Six Sigma is a quality management methodology focused on process improvement through the reduction of defects and variability, aiming for 3.4 defects per million opportunities. It involves a disciplined approach driven by customer needs and statistics, utilizing tools like DMAIC and DMADV for process improvement and product design. Developed by Motorola in the mid-1980s, Six Sigma has been adopted by many companies worldwide to enhance quality and efficiency.

1. QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
SIX SIGMA
DEEKSHITHA H S
DEPARTMENT OF QUALITY
ASSURANCE

2. Six sigma
• Six sigma is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement
Six sigma has 3 distinct elements to its definitions:
 A MEASURE : A statistical definition of how far process deviates from perfection .
 A TARGET :3.4 defects per million opportunities .
 A PHILOSOPHY : A long term business strategy focused on the reduction of cost through the
reduction of variability in products and processes .
 Six sigma is uniquely driven by close understanding of customer needs ,disciplined use of facts
data and statistical analysis ,and diligent attention to managing ,improving and reinventing
business processes .

3. History of Six sigma
 In mid 1980’s engineers in Motorola in the USA used six sigma an informal name for an in
house initiative for reducing defects in production processes ,because it represented a suitably
high level of quality .
 Sir Bill smith ,the father of six sigma introduced this quality improvement methodology to
Motorola .
 It is a quality management program developed by Motorola.
 The approach was based on the methods taught by W. Edwards Deming, Walter
Shewhart and Ronald Fisher among many others. Hundreds of companies around the world
have adopted Six Sigma as a way of doing business.

4. Definition
six sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the
causes of defects .
• Six sigma approach is a collection of managerial and statistical concept and techniques that
focuses on reducing variation in processes and preventing deficiencies in product .
• The concept of variation states that NO TWO ITEMS WILL BE PERFECTLY
IDENTICAL
• In a process that has achieved six sigma capability ,the variation is small compared to the
range of specification limit .
• Six sigma process is one which 99.9999966% of the products manufactured are
statistically expected to be free of defects .
• Six sigma is a very clever way of branding and packaging many aspects ofTOTAL
QUALITY MANAGEMENT .

6. Objectives :
Six Sigma strategies seek to improve the quality of the output of a
process by identifying and removing the causes of defects and
minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes .
Six sigma is a business statistical Strategy used to identifying
defects and removing them from the process of products to improve
quality.
Statistical measure to objectively evaluate processes.
Overall business improvement
Remedy defects or variability
Reduce cost
Improve cycle time
Increase customer satisfaction

7. Management philosophy focused on business process
improvements to:
1. Eliminate waste, rework, and mistakes
2. Increase customer satisfaction
3. Increase profitability and competitiveness.
Five Key Six Sigma Principles
Six Sigma success is based on five key principles:
• Focusing on customer requirements
• Using extensive measurement and statistical analysis to understand
how work gets done and to identify the root cause of problems
(variations)
• Being proactive in eliminating variation and continually improving the
process
• Involving people in Six Sigma cross-functional teams
• Being thorough and being flexible

8. Six Sigma Quality Management Tools
• A variety of tools can be used to support Six Sigma, including Value Stream Mapping (VSM),
Capability Analysis, 5 Whys, Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA), and Statistical Process Control
(SPC).
• VSMs are visual maps or flowcharts that enable businesses to understand every aspect of a
process and define potential problems.
• CapabilityAnalyses measure the ability of a process to meet a business’s needs.
• FiveWhys enable businesses to hone in on a problem’s root cause and fix it, rather than
addressing surface-level issues that temporarily improve a situation. Doing what its name
suggests, FiveWhys requires workers to ask “why” until the root cause of a problem is
identified.
• PDCA is a lean tool that solves problems using four steps: Plan, Do,Check, Act. Once a root
cause is identified, this tool allows it to be addressed systematically by creating a solution,
testing it, reviewing its success, and finally implementing it.
• SPC is a quality control tool that monitors and controls a process by tracking its metrics.

9. Six sigma

11. DMAIC
• It refers to a data-driven quality strategy for improving processes. This methodology is used
to improve an existing business process.
• Define − Define the problem , project goal , the voice of the customer and their requirements,
specifically .
• Measure − Measure the problem and process from which it was produced.
• Analyze − Analyze data and process to determine root causes of defects and opportunities.
• Improve − Improve the process by finding solutions to fix, diminish and prevent future
problems.
• Control − Implement, control, and sustain the improvements solutions to keep the process
on the new course.

12. DMADV
• It refers to a data-driven quality strategy for designing products & processes. This
methodology is used to create new product designs or process designs in such a way that it
results in a more predictable, mature and defect free performance.
• Define − Define the Problem or Project design Goal that needs to be addressed.
• Measure − Measure and determine customers needs, Measure and identify CTQs
(characteristics that are Critical To Quality), product capabilities, production process
capability, and risks.
• Analyze − Analyze the process to meet the customer needs and to develop , design
alternatives.
• Design − Design a process that will meet customers needs and Design an improved
alternative, best suited per analysis in the previous step
• Verify − Verify the design performance and ability to meet customer needs.

13. Focus of Six Sigma

14. References :
• https://www.graphicproducts.com/articles/six-sigma-principles/
• six-sigma%20
• The Quality Management Sourcebook by Christine Avery and Diane zabel.
• Juran’s Quality Handbook fifth edition
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six _sigma
• Quality management hand book