IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Structural Analysis and Design of Castellated Beam in Fixed ActionAM Publications
The depth is the most important parameter which governs the sectional property of the section. For the serviceability moment of inertia plays very important role and moment of inertia of I-section is directly proportional to the third power of the depth. Research on cellular beams with circular web openings is very limited and is less developed than Cellular beams which may be attributed to the fact that cellular beams are more complicated to analyze due to their continuously changing section properties around the cell.
Study of castellated beam using stiffeners a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract Now-a-days the use of castellated beam has been admired due to its beneficial functions like light in weight, easy to erect, economical and stronger. The castellated beam is manufactured from its parent solid I beam by cutting it in zigzag pattern and again joining it by welding, so that the depth of the beam increases. Hence, due to increase in depth of beam load carrying capacity of the parent I section is increased with same quantity of material. The increase in depth of castellated beam leads to web post buckling and lateral torsional buckling failure when these beams are subjected to loading. There are many other modes of failure like formation of flexure mechanism, lateral torsional buckling, and formation of vierendeel mechanism, rupture of the welded joint in a web post and shear buckling of a web post which needs to be taken care of. Study shows that use of stiffeners in the web portion of beam helps in minimizing these failures. Therefore, a detailed study in respect of number of stiffeners, size of stiffener and there locations in the web portion of castellated beam needs to be carried out. Hence, in the present paper an attempt has been made to review existing literature, concerned with strength of beam using stiffeners. The literature survey indicates that use of stiffeners in web portion of castellated beams helps in increasing the strength and also minimizing the deflection. Researchers have suggested using stiffener along the edges in order to reduce the stress concentration along openings.. Key Words: openings, castellated beam, cellular beam, stiffener, thickness.
TALAT Lecture 2711: Design of a Helicopter DeckCORE-Materials
This lecture presents design of the main structural parts of an aluminium alloy helicopter deck. The design of a bolted connection on the supporting structure is also presented.
Behavior Of Castellated Composite Beam Subjected To Cyclic Loadsirjes
The purpose of this study is to determine the behavior of beam-column sub-assemblages castella
due to cyclic loading. Knowing these behaviors can if be analyzed the effectiveness of the concrete filler to
reduce the damage and improve capacity of beam castella. Test beam consists of beam castella fabricated from
normal beam (CB), castella beams with concrete filler between the flange (CCB) and normal beam (NB) as a
comparison. Results showed castella beam (CB) has the advantage to increase the flexural capacity and energy
absorption respectively 100.5% and 74.3%. Besides advantages, castella beam has the disadvantage that
lowering partial ductility and full ductility respectively 12.6 % and 18.1%, decrease resistance ratio 29.5 %
and accelerate the degradation rate of stiffness ratio 31.4%. By the concrete filler between the beam flange to
improve the ability of castella beam, then the beam castella have the ability to increase the flexural capacity of
184.78 %, 217.1% increase energy absorption, increase ductility partial and full ductility respectively 27.9 %
and 26 %, increases resistance ratio 52.5 % and slow the rate of degradation of the stiffness ratio 55.1 %..
Structural Analysis and Design of Castellated Beam in Fixed ActionAM Publications
The depth is the most important parameter which governs the sectional property of the section. For the serviceability moment of inertia plays very important role and moment of inertia of I-section is directly proportional to the third power of the depth. Research on cellular beams with circular web openings is very limited and is less developed than Cellular beams which may be attributed to the fact that cellular beams are more complicated to analyze due to their continuously changing section properties around the cell.
Study of castellated beam using stiffeners a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract Now-a-days the use of castellated beam has been admired due to its beneficial functions like light in weight, easy to erect, economical and stronger. The castellated beam is manufactured from its parent solid I beam by cutting it in zigzag pattern and again joining it by welding, so that the depth of the beam increases. Hence, due to increase in depth of beam load carrying capacity of the parent I section is increased with same quantity of material. The increase in depth of castellated beam leads to web post buckling and lateral torsional buckling failure when these beams are subjected to loading. There are many other modes of failure like formation of flexure mechanism, lateral torsional buckling, and formation of vierendeel mechanism, rupture of the welded joint in a web post and shear buckling of a web post which needs to be taken care of. Study shows that use of stiffeners in the web portion of beam helps in minimizing these failures. Therefore, a detailed study in respect of number of stiffeners, size of stiffener and there locations in the web portion of castellated beam needs to be carried out. Hence, in the present paper an attempt has been made to review existing literature, concerned with strength of beam using stiffeners. The literature survey indicates that use of stiffeners in web portion of castellated beams helps in increasing the strength and also minimizing the deflection. Researchers have suggested using stiffener along the edges in order to reduce the stress concentration along openings.. Key Words: openings, castellated beam, cellular beam, stiffener, thickness.
