I prepared this presentation for my university course named Urban and Regional Planning, i hope it'll help other students as well. Thanks

1. SLUMS
MUDASSIR HAQQANI
COURSE: URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING

2. SLUMS

3. INTRODUCTION
• Slum is a predominantly overcrowded area where dwelling are unfit for human
habitation.
• UN-Habitat defines a slum household as a group of individuals living under
the same roof in an urban area who lack one or more of the following:
• Durable housing of a permanent nature that protects against extreme
climate conditions.
• Sufficient living space (not more than three people sharing the same room).
• Easy access to safe water and sanitation in the form of a private or public
toilet shared by a reasonable number of people.

4. SLUMS IN DHAKA
BANGLADESH

5. SLUMS IN BRAZIL

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF SLUMS
• The Slums are unpleasant on the eyes, the structures appear to be
deteriorated and to be of over-age.
• The standards of sanitation are very low in slums, the sickness and death
rates are very high.
• The slum is overcrowded with buildings and the buildings are overcrowded
with people.
• The slum is an area of the poor, occupied by people with the lowest
income.
• Extreme poverty means high crime rate and disorganized masses.

7. GLOBAL URBAN POPULATION LIVING IN
SLUMS

8. CAUSES THAT CREATE SLUM
1. URBANIZATION:
• The formation of slums is closely linked to urbanization.
• Urbanization might also force some people to live in slums when it influences land use by
transforming agricultural land into urban areas and increases land value.
• The transformation of agricultural land also provides surplus labor, as peasants have to
seek jobs in urban areas as rural-urban migrant workers.
2. POOR HOUSING PLANNING
• Lack of affordable low cost housing and poor planning encourages the supply side of
slums.
• Insufficient financial resources and lack of coordination in government bureaucracy are two
main causes of poor housing planning.

9. CAUSES THAT CREATE SLUM(CONT.)
3. POOR INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC STAGNATION:
• Poor infrastructure forces the poor to adapt to conditions beyond his or her control. Poor
families that cannot afford transportation, or those who simply lack any form of affordable
public transportation, generally end up in squat settlements within walking distance or
close enough to the place of their formal or informal employment.
• A growing economy that creates jobs at rate faster than population growth, offers people
opportunities and incentive to relocate from poor slum to more developed neighborhoods.
Economic stagnation, in contrast, creates uncertainties and risks for the poor, encouraging
people to stay in the slums.

10. CAUSES THAT CREATE SLUM(CONT.)
4. POVERTY:
• Urban poverty encourages the formation and demand for slums. With rapid shift from rural
to urban life, poverty migrates to urban areas. The urban poor arrives with hope, and very
little of anything else. They typically have no access to shelter, basic urban services and
social amenities. Slums are often the only option for the urban poor.
5. SOCIAL CONFLICTS AND NATURAL DISASTERS:
• Slums are formed as the result of social conflicts or wars as well as well as natural disasters
in poor nations.
• People escape their houses to temporary tent cities and slums which eventually tend to
become permanent because the residents do not want to leave because their houses are
damaged and they cannot afford to rebuild them.

11. COUNTERMEASURES
1. SLUM REMOVAL
• This strategy for dealing with slums is rooted in the fact that slums typically start illegally on
someone else’s land property, and they are not recognized by the state. As the slum
started by violating another's property rights, the residents have no legal claim to the land.
• Slum clearance removes the slum, but it does not remove the causes that create and
maintain the slum.

12. COUNTERMEASURES(CONT.)
2. SLUM RELOCATION
• Slum relocation strategies rely on removing the slums and relocating the slum poor to free
semi-rural peripheries of cities, sometimes in free housing.
• This strategy ignores several dimensions of a slum life. The strategy sees slum as merely a
place where the poor lives.

13. COUNTERMEASURES(CONT.)
3. SLUM UPGRADING
• Some governments have begun to approach slums as a possible opportunity to urban
development by slum upgrading.
• The approach seeks to upgrade the slum with basic infrastructure such as sanitation, safe
drinking water, safe electricity distribution, paved roads, rain water drainage system, and
bus/metro stops.
• The assumption behind this approach is that if slums are given basic services and tenure
security – that is, the slum will not be destroyed and slum residents will not be evicted, then
the residents will rebuild their own housing.

14. BIGGEST SLUMS IN WORLD
• Khayeltisha, Cape Town, South Africa
• Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya
• Dharavi, Mumbai, India
• Orangi Town, Karachi, Pakistan
• Neza-Chalco-Itza, Mexico City, Mexico

15. SLUMS IN PAKISTAN
1. ORANGI TOWN, KARACHI, PAKISTAN
• Widely cited as Asia’s largest slum, Orangi Town is believed to be home to around 2.4
million people according to the report although the exact figure remains unknown.
• The settlement’s population exploded in the early 1970s, when thousands of people
migrated from East Pakistan after the 1971 war of independence.

16. SLUMS IN PAKISTAN(CONT.)
2. MACHAR COLONY
• Machar Colony (or Machiara Colony) is one of the biggest slums in Karachi where many
people in are involved in the fishing industry.
• Machar Colony's total population is estimated to be over 700,000 people which includes
several ethnic groups like Bengalis, Muhajirs, Sindhis, Punjabis, Kashmiris, Memons, Ismailis
and Christians etc.

17. THE END