Shoulder dystocia is an obstetric emergency that occurs when the baby's anterior shoulder becomes trapped behind the pubic bone during childbirth after delivery of the head. Risk factors include previous shoulder dystocia, large baby size (macrosomia), diabetes, and certain complications during labor like prolonged pushing. Diagnosis involves difficulty delivering the baby's head or shoulders with normal traction. Management begins by calling for help and stopping pushing, and uses maneuvers like McRoberts position and suprapubic pressure to widen the pelvis and disimpact the shoulder. If these fail, internal maneuvers are attempted to rotate the baby before considering more extreme options. Complications can include maternal and fetal injuries.