDIA
1. All areas notified as “Slum” by state/local Government and UT (Union Territories) administration
under particular slum act.
2. All areas recognized as “Slum” by state/local Government and UT (Union Territories)
administration, which have not formally notified as slum under the slum act.
3. A compact area at least 300 population or about 60-70 household of poorly built congested
tenements in unhygienic environment usually which inadequate infrastructure and lacking in
proper sanitary and drinking water facilities (Census of India: 2001)10.
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2
URDPFI GUIDELINES-
Slums are legal/ illegal substandard settlements with a lack of adequate
services .

3. 3
WORLD BANK
Informal settlements with poor quality housing, limited access to
services, high densities, and often insecure land tenure.
______________________________________________
WHO
Vast islands of informal economies, social exclusion, poor housing and
underdevelopment

4. 4
The National Housing Authority Of Thailand (NHA) defines
slum as:
A dirty, damp, swampy or unhealthy area with overcrowded buildings and
dwellings which can be harmful for health or lives or can be a source of
unlawful or immoral actions, with a minimum number of 30 housing units
per 1,600 square metres’
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The Bangkok Metropolitan Authority defines a slum as:
‘An overcrowded, non-orderly and dilapidated community with unample
[sic] environment which can be harmful to health and lives and with a
minimum of 15 housing units per area (1,600 square metres)’.

5. 5
DEFINITION OF SLUMS BYBergel
“Slums may be characterized as areas of sub – standard housing condition
within a city. A slum is always an area a single neglected building even in
the worst stage of deterioration does not make a slum”.
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Ford's definition of a slum is:
The slum is a residential area in which housing is so deteriorated, so
substandard, or so unwholesome as to be a menace to the health, safety,
morality or welfare of the occupants

6. DEFINITION OF SLUM BYMarshall Clinard
Slum have been commonly define as those portions of cities
in which housing is crowded, Neglected, deteriorated and
often obsolete” .
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ACCORDING TO RAO RATNA
“A physically deteriorated area where human beings
live an organized life of their own thought they are
economically poor”

7. Types of slums in India
• All notified areas in a town or city notified as ‘Slum’ by
State, UT Administration or Local Government under any
Act including a ‘Slum Act’.
Notified Slums
• All areas recognized as ‘Slum’ by State, UT Administration or Local
Government, Housing and Slum Boards
• It may have not been formally notified as slum under any act .Recognized Slums
• A compact area of at least 300 population or about 60-70 households
• poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienic environment usually
with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and
drinking water facilities (Identified).
Identified Slums
7

8. Number of Slum Blocks by Type of Slums –
India : Census 2011
8
NOTIFIED SLUMS=37,072
RECOGNISED SLUMS=30,846
IDENTIFIED SLUMS=40,309

9. 9
CHARACTERISTICS OF SLUMS
Lack of
basic
services
Substandard
housing or
illegal and
inadequate
building
structures:
Overcrowding
and high
density
Unhealthy
living
conditions
and
hazardous
locations
Insecure
tenure;
irregular or
informal
settlements:
Poverty and
social
exclusion
Minimum
settlement
size

10. SLUMS FORMATION
Slum
formation
Poverty
Income
inequality
Lack of
economic growth
Lack of
affordable housing
In-migration
10

11. POLICIES & SCHEMES FOR SLUMS

12. 1. Slum Rehabilitation Schemes (SRS) across
2. Ahmadabad: Role of an External Agency.
3. Environmental Improvement of Urban Slums (EIUS) and Slum Improvement Programme
(SIP) .
4. Urban Basic Services for Poor (UBSP)
5. The Low Cost Sanitation (LCS) Programme,
6. The Slum Networking Programme (SNP)3
7. The Sites and Services (S&S) Schemes
8. Slum Up gradation Programme (SUP)
9. Basic Services for the Urban Poor (BSUP) and the Integrated Housing and Slum
Development Programme (IHSDP)
10. Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY)
11. The National Slum Development Programme(NSDP)
12. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
13. Slum Areas (Improvement and Clearance) Act, 1956
SCHEMES
12

13. 13
5 YEAR PLANS

14. 14
1ST 5 YEAR PLAN
• Enacted by the central
government
• Housing and
rehabilitation of
refugees.
2nd 5 YEAR PLAN
• Rise in land values,
speculative buying of
lands in the proximity of
growing towns, high
rentals and the
development of slum
areas
• 1956, the Slums Areas
(Improvement and
Clearance) Act was
passed
3RD 5 YEAR PLAN
• Prime focus was the
"Slum Clearance, Slum
Improvement and
Construction of Night
Shelter

15. 4th 5 YEAR PLAN
• Urban Land Policy-
• Environment
Improvement of Urban
Slums (1972-73)
6TH 5 YEAR PLAN
• Slum improvement , low
cost water supply schemes,
small scale employment
generation , drainage and
sanitation, were the major
components
15
5TH 5 YEAR PLAN
•For infrastructural development
of cities with population over
300,000
•The sites and services scheme
for making serviced land
available to the poor was
launched in this plan period

16. 7th 5 YEAR PLAN
• “Radical (re)orientation of all
policies related to housing”
• Entrusted responsibility of
housing construction to the
private sector.
8TH 5 YEAR PLAN
• Convergence of all related
programmes, i.e. IDSMT,
housing and infrastructure
development programmes of
HUDCO, NRY and UBSP
• Educated Unemployed of
Employment Generation in
Urban Localities (SEEGUL)
9TH 5 YEAR PLAN
• Alleviation of urban poverty
and unemployment
• (JNNURM) ,2005 :
Preparation of CDP’s
• Accelerated development of
housing, particularly for the
low income groups
16

17. 17
10TH 5 YR PLAN
• The process of urban
reforms which tentatively
began
• The Mission is comprised of
two sub missions, namely,
Sub- Mission for Urban
Infrastructure and
Governance and Sub-
Mission on Basic Services to
the Urban Poor.
11TH 5 YR PLAN
• National Urban Housing and
Habitat Policy (NUHHP), 2007
• Affordable housing is made
available to EWS and LIG
population.
• Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar
Yojana (SJSRY)
12TH 5 YR PLAN
• Slum- up gradation as the
solution of choice
• Financial inclusion of the
urban poor
• Planning for urban poverty
alleviation
• Promotion of livelihoods
and skill development of the
urban poor
• Provision of a social safety
net to the chronically poor:

18. 18
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