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1. Vital statistics
 Introduction : The process of maintaining vital statistics is
a purposeful mechanism of collecting data, processing ,
analyzing and transmitting the information for required
organizing and operating health services and also for
research or training.
 Definition :- Vital statistics are conventionally numerical
record of marriage ,birth and death,sickness,by which the
health and growth of community may be studied.
 It is a branch of biometry that deals with data and law of
human mortality,morbidity and demography.
 Purpose :

2.  Community health: To describe the level of community health , to
diagnose community illness and to discover solution to health
problems.
 Administrative Purpose : It provide clues for administrative action to
create administrative standards of health activities.
 Health programmed organization : To determine success or failure
of specific health programmed or undertake overall evaluation of
public health work.
 Legislation purpose : To promote health legislation at local state
and national level.
 Government purpose : To develope, policies, procedure state and
centeral level.
 Requirment of vital statistics :
 The system should be population based.
 The system should avoid unnecessary agglomerationof data.
 The system should be problem oriented.
 Functional and optional terms.
 Should express information briefly and imaginatively.
 Indication :
 Demographyand vital event.
 Environment health statistics.
 Morbidity, mortality and disability quality of life of all age group.
 Health resources facilities,bed, manpower.
 Utilization and on utilization of health services attendance, non
availability.

3.  Health care indices.
 Financial statistics.
 Use of vital information :
 The vital information of population are basis of a planning,
administration and effective management health service and
programs.
 Assessmentof health services in terms of effectiveness and
efficiencyis done by maintaining up to date record of all event.
 Assessmentof attitude and degree of satisfactionof the beneficiaries
from the health policies can be done.
 The comparisonof health status at local and national ,international
level is possible by standardizing the useful information.
 Researchprojectare based on particular health problem and
disease.
 importance of vital statistics :
 To evaluate impact of various national health programme.
 To plane for better future measures of disease control.
 To explain hereditary nature of disease .
 To evaluate economic and social development.
 It is primary tool of research activity.

4.  Sources of vital information:
 Census.
 Registration of vital event.
 Sample registration system [SRS]
 Notification disease.
 Hospital records.
 Disease registers.
 Record linkage.
 Epidemiologicalsurveillance.
 Other health services records.
 Population surveys.
1.Census: -
Who expert committee 1981.define census , the census is total
process ofcollecting,compiling and publishing demographic,
economic and social data presenting a specified time.
Census provide demographic information. Such as
 total population
 age, sex
 distribution socialand economic characteristic
 living condition and income etc.
the census is taken census taken in 1881at10-year interval in our
country. The first in India was taken in 1881 and last census 2011.
During census, every memberof the population is contact in gov. and
Varity of information age, sex, marital status, birth place, religion, literacy
occupation is collected.
The data is complied and published by the register general and census
commissionof India.

5. 2. Registration of vital event: The
vital event such as live birth, deaths, foetal death, marriage, divorce,
adoption, legal separation should be legally registered.
as well as statically recorded.
Gov. of India had passed the birth and death and marriage
registration act, in 1873 on voluntary basis.
The central births and deaths registration act, 1969was formulated to
improve the civil registration system.
The act came into force on 1 April 1970,the act provide for
compulsoryregisteration of birth and death 7 days.
3. Sample registration system :-
Sample registration system in India was introduce in 1960 to provide
more reliable estimates of birth and death rates at national state
level.
Sample registration system is continues process of data
enumeration for deaths and deaths including an independentsurvey
every 6 months by an investigator ,supervisor etc.
The system prove major information at birth and deaths rates, age
specificfertility, mortality rates, infants and adult mortality rate,and
adult mortality rate etc.
4. Notification of disease:-
Notification Is communicable disease done to conterol as well as to
prevent it.
It is valuable health information in regard to the morbidity of data
Notification provide early warning about new occurance or outbreak
of disease.
In some places /states notification of certain non communicable
disease such as cancer, congenital malformation, mental illness
strock and handicaped. Person is also done.
5. Hospital record :-
Hospital record and statistics are regarded as integral and basic part
of national statistical system.
The hospital record provides use full information in planning health
services.