TALAT Lecture 2711: Design of a Helicopter DeckCORE-Materials
This lecture presents design of the main structural parts of an aluminium alloy helicopter deck. The design of a bolted connection on the supporting structure is also presented.
Behavior Of Castellated Composite Beam Subjected To Cyclic Loadsirjes
The purpose of this study is to determine the behavior of beam-column sub-assemblages castella
due to cyclic loading. Knowing these behaviors can if be analyzed the effectiveness of the concrete filler to
reduce the damage and improve capacity of beam castella. Test beam consists of beam castella fabricated from
normal beam (CB), castella beams with concrete filler between the flange (CCB) and normal beam (NB) as a
comparison. Results showed castella beam (CB) has the advantage to increase the flexural capacity and energy
absorption respectively 100.5% and 74.3%. Besides advantages, castella beam has the disadvantage that
lowering partial ductility and full ductility respectively 12.6 % and 18.1%, decrease resistance ratio 29.5 %
and accelerate the degradation rate of stiffness ratio 31.4%. By the concrete filler between the beam flange to
improve the ability of castella beam, then the beam castella have the ability to increase the flexural capacity of
184.78 %, 217.1% increase energy absorption, increase ductility partial and full ductility respectively 27.9 %
and 26 %, increases resistance ratio 52.5 % and slow the rate of degradation of the stiffness ratio 55.1 %..
SHEAR PERFORMANCE OF FIBER REINFORCED SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE DEEP BEAMSIAEME Publication
The self-compacting concrete (SCC) is the newest innovating category of high performance concrete. The shear behavior of Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacted Concrete (FRSCC) deep beams was investigated. The experimental program consisted of twelve simply supported beams tested up to failure under four-point load. The key parameters covered in this investigation were steel fibers ratios (0.0, 0.50, 0.75 & 1.00%) and the effective shear span to depth ratio; a/d that varied from 0.6 to 1.0. Also, the main flexure reinforcement ratio was variable (1.0, 1.60 and 2.20 percent). In addition, vertical and horizontal web reinforcement effect was investigated. The mid-span deflection, cracks, reinforcement and concrete strains of the tested beams were recorded and compared. Test results pointed out that the steel fibers enhanced the cracking load, ultimate capacity, displacement and energy absorption of the tested FRSCC deep beams.
Every industry focus to build and improve the
chimney to create the eco-friend organization as well as to
satisfy the strict environmental board.
IS: 4998 criteria for design of reinforced concrete chimneys
is using working stress method for chimney designing.
There are some limitations of working stress method. Also
the designing is difficult involving lengthy, cumbersome
and iterative computational effort.
So we should recognize this problem and we should use
some time saving techniques like interaction envelopes to
optimize the structural design.
Chimneys with various heights from 65m to 280m are
analyzed and designed by working stress method and limit
state method for collapse and comparison of results are
discussed in this paper. Generation of interaction curves for
hollow circular section is also discussed in this paper.
Study of behaviour of composite beams with truss type shear connectoreSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite action of two concrete members is achieved by the interface shear transfer between the two members; this mechanism is of great significance. The interface shear carrying capacity is dependent on the surface properties and shear connectors provided. In the current research ATENA is used, it is FEM based software in which the interface properties between materials can be modeled to a great level of detail. In the present study the influence of angle of inclination, size and the depth of embedment of truss connector on the load carrying behavior is studied with the help of a beam model. The angles of inclination varied are 30o, 45o, 60o and 75o with varying bar diameters of 8mm, 10mm and 12mm. Angles between 60o to 75o are found most efficient with no significant changes when diameters are varied. The ultimate load for a given connector is found to be independent of the depth of embedment. Composite beams are also modeled to study the influence of cohesion and friction coefficient, and are compared with behavior of solid and non-composite beams.
