This presentation summarizes polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a complex hormonal disorder common in women of reproductive age, characterized by enlarged ovaries with small cysts, irregular periods, and excess androgen. The presentation covers the definition, epidemiology, types, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, management, and complications of PCOS. Key points include that PCOS can be inflammatory, post-pill, insulin resistance or adrenal-related, and treatment involves lifestyle changes, medication, and surgery depending on symptoms.

1. Presentation on
TOPIC:- POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Submitted To :-
Mrs. Snehlata Parashar
(lecturer OBG)
Submitted By :-
Miss Muskan Mathur
B.Sc. nursing 4th yr)

2.  Introduction
 Definition
 Epidemiology
 Types
 Risk factors and causes
 Pathophysiology
 Clinical features
 Diagnostic evalution
 Management
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3. Polycystic ovarian syndrome { PCOD } is a
complex endocrine disorder associated with
long term anovulation and an excess of
androgen circulation in blood.
In PCOS womenʹs sex hormones are out of
balance which leads to the growth of ovarian
cysts.
First described in 1935 by american
gynaecologist Irving F Stein and Michael L
Leventhal .
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4.  The PCOS is formation of cysts in the ovaries
or dysfunction of ovaries along with cardinal
features of LH hyper-secretion, ovarian
hyper-androgenism, hyper-insulinemia,
reduced fertility.
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5.  In this condition both the ovaries have multiple
small cysts with thickened tunica albuginea and
hyperplasia of the theca cell.
 The cyst is usually 5-10mm and total size of the
ovary may be three times that of normal size.
There is thickening of the ovarian stroma. There
is no dominant follicle.
 The patients usually present when they are young
but disease can be seen at anytime the during
the childbearing age.
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6. polycystic ovarian syndrome 6

7.  The most common endocrine disorder in
reproductive age 4~20% of women in
worldwide.
 A statistical report by frutterweit 50~70% are
unaware.
 In 2021 today prevalence rate 22.5% or every
one woman in five suffers from PCOS in india
due to obese.
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10. 1
•Inflammatory PCOS
2
•Post pill PCOS
3
•Insulin resistance PCO
4
•Adrenal PCOS
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11. it happens when the immune system tries to protect
against foreign body but when it become
overreacted create such condition.
It is due to inflammation,ovulation is prevented,
hormones get imbalanced and androgen produced. It
can caused by stress.
 Long term chronic inflammation
 Irritable bowel syndrome
 Unexplained fatigue
 Headache
 Join pain
 Skin condition
 Food sensitivities
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12. This type is the second most common PCOS. It
gets developed due to the birth control pills
which suppress ovulation.
 Temporary surge of androgens
 Ovulation suppression
 LH incresed
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13. This is most common type of PCOS. It
caused by smoking pollution and trans fat.
It affect up to 70% of all pcos. In this your
cell not recognise that insulin exists in the
body,causing insulin rise over time and
cause the following:
 Irregular periods
 Excess weight
 Hormonal acne
 Hirsutism
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14. This type of PCOS is due to an abnormal
stress response and affects around 10% of
those diagnosed. This caused by excessive
androgen by ovary.
 some symptoms of inflammatory PCOS
 tests will show elevated
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEAS)
 normal levels of testosterone.
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15.  - unknown
 - irregular periods
 - low level of progesterone
 - genetic factor
 - increased insulin resistance
 - bad dietary choice
 - liver dysfunction
 - stress & genetic mutation in autosomal chromosomes
 - obesity
 - hypothyroidism
 - excessive androgen
 - imbalance LH & FSH
 - diabetes
 - HTN
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18.  Increasing obesity, especially central obesity.
 Menstrual abnormalities in the form of oligomenorrhea,
amenorrhea, or dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
 Infertility
 Hirsutism (hair growth on womanʹs face)
 Acne
 Weight gain
 Dark patches of skin
 pelvic pain
 fatigue
 depression
 increased Blood Pressure
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20. 1. Biochemical tests:
 FSH LH
 Testosterone
 Thyroid function test
 Sugar test
 Lipid profie
 Cortisol
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21. 2. Radiological test
 Ultrasound scan
 CT Scan
 MRI Scan
3. Histology
 Endometrial biopsy
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23.  No universal treatment for PCOS is available.
 Conservative treatment ;
 Mild hyperandrogenism
 Encourage weight loss
 Diet modification
 Exercise
 Screening for dyslipidemia and DM
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24. Lower insulin levels
Restore regular menstruation
Restore fertility
Treat hirsutism or acne
Prevent endometrial hyperplasia and
endometrial cancer
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25.  Anti-diabetic medication ; example metformin
500mg twice a day.
 Oral contraceptive ; example cyprotoerone acetate
 Help in ovulate: example clomiphene citrate
 Hormone : example gonadotropins
 Hair growth inhibitor ; Eflornithine
 Fertility treatment ; example LH FSH
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26.  Surgical management :
 Laparoscopic ovarian drilling by laser
 Cyst aspiration
 Oophorectomy
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27.  The possible long term complication of
polycystic ovaries are as follows:
 Insulin resistance leads to impaired glucose
tolerance, diabetes and obesity.
 Dyslipidaemia
 Devlopment of cancer
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28.  Fertility counseling
 Contraception
 Treatment of hyperandrogenic symptoms
 Lifestyle plan and support
 Monitoring and screening
 Nutritional counseling
 Psychological and behavioral support
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29.  Rashid & yousaf latif khan textbook of
gynaecology CBS Publisher tumours of the
ovary 214 215
 Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC626641
 Indraivf.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.verywellhealth.com
 ReseachGate.net
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