1st year nose n para nasal sinus by dr.meher

1. CLINICAL OF NOSE

2. Sinus infections refer to the inflammation of the para-
nasal cavities caused by irritation of the sinus
membranes.
Sinus cavities get irritated / infected
Overproduction of mucus
Sinus cavity openings may swell and block
Blocked/congested
Any accumulated mucus can become a haven for
bacteria propagation
Unbearable pain
SINUSITIS

3.  Acute, which last for 3 weeks or less
 Chronic, which usually last for 3 to 8 weeks but can
continue for months or even years
 Recurrent, which are several acute attacks within a
year Sinusitis can be classified based on which
sinus cavities it affects:
 Antritis/ maxillary sinusitis
 Ethmoiditis / ethmoid sinusitis.
 Sphenoiditis, sphenoid
 Frontal sinusitis

4.  Symptoms of Sinusitis
 location of pain depends on which sinus is affected.
 Headache when you wake up in the morning is
typical of a sinus problem.
 Infection in the maxillary sinuses can cause your
upper jaw and teeth to ache and your cheeks to
become tender to the touch.
 Fever ,Weakness ,Tiredness etc.
 A cough that may be more severe at night.
 Runny nose (rhinitis) or nasal congestion .
 postnasal drip.

5. GENERAL
MEASURES:
 Drinking plenty of fluids to thin the secretions and
keep them flowing.
 Hot showers to loosen the mucus.
 Alternate hot and cold compresses- place the hot
compress across your sinuses for 3 minutes, then
the cold compress for 30 second.
 Nasal irrigation

6. OROANTRAL FISTULA

7. NOSEBLEED (EPISTAXIS)
 Traumatic
 Iatrogenic
 Inflammatory
 Foreign bodies
 Trauma (including nose picking)
allergy
 Benign & malignant neoplasms
 Anterior nasal bleed
 Posterior nasal bleed

8. General measures:
 The nostrils are compressed against the nasal
septum.
 The patient is told not to swallow blood running
down the pharynx.
 The patient is kept in an upright posture
 An ice bag can be placed on the back of the
neck to induce reflex vasoconstriction.
Treatement
 Anterior nasal bleed is treated by packing the
area with gauze soaked in L.A, by using
electrocautery, or with silver nitrate
 If bleeding persists anterior nasal packing is
performed.

9. ANTERIOR NASAL
PACKING
posterior nasal packin
If it is posterior nasal
bleed, posterior nasal
packing has to be done.
Reliable method is by
using Foleys catheter.

10. CYSTIC FIBROSIS
 Cystic fibrosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology affecting the mucus producing
exocrine glands of upper respiratory tract, liver, pancreas, intestine and the non-mucus
producing salivary and sweat glands.
 The abnormal secretions produced may lead to
• disease in any of the involved organ systems.
 The paranasal sinuses are ultimately involved with the viscous secretions generally result in
chronic pansinusitis.

11. RHINITIS
 Seasonal/Acute:
Itching, Sneezing,
Rhinorrhea.
 Perennial/Chronic:
The blocked nose
 Main causative
organisms –
Rhinoviruses
coronaviruses

12. ALLERGIC RHINITIS
local manifestation of an allergic reaction.

13. SEPTAL DEVIATION

14. NASAL FRACTURES
 Type I – inferior one half of nasal bones.
 Type II –entire nasal bone separated at nasofrontal
suture.
 Type III –nasal bones and frontal process of
maxilla.
 Type IV – nasal bones frontal process of maxilla.
nasal spine of frontal bone and ethmoid bone.
 ASCH FORCEPS.