The sinuses produce mucus to moisturize the inside of the nose and protect it from pollutants. Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinus tissue lining caused by blockage that allows germs to grow and cause infection. Common causes of sinusitis include colds, allergies, nasal polyps, and smoking. Symptoms vary between acute (lasting 2-4 weeks), subacute (4-12 weeks), and chronic (over 12 weeks), and can include facial pain, congestion, and headaches. Treatment involves nasal decongestants, steam, saline irrigation, and in severe cases, sinus surgery procedures like balloon sinuplasty or Caldwell-Luc surgery.

1. SHAMYA ASEERVATHAM
GROUP 4A

2.  The sinuses lighten the skull or improve our voices, but their main function is to
produce a mucus that moisturizes the inside of the nose. This mucus layer
protects the nose from pollutants, micro-organisms, dust and dirt.

3.  Sinusitis is an inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses.
Healthy sinuses are filled with air. But when they become blocked and filled with
fluid, germs can grow and cause an infection.

4.  Common cold
 Allergic rhinitis, which is swelling of the lining of the nose
 Small growths in the lining of the nose called nasal polyps
 A deviated septum, which is a shift in the nasal cavity
 Bacterial or viral infection
 Smoking
 Maybe a symptom for major lung diseases, example cystic fibrosis

5.  Acute sinusitis usually starts with
cold-like symptoms such as a runny,
stuffy nose and facial pain. It may
start suddenly and last 2-4 weeks.
 Subacute sinus inflammation usually
lasts 4 to 12 weeks.
 Chronic inflammation symptoms last
12 weeks or longer.
 Recurrent sinusitis happens several
times a year.
 Frontal sinusitis
 Ethmoidal sinusitis
 Maxillary sinusitis
 Sphenoid sinusitis

6.  ACUTE SINUSITIS:
 Pain in the forehead or between the
eyes
 Upper teeth ache
 Face feeling full, nose stuffy and
congested
 CHRONIC SINUSITIS:
 A feeling of congestion or fullness in
your face
 A nasal obstruction or nasal blockage
 Pus in the nasal cavity
 Fever
 Runny nose or discolored postnasal
drainage
 May also have headaches, bad
breath, and tooth pain.

7.  Nasal decongestants-These sprays open swollen nasal passages and allow the
sinuses to drain. But should use these drugs only for a few days.
 Steam vapourizer
 Saline irrigation
 Avoiding cold environment
 Analgesics-Ibuprofen,acetaminophen

8.  Balloon sinuplasty is a type of endoscopic nasal surgery. It uses small balloon
catheters that inflate to drain the large nasal sinuses.
 Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive surgical
treatment which uses nasal endoscopes to enlarge the nasal drainage pathways of
the paranasal sinuses to improve sinus ventilation.
 Caldwell-Luc surgery, Caldwell-Luc operation, also known as Caldwell-Luc
antrostomy, and Radical antrostomy, is an operation to remove irreversibly
damaged mucosa of the maxillary sinus. It is done when maxillary sinusitis is not
cured by medication or other non-invasive technique