Introduction to slums, Causes of Slum Development, Characteristics of slums, Effects of slums in Urban Area, Slum Clearance, Complete removal Method, Open Plot Scheme, Improvement method, Works of improvement, Slum Prevention, Preventive measures for slums, Difficulties in slum clearance program, Pradhanmantri Aawas Yojana.

1. Samirsinh P. Parmar
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Dharmasinh Desai University, Nadiad
Mail: spp.cl@ddu.ac.in, samirddu@gmail.com
Lecture- 8

2. Content
Introduction
Causes of Slums
Characteristics Of Slums
Effects Of Slums
Slum Clearance

3. These are commonly known as
 Bustees in Kolkata
 Cheries in Chennai
 Ahatas in U.P
.
 Jhoparpattis in Mumbai
 Jhuparpati in Gujrat

4. Town Planning & Slums

5. • A Slum is predominantly an overcrowded area which is in an advanced
stage of decay where dwelling are unfit for human habitation.
• It is like an area where the basic amenities like water supply, drainage,
for standard living are lacking, insanitary conditions prevail, and
diseases flourish.
• It is a poverty stricken area, where there is a high rate of birth, infant
mortality, illegitimacy, juvenile crime, delinquency and death, thus
representing a state of hell on the surface of earth.
Slum

6. Characteristics of Slums

7. Slum
• Slum is a menace to health, safety, mortality and general
welfare of inhabitants.
• The central Government in its slum area improvement act has
adopted the definition of slum as “Any predominantly
residential area where the dwelling which by reason of
dilapidation overcrowding, faulty arrangement of design,
lack of ventilation, light or Sanitary facility or any
combination of these factors are detrimental to safety,
health and morals”.

8. Slum

9. Slums:
• The areas characterized by sub standard housing
conditions within the city of some place outside the city are
known as the slums.
• Slums is always an area, a single neglected building, even in
the worst stage of deterioration, does not make a slum.

10. Characteristics of Slums

11. Causes of Slums ( In general)
• Poverty
• Absence of proper housing facility
• Migration
• Rapid raise of urban population
• Careless and neglect of house owners
• High rental rate in cities
• Lack of cheap transport system
• Unplanned growth of cities
• Negligence of govt. and municipality

12. Causes of Slums: Broader view
 Decentralization: rich and middle class people move out of the
extended portions of the town . Poor people are left unattended in the
overcrowded central area of the town.
 Economic conditions: Unemployment, growth of population, poverty
 Education: Easily dragged into social evil without any attention to
improvement of the living condition.
 Improper use of land: If the lands fit for particular use are utilized for
industries or vice versa the slums are formed.
 Industrialization: No proper planning of the houses of labor.

13. Slums
Characteristics of Slums

14. Causes of Slums: Broader view
Lake of zoning: If the town is not divided into the suitable zones and
development is allowed to take place at random, the slums may be created.
Migrants: The persons migrating from the surrounding areas may occupy,
usually illegally, the vacant or empty places in or out the city.
Power of local authority: If the local authority concerned does not possess
adequate powers to control the development of town, the slums may be
formed.
Lake of repair and maintenance: If cheap houses constructed by the land
owner for the purpose of collecting rents are not properly maintained, then the
slums may forms.

15. Slums
Characteristics of Slums

16. Characteristics of Slums

17. Characteristics of Slums
Appearance: The universal mark of the slum is its unpleasant
appearance. The structures appear to be deteriorated and to be over
aged.
Fire hazard: The slum area often exposed to fire accidents and
consequent damages. One stick of matches may prove to sufficient to
reduce the whole slum to ashes in no time.
Health and Sanitation: The slum is characterized by low standard of
sanitation and is often neglected most by the public service for
sanitation. Refers an area of high sickness and death rates.

18. Characteristics of Slums

19. Characteristics of Slums
 Overcrowding: The slum is overcrowded with buildings or the
buildings are overcrowded with people.
 Moral: The socially disorganized slum may prove to be an area of
criminal behavior.
 Income criteria: Poverty area and it is occupied by people of the
lowest group of the society.
 Social isolation: The slum area is of the lowest social status and it is
usually linked up with the rest of the community through its labor
force.

20. Dwelling Units of Slums

21. Effects Of Slums
Following are the bad effects of slums on the town life:-
1. Health
2. Lack of amenities
3. Surrounding locality
4. Working conditions
5. Undesirable look

22. Effects of Slums
The effect of slums are summarized as below:
• Absence of amenities:
• The Surrounding area of slums is lacking in essential amenities in
required proportion because of over- crowding.
• Health:
• The persons residing in slums are easily attacked by various types of
diseases. The climate of slums is such that it easily leads to unhealthy
conditions.
• Surrounding Locality:
• The working of institution like library, schools, hospitals, etc located
nearby slums, is seriously affected.

23. Effects of Slums
• Undesirable spots
• The slums are such on a city plan forms undesirable spots and in a
sense, disturbs the appearance of a city plan.
• Working Conditions
• It is not possible to work peacefully in slums because the whole
area is full of noise, traffic congestion, smoke, dust and darkness.
• In short a slum as such forms a black spot and spoils the healthy
environment of the city as a whole.

