Six Sigma is a data-driven approach to process improvement that focuses on reducing defects. It aims for near perfect processes by minimizing variability. Six Sigma follows the DMAIC model - Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control - to systematically improve processes. Belts are internal experts who assist teams, including Green Belts who spend part-time on projects and Black Belts who lead projects full-time, mentored by Master Black Belts. Six Sigma has helped many companies significantly improve performance and quality.

2. Fahad Sattar (06)

4. Six Sigma
“is a comprehensive and flexible system for
achieving, sustaining and maximizing business
success by minimizing defects and variability in
process.
It relies on TQM.
TQM:
A philosophy that stress on three principles for high
performance and quality of process.
 Customer satisfaction
 Employee involvement
Continues improvement in performance.

5. Six Sigma
having less than 3.4 defects per million
opportunities or a success rate of 99.9997% where sigma
is a term used to represent the variation about the process
average .
Why is it called as six sigma?
It is called six sigma because of the basic idea
that if we have standard deviations between the process
mean and specific limit then every item will meet the
standard of that product.

6. Steps in Six Sigma
Understanding the customers needs
Disciplined use of facts, data and statistical analysis
 Diligent attention to managing, improving and
reinventing business process.

7. * *
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Process average Ok:
Too much variation
Process variability Ok:
Process off target
Reduce
speed
Center
process
Process on
target with
low variability
Six sigma approach focuses on reducing speed and centering the process.

8. Importance of Six Sigma
Focuses on reducing variation in process
Centering the process on their target measures of
performance
Flaw-too much variation or an off-target process,
degrades the performance of the process.
Example of six sigma is mortgage department of
a bank.

9. A five steps procedure that leads to improvements in process
performance.
The model can be applied to
 Projects involving incremental improvements to processes
 Projects requiring major changes
 redesign of an existing process
 development of a new process

10. Six Sigma Improvement model
Steps:

11. 1 Define:
Determine the characteristics of the process’s output
that are critical to customer satisfaction
Identify the gaps between the characteristics and the
process capabilities
Get a picture of the current process by documenting it
using flowcharts and process charts.

12. 2 Measure:
Quantify the work process does that affects
the gap.
Select what to measure, identify data sources
and prepare a data collection plan.

13. 3 Analyze:
Use the data on measures to perform process analysis
Apply tools such scatter diagrams, cause-and-effect
diagrams and the statistical control tools
Determine where improvements are necessary.
Establish procedures to make the desired outcome
routine.

14. 4 Improve:
Modify or redesign the existing modes to meet the
new performance objectives
Implement the changes.
5 Control:
Monitor the process to make sure that high
performance levels are maintained.
Once again use data analysis tools to control the
process.

15. Belts
Successful firms using six sigma develop a cadre of internal
teachers who than are responsible for teaching and assisting teams
involved in a process improvement project, these teachers are
called BELTS.
Types Of Belts:
1) Green Belts
2) Black Belts
3) Master Black Belts

16. Types Of Belts:
1 Green Belts:
Are the employees who achieved the first level of
training in a six sigma program, spend a part of his/her
time teaching and helping teams with their projects and
rest of the time they do their assigned duties.

17. Types Of Belts:
2 Black Belts:
Are the employees who have reached the highest
level of training in six sigma program and spend all of
their time teaching and leading teams involved in six
sigma program.
3 Master Black Belts:
Are full time teachers who review and mentors
black belts.