2. CONTENTS
SIX SIGMA : INTORDUCTION
ROLE OF SIX SIGMA
IMPLEMENTATION OF SIX SIGMA
DMAIC Methodology
DMADV Methodology
SIPOC Methodology
BENEFITS OF SIX SIGMA
4. SIX SIGMA: INTRODUCTION
Business Improvement Approach
Focus of Six Sigma1
Reducing variability in key product quality
characteristics to the level at which failure or defects
are extremely unlikely
Tasks through 6σ achieved in corporate business1:
Improving quality critical for customers
Reducing costs
Objectives of Six Sigma program: Enhanced
product quality, yield and cost – all of which, in
turn, improve customer satisfaction2
5. SIX SIGMA
Six Sigma is a set of process improvement techniques
and tools in statistical quality control, mainly applied to
make customer happier and increase profits
6. Nσ DPMO* YIELD
1σ 691462 30.8538
2σ 308538 69.1462
3σ 66807 93.3193
4σ 6210 99.3790
5σ 233 99.9767
6σ 3.4 99.9997
* Defects per Million
Oppurtunity
The term “Sigma (б)” refers to measure of
variation.
7. SIX SIGMA: HISTORY
Dr Mikel J Harry wrote a paper relating early failures to Quality
in 1986
Bill Smith introduced it at his workplace while working as an
engineer at Motorola,USA in 1986
Jack Welch made it central to his business strategy at
General Electric,USA in 1995 and made the concept was
popularized
9. Criterias for Applying Six
Sigma
Project Impact on the bottom line : “$” Profit
Justification to the Quality Gained
Applications – Does it need the SIX SIGMA ?
11. ROLE OF SIX SIGMA
OBJECTIVES OF 6σ :
Improve customer satisfaction
Improve quality of product and service
Reduce process cycle time
Overall cost saving
Development of Staff Skill
Eliminating Waste or Defects
WHERE 6σ IS USED
Manufacturing and service industries
Sales and marketing
Accounting and financing
13. STEPS DEFINITION TOOLS USED
Define Define the problem or project goal that
needs to be addressed
•FMEA
•Process Flow Chart
•Value Added Flow Chart
Measure Measure the current performance in
various aspects. It is a data collection
step
•MSA
•SPC
•Histogram and Pareto
Chart
Analysis Analyse the process to determine root
causes of variation, poor
performance(defects)
• DoE
•Why-5
•Cause and Effect Diagram
Improve Improve process performance by
addressing and eliminating the root
causes
•5S
•TPM
•Kaizen
Control Control improved process and future
process performance
•Control Plan
•Standardized Work
•Check Sheet
•SPC
DMAIC
14. STEPS DEFINITION
Define Define design goals that are consistent with customer
demands and the enterprise strategy
Measure Measure and identify CTQs (characteristics that are Critical To
Quality), measure product capabilities, production process
capability, and measure risks.
Analysis Analyze to develop and design alternatives
Define Design an improved alternative, best suited per analysis in the
previous step
Verify Verify the design, set up pilot runs, implement the production
process and hand it over to the process owner(s)
DMADV
The DMADV methodology, instead of the DMAIC methodology, should be
used when:
A product or process is not in existence at your company and one needs
to be developed
The existing product or process exists and has been optimized but still
15. SIPOC
SIPOC is a high-level view of a process
Lean – Six Sigma Approach
16. SIX SIGMA: BENEFITS
Enhanced ability to provide value to customer
Enhanced understanding of business processes
Reduction of Waste
Improved profit performance
Make customer happier
17. Summary
Dr. W. Edwards Deming proposed to eliminate slogans
and programs to improve quality, rather he advised to
work to improve the system and provide information on
that.1
Six Sigma is the improvement process in which various
techniques and tools are used to decrease variability in
production and increase profit with statistical quality
control,
DMAIC and DMADV are six sigma implementation
methodologies inspired by Sir Deming’s Plan-Do-Check-
Act cycle
18. Questions
Explain Six Sigma and its objectives ?
Enlist Six Sigma methodologies and explain
DMAIC ?
19. References
1. Douglas C. Montgomery, Introduction To Statistical Quality
Control, John Wiley & Sons, Fourth Edition, Pg. 23
2. Mikel J. Harry, The Nature of Six Sigma Quality, Motorola Inc.,
1986.