24. Slum Characteristics
Scarcity and Absence of Water supply No, or Dirty Sanitation Facility

25. No, or Dirty Sanitation Facility

27. • To improve living standards of people of the slum area.
• To provide essential amenities like clean drinking water ,
sanitation , clean surrounding for healthy living.
• To prevent spread of epidemic in the town.
• To bring down social disparity among the various classes of
people .
• To improve the aesthetic of a town.
Objectives Of Slum Clearance

28. Slum Clearance
• Slum clearance may be defined as the complete removal
of slum area from the city.

32. SlumArea Improvement

33. Slum Clearance

35. Methods of slum clearance
1. Improvement method
2. Complete removal method

38. Complete Removal Method

40. Multistory – Without maintenance and Overcrowding

41. Improvement Method

42. 1. Improvement method
• This method is adopted where slums are due to poor
drainage system and unhealthy conditions.
Hence the drainage arrangement is modified and improved.
• Public utility services like water , drainage , gas , electricity
may be provided in slum area.
• Few houses need some improvement to
make them more habitable.

44. Improvement Method

48. Points To Be Remembered In Slum
Clearance
• Amenities:
• In addition to widening of roads, the public utility services such as water,
drainage, and electricity should also be made adequate for the affected area.
• LegalAspects:
• The legal formalities required to be implemented for the slum
clearance should be strictly followed.
• The unnecessary haste results into serious legal complications, The legal
aspect include publication and circulation of the slum clearance
project, acquisition of lands, compensation for acquired properties,
arrangement for the evicted population, etc.

49. Points To Be Remembered In Slum
Clearance
Transit Camps :
• When the slum clearance scheme is taken in hand, the
person occupying the slum will have to be dishoused, the transit
camp in the form of semi- permanent or temporary
buildings are constructed in some other parts of the town to
accommodate such persons temporarily.

50. Points To Be Remembered In Slum
Clearance

51. Points To Be Remembered In Slum
Clearance
Unauthorized Person :
• To arrest the unauthorized persons to take
advantage during the transit period, it is desirable to
issue the slum dweller, a passbook containing the
complete details of a family. Such practice will
avoid falsification & impersonation of unauthorized
person.

52. Points To Be Remembered In Slum
Clearance

53. SlumArea in Indian Cities
• It is a sad state of affair that some of the worst slum in
the world can be found in major Indian cities like
Mumbai, Calcutta, Ahmadabad, Surat, Chennai and
Delhi.
• The slums are spreading very rapidly due to lack of
proper and effective town and country planning.

54. • Dharavi Slum Mumbai
• Nochikuppam Slum Chennai
• Basanti Slum Kolkata
• Rajendra Nagar Slum Bangalore
• Indiramma Nagar Hyderabad
• Saroj Nagar Slum Nagpur
• Mehbullahpur Slum Lucknow
• Parivartan Slum Ahmadabad: Approximately
440000 people live in slums within the city.
Ahmadabad is home to a large population of poor
peoples living on the river banks. River side slums
in Ahmadabad are about 40 yr old.
SlumArea in Indian Cities

55. • The problem of slums in Mumbai is very acute. The areas of
slum in Mumbai vary from fraction of a hectare to as many
as 24 hectare in kamathipura and about 132 hectares in
Dharavi.
• Dharavi is the biggest slum on the city map of Mumbai.
• Due to rapid growth and migration of population the slums have
considerably expanded in Calcutta, Chennai, Surat, etc.
SlumArea in Indian Cities

56. Dharavi, Mumbai

57. SlumArea in Indian Cities
• The Critical nature of the problem is demonstrated by the fact that 42 to 67 % of homes do
not have tap water
, 26 to 50 % homes do not have toilets.
• From recent study it is reflected that nearly 74.20 % of slum exists in 222 big towns and cities.
• With the limited resource available, the government and semi government bodies will
have to plan out intelligently slum clearance programmes to grant adequate and decent
housing to every human being.

58. SlumArea in Indian Cities

59. Difficulties in slum clearance
• Lack of resources.
• High cost of alternative sites near place of work.
• Unwillingness of the slum dwellers to move from slum area.
• Low rent paying capacity of the slum dwellers.

60. Prevention
Of
Slum
Formation
If we know the root cause of development of slums,
we can prevent it

62. Prevention Of Slum
• The formation of slum is a very slow process and extreme care
should be exercised by the authority to prevent the springing up of
new slums in the town.
• Some of the important measures which can be taken to prevent the
slum formation.
• Cheap Housing
• Sufficient no of cheap housing should be made available to the poor
people.

63. Cheap Housing

64. Prevention Of Slum
• Compulsion T
o Employers
• The employer of a good number of laborers may be compelled or
forced to provide housing accommodation for their staff.
• Construction of Buildings
• Certain rules and regulations may be framed and strictly enforced to
restrict the coming up of buildings of subnormal standards

65. Prevention Of Slum
• MaintenanceAnd Repair
• The responsibility of maintenance and carrying out repair should be fixed
and defined in housing codes or acts. It then becomes the duty of landlord
or tenant to keep existing building in a good condition.
• Rent Restriction
• If provisions is made torestrict the increase of rent, tenentants will be
protected.

66. Prevention Of Slum
• Social Education
• It is possible to check the growth of slums by carrying out effective social education of
the slum dwellers, the social education makes the slum dweller conscious of the evils of the
slum, and a great improvement in the living standard of slum dwellers could be achieved.
• Unauthorized Construction
• It is absolute necessary to arrest immediately the unauthorized construction in
the form of huts and temporary structures on vacant piece of land.
• The authorities concerned should take drastic action in demolishing
and removing such unauthorized construction.

67. Social Education

68. Prevention Of Slum

69. Pradhan MantriAwas Y
ojana

70. प्रधानमंत्री आवास योजनना