Keywords: Truss shear connector, Composite slab, ATENA, Slab flexure test, Interface shear capacity
Flexural behaviour of reinforced cement concrete beam wrapped with gfrp sheeteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
STUDY ON BOND MECHANISM OF PSWC BARS WITH CONCRETEShoaib Wani
PSWC- Plain surface with wave-type configuration, a rebar for durable concrete construction at zero cost addition and much more. The yield strength & the bond strength of HYSD bars > plain round mild steel straight bars. The durability issues related to the use of HYSD bars in RCC & problems of early distress.
Early corrosion due to the provision of surface protrusions in HYSD bars for achieving the higher bond strength.
Alternative solution : A new type of reinforcing steel bar (named as PSWC-bar) with normal plain round surface and deformed axis is proposed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beamsIEI GSC
Presentation on Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beams by Akshay Dhariwal & Prof Sunil Raiyani, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Final Year Project Presentation (June 2015) : INVESTIGATION OF SHEAR BEHAVIOU...Asadullah Malik
It was a 20 min presentation made to participate in the Rector's Gold Medal Competition for the best undergrad project, in which our research based project won 2nd position.
SHEAR PERFORMANCE OF FIBER REINFORCED SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE DEEP BEAMSIAEME Publication
The self-compacting concrete (SCC) is the newest innovating category of high performance concrete. The shear behavior of Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacted Concrete (FRSCC) deep beams was investigated. The experimental program consisted of twelve simply supported beams tested up to failure under four-point load. The key parameters covered in this investigation were steel fibers ratios (0.0, 0.50, 0.75 & 1.00%) and the effective shear span to depth ratio; a/d that varied from 0.6 to 1.0. Also, the main flexure reinforcement ratio was variable (1.0, 1.60 and 2.20 percent). In addition, vertical and horizontal web reinforcement effect was investigated. The mid-span deflection, cracks, reinforcement and concrete strains of the tested beams were recorded and compared. Test results pointed out that the steel fibers enhanced the cracking load, ultimate capacity, displacement and energy absorption of the tested FRSCC deep beams.
Every industry focus to build and improve the
chimney to create the eco-friend organization as well as to
satisfy the strict environmental board.
IS: 4998 criteria for design of reinforced concrete chimneys
is using working stress method for chimney designing.
There are some limitations of working stress method. Also
the designing is difficult involving lengthy, cumbersome
and iterative computational effort.
So we should recognize this problem and we should use
some time saving techniques like interaction envelopes to
optimize the structural design.
Chimneys with various heights from 65m to 280m are
analyzed and designed by working stress method and limit
state method for collapse and comparison of results are
discussed in this paper. Generation of interaction curves for
hollow circular section is also discussed in this paper.
Study of behaviour of composite beams with truss type shear connectoreSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite action of two concrete members is achieved by the interface shear transfer between the two members; this mechanism is of great significance. The interface shear carrying capacity is dependent on the surface properties and shear connectors provided. In the current research ATENA is used, it is FEM based software in which the interface properties between materials can be modeled to a great level of detail. In the present study the influence of angle of inclination, size and the depth of embedment of truss connector on the load carrying behavior is studied with the help of a beam model. The angles of inclination varied are 30o, 45o, 60o and 75o with varying bar diameters of 8mm, 10mm and 12mm. Angles between 60o to 75o are found most efficient with no significant changes when diameters are varied. The ultimate load for a given connector is found to be independent of the depth of embedment. Composite beams are also modeled to study the influence of cohesion and friction coefficient, and are compared with behavior of solid and non-composite beams.
Keywords: Truss shear connector, Composite slab, ATENA, Slab flexure test, Interface shear capacity
Flexural behaviour of reinforced cement concrete beam wrapped with gfrp sheeteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
STUDY ON BOND MECHANISM OF PSWC BARS WITH CONCRETEShoaib Wani
PSWC- Plain surface with wave-type configuration, a rebar for durable concrete construction at zero cost addition and much more. The yield strength & the bond strength of HYSD bars > plain round mild steel straight bars. The durability issues related to the use of HYSD bars in RCC & problems of early distress.
Early corrosion due to the provision of surface protrusions in HYSD bars for achieving the higher bond strength.