6. 1. Geographicalsources of patients.
2. Age and sex distribution of differentdisease and duration of
hospital stay.
3. Distribution of diagnosis.
4. Associationbetweendifferentdisease.
5. The period between disease and hospital admission
6. Distribution of patient according ti differentsocial and
biologicalcharacteristics.
7. Cost of treatment during hospitalization.
6. disease register :-
morbidity registration are permanent records which provide vital
information in regard to duration of illne, case fertility and survival.
The registration provide a continues account of the frequencyof
disease in a community, treatment provide and the disease specific
mortality.
7. record linkage :-
 medical record linkage is assembling and maintaining record
for each individual, in population in relation to his/ her heath
sickness,birth, death, admissionin the hospital discharge
details.
It is most useful method of studying association betweendisease.
Record linkage is useful for research studies.
8. Epidemiological surveillance:-
this method is the useful technique. Particular diseases are targeted
for the purpose of control or eradication. This surveillance is part of
new cases and measures to control
the disease is taken. Ex:- in national malerial eradication
programme.
9. Other health services record:-
Hospital record out patient departments.
 Primary health centres.
 Subcentres.

7.  Polyclinics.
 Dispensaries.
 Private practitioners.
 Mother and child health centres
 Schoolhealth record.
 Specialclinic
It provide lot of useful information about deaths birth, mortality,
morbidity, etc.
These records are usually kept for administrative purpose
rather then monitoring specificdisease.
10. Population survey:-
It is a population-based survey.
It carried out for evaluation the health status of the country.
 Vital statistics:-
 Maternal mortality rate
 Maternal morbidity rate.
 Perinatal mortality.
 Neonatal mortality rate.
 Post neonatal mortality rate.
 Infant mortality rate.
 1-4-year mortality rate.
 Under 5 mortality rate.
 MATERNAL MORTLITY RATE :

8. 1. Cause of maternal deths:-
1. Infection
2. Hemorrhage
3. Abortion anemia
4. Difficultlabor
5. Hypertension
6. Other important cause
Hepatitis b, Tb, malaria, hiv/aids etc.
2. Prevention and social measusres:-
1. Early registration of pregnancy.
2. At least 3 antenatal check up.
3. Clean delivery practice
4. Prevention of infection and hemorrhage during puerperium
5. Prevention of complications
Ex:- eclampsia, malpresentation ruptured uterus.
6. Dietary supplementationincluding correctionof anemia.
7. Treatment of medical condition
Ex:- hypertensions , DM, TB.
8. Antimalarial and tetanus prophylaxis
9. In india large no of meternal deaths could be prevented
with help of trained local dias and female health workers.
10. Promotionof family planning.
 Maternal morbidity rate:-
Any physical or mental illness or disability directly related to
pregnancy and child birth not necessaryfor life threatening.
3. Cause:-
1. Infection
2. Poor services
3. Hygiene
4. Hemorrhage

9. 5. Anemia
6. Abortion
7. Low socio economic status
 Perinatal mortality rate :
4. Factor:-
1. Low socio economic status
2. High maternal age ‘35year or more’
3. Low maternal age ‘under 16 year’
4. Malnutrition and sever anemia
5. Multiple pregnancy.
6. Smoking.
5. Major cause of perinatal mortality:-
1. Antenatal cause :-
 Maternal cause :-
Hypertension, cardiovascular disease , diabetes,tb,.
 Pelvic disease :-
Uterine myomas, endometriosis,ovarian tumor.
 Anatomical defect:-
uterine anomalies, incompetentcervix.
 Blood incompatibilities.
 Malnutrition.
2. interanatal cause:-
 birth injuries
 asphyxia

10.  prolong labor
 obstetric complication
3. postnatal cause;-
 premature
 respiration distress syndrome
 congenital anomalies
 Post neonatal mortality rate
 Cause:-
1.Diarrhea
2.Respiratoryinfection
3.Malnutrition
 Neonatal mortality rate:
 Cause of neonatal mortality rate:-
1. Low birth weight and prematurity.
2. Birth injuries and difficult labor.
3. Sepsis

11. 4. Congenital anomalies
5. Hemolytic disease of the new born
6. Condition of placenta and cord
7. Acute respiratory infection
8. Tetanus
9. Birth asphyxia
10. Fetal disease .
 Infant mortality rate :
 1-4 Year Mortality Rate (Child Death Rate) :
 Cause of cdr:-
1. Accidental.
2. Influenza.
3. Pneumonia.
4. Fever.
5. Burn.

12. 6. Poision.
 Under 5 Mortality Rate ( Child Mortality Rate ) :