This document summarizes muscle physiology, including: 1. The functions of muscle tissue such as movement, stability, and respiration. 2. The properties of muscle tissue including excitability, conductivity, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity. 3. The types and classifications of muscles as well as the roles of agonist and antagonist muscles. 4. Key aspects of muscle anatomy and the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction.

1. Muscle PhysiologyByS3B.N.Y.S(2nd Year)S-VYASA University

2. Contents…IntroductionFunctions of muscle tissueProperties of muscle tissueTypes of musclesAgonist and antagonistAnatomy of skeletal muscleNeuromuscular junctionSliding Filament Mechanism of Muscle ContractionTone of the MuscleStretch ReflexGolgi TendonQuestionsBibliography

3. Latin- Musculus (Mouse)Muscle is a contractile tissue It contains contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cellIntroduction…

4. MovementStabilityThermogenesisBody movementRespirationConstriction of organs and vesselsHeart beatFunctions of Muscle Tissue

5. Excitabilitycapable of response to chemical signals, stretch or other signals & responding with electrical changes across the plasma membraneConductivitylocal electrical change triggers a wave of excitation that travels along the muscle fiberContractility -- shortens when stimulatedExtensibility -- capable of being stretchedElasticity -- returns to its original resting length after being stretchedProperties of Muscle tissue

6. Types of muscles

7. AgonistAntagonistClassification of skeletal muscle

8. Moves a body segment in the intended direction causes a movementAgonist

9. Muscle opposing the agonists, acts in the opposite directionAntagonist

11. Anatomy of skeletal muscle

14. Actin

15. Myosin

16. Neuromuscular Junction

18. Sliding Filament Mechanism of Muscle Contraction

28. mu

29. Tone of the Muscle

30. Natural firmness of muscles when they are not flexedTightness of a muscleSome fibers are always contractedHypertoniaAtoniaTone of the Muscle

31. Isotonic contractionIsometric contractionContractions based on tone

32. Stretch Reflex

33. Intrafusal muscle fibersare skeletal muscle fibres that comprise the muscle spindle and are innervated by gamma motor neurons. These fibers are proprioceptors that detect the amount and rate of change of length in a muscle. These fibers are walled off from the rest of the muscle by a collagen sheath. This sheath has a spindle or "fusiform" shape, hence the name "intrafusal."Intrafusal Muscle Fibre

34. Extrafusal muscle fiber is a term given to standard muscle fibers as to distinguish them from intrafusal muscle fibers. Extrafusal muscle fibers are innervated by alpha motor neuron and generate tension by contracting, thereby allowing for skeletal movement.Extrafusal Muscle Fibers

35.  motor neuron supply intrafusal fibersWhen a muscle is stretched stretch receptors in the intrafusal fibres are stimulatedImpulse is transmitted to the spinal cord motor neuron is stimulated muscle is contractedStretch Reflex

36. Golgi Tendon

37. Sensory receptor that inhibits tension development in a muscle and initiates tension development in the antagonist musclesKEY: sense tensionstimulated by the presence of active tension in a muscleGolgi Tendon Organ

38. Inhibits muscle tension in the muscle generating too much force and initiates development of muscle tension in the antagonist muscle (excites)Golgi Tendon Organ- Action

39. Questions

40. Textbook of Medical Physiology -Guyton & Hallwww.youtube.comBibliography