Alternative solution : A new type of reinforcing steel bar (named as PSWC-bar) with normal plain round surface and deformed axis is proposed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beamsIEI GSC
Presentation on Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beams by Akshay Dhariwal & Prof Sunil Raiyani, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Final Year Project Presentation (June 2015) : INVESTIGATION OF SHEAR BEHAVIOU...Asadullah Malik
It was a 20 min presentation made to participate in the Rector's Gold Medal Competition for the best undergrad project, in which our research based project won 2nd position.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Regression model for analyzing the dgs structures propagation characterisitcseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of stress concentration at opening in pressure vessel using anovaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
“A note on natural adsorbant (moringa oleifera) as antimicrobial agent in wat...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of calcination on the electrical properties and quantum confinement of...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Evaluating paas scalability and improving performance using scalability impro...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON COMPRESSION BEHAVIOR PARAMETERS OF NSC AND SC...IAEME Publication
A total of six intermediate columns with same cross sectional area of 125mm X 125mm were cast and tested. Experimental study was conducted to know the behavior of intermediate columns under axial load made out of Normal strength concrete (NSC) and Self-compacting concrete (SCC). Main objective of this study was to compare the behavior of NSC intermediate columns and SCC intermediate columns for various percentage of steel. Axial load ratio, stiffness ratio were the main parameters which increased as the axial load increased. However in this study, special attention was given on stiffness degradation, energy absorption, ultimate load carrying capacity, shortening index of each intermediate column. The results showed that shortening index, axial load ratio, stiffness ratio and stiffness degradation increased with increase in axial load.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Minimum shear reinforcement for optimum ductility of reinforced concrete beamseSAT Journals
Abstract Failures in reinforced concrete (RC) structures under transverse shear forces are proved to be catastrophic with the presence of web reinforcement. The minimum web reinforcement recommended by several codes of practice has been intended to maintain adequate strength and deflection ductility after the formation of diagonal cracking and to contain widening of the diagonal cracking. However, the expressions for estimating the minimum shear reinforcement in the codes of practice are based on the experimental data base observed on testing of small size beams made of normal strength concrete (NSC). Such code provisions need to be reinvestigated on large size beams made of high strength concrete (HSC). Further, there has been lack of consensus on the quantity of minimum shear reinforcement to be provided by different codes of practice, as they differ significantly in respect of HSC members. In this paper, many factors influencing the minimum shear reinforcement required in RC beams have been studied. An expression has been proposed incorporating a wide range of parameters. A comparison of the minimum shear reinforcement predicted by the proposed expression has been made with the codes of practice. The influence of shear reinforcement on the ductility of RC beams of varying sizes has been investigated. The optimum shear reinforcement index has been found to be somewhere between 0.45 and 0.5. Ductility of RC beams increases with increasing the shear reinforcement index. Small size beams exhibited significant ductility for the given shear reinforcement index. Keywords: Minimum shear reinforcement, reserve strength, ductility, RC beams, HSC
seismic response of multi storey building equipped with steel bracingINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Steel bracing has proven to be one of the most effective systems in resisting lateral loads. Although its use to upgrade the lateral load capacity of existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) frames has been the subject of numerous studies, guidelines for its use in newly constructed RC frames still need to be developed. In this paper the study reveals that seismic performance of moment resisting RC frames with different patterns of bracing system. The three different types of bracings were used i.e. X - bracing system, V - bracing system and Inverted V - bracing system. This arrangement helped in reducing the structural response (i.e. displacement, interstorey drift, Shear Forces & Bending Moments) of the designed building structure. An (G+6) storey building was modelled and designed as per the code provisions of IS-1893:2002. And linear analysis is been carried out in the global X direction. The analysis was conducted with a view of accessing the seismic elastic performance of the building structure.
EFFECT ON SHEAR IN DEEP BEAM BY USING CRIMPED STEEL FIBERijiert bestjournal
This paper evaluates the shear strength of steel fi ber reinforced concrete deep beam without stirrups with the help of experimental work. For th is experimental work 24 no. of simply supported deep beam without stirrups were cast at t he concrete technology laboratory. Test of two point load acting symmetrically with respect to center line of span after the beams were kept in curing room for 28 days. Fiber varied as 0%,.2 6%,.52%,1% by the volume of concrete. Crimped steel fiber are randomly mixed in concrete 18 beam divided into two series. I series shear span to depth ratio kept as .6 and II serie s 0.74. Average ratio of actual and predicted shear strength for different equation is calculated and accuracy of the equation are check out as well as deflection and cracking pattern are also re ported.
Effect of modulus of masonry on initial lateral stiffness of infilled frames ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Structural Health Monitoring and Strengthening Of BridgesStructural Health Mo...Editor IJCATR
This paper presents one bridge which were either rehabilitated or strengthened by using FRP composites. The resulting
structure was then tested for the effect after using FRP composites for Rehabilitation and strengthening. In this paper, Structural
Health Monitoring basics are covered and need for SHM in future in or India scenario. Use of FRP composites in Rehabilitation
and Strengthening of structures is becoming increasingly popular and is opening new possibilities in construction and rehabilitation
of structures.
Structural Health Monitoring and Strengthening Of BridgesEditor IJCATR
This paper presents one bridge which were either rehabilitated or strengthened by using FRP composites. The resulting structure was then tested for the effect after using FRP composites for Rehabilitation and strengthening. In this paper, Structural Health Monitoring basics are covered and need for SHM in future in or India scenario. Use of FRP composites in Rehabilitation and Strengthening of structures is becoming increasingly popular and is opening new possibilities in construction and rehabilitation of structures.
Serviceability behavior of Reinforcement Concrete beams with polypropylene an...IJERA Editor
Serviceability Limit States (SLS) may lead to the design of concrete elements internally reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP).In many types of concrete structure loss the serviceability due to wide cracks, number of cracks or large deflection is not uncommon behaviour in concrete structures or concrete beams.The flexural ductility affects the serviceability deflection of RC beams once flexural cracking take place.Imprvement will be focused on the use of polypropilene fibres , which is the subject of thispaper. The performance of concrete with fibers is judged by the flexural toughness obtained by load-deflection curves. The flexural toughness of concrete is depend on different types of fibersin use.Its tougness will be reperesent in the behaviour of RC memebres at failure. Sometimes, it is difficult to use the flexural toughness to judge the behavior of concrete structures under service load. The result of cracking on concrete beam due to the applied load and the method of loading to monitor and check the performance of concrete with different types of fiber arediscussed in this paper. The reductionin the dimension of cracks and the effect of energy disipations of polypropilene fibres will be the main aim of this research work.
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete horizontal curved beam using softwareeSAT Journals
Abstract
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete beam bridge, horizontally curved in plan is done using a finite element software. The
support conditions considered are simple supports. Dynamic loading in the form of moving vehicular load is taken into account
for the purpose of analysis. IRC Class AA type of vehicle is simulated on two lanes on the beam of span 31m, having a box type
cross-section. A parametric study is done varying the radius of curvature of the beam from 50 m to 250 m with the interval of 50
m to check the behavior of the beam. Various responses of the beam like bending moment, shear force, torsional moment and
deflection are calculated. The influence of a non-dimensional parameter L/R i.e. ratio of length of the beam to radius of curvature
of the beam is verified for the responses of the beam. From the results, it has been found that the responses i.e. the bending
moment, shear force, torsional moment and deflection of the beam decrease as the radius of curvature of the beam in increased.
Also, the responses of the beam increase as the L/R ratio is increased.
Keywords: Dynamic analysis, horizontally curved beam, finite element, moving vehicular moving load, Simply
Supported, Box type, parametric study, L/R ratio
This research introduces a new simple, efficient, and practical procedure to design
the reinforced concrete (RC) circular slabs which have large diameters. The principal
idea of this paper concerns to use the isotropic perpendicular RC straight joists to
resist the external load. The yield-line theory was adapted to analysis the circular
waffle slabs. The steps of design were according to the ACI Code provisions. Fixed
and simply supported circular slabs were presented. Closed form equations have been
driven by author for the purposes of analysis and design this type of slabs by the
present procedure. Uniformly distributed load was considered, that represent almost
practical cases. Useful illustration example is presented in this study according to the
available materials in Iraq to facilitate the job of designers. The good performance of
RC circular slab which design by the present procedure proved clearly the efficiency
of this technique.
Similar to Shear behavior of reinforced concrete slender beams (20)
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Student information management system project report ii.pdf
Shear behavior of reinforced concrete slender beams
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 79
SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SLENDER BEAMS
USING HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE
B.K.Kolhapure
Department of Civil Engineering, P.D.A. College of Engineering, Gulbarga (India)
kolhapurebk@yahoo.com
Abstract
An experimental investigation is carried out on Nine Slender HSC beams with constant size 125mm x 130mm and effective length
900mm by varying (i) The longitudinal reinforcement ratio and (ii) the web reinforcement ratio were casted and tested to understand
the shear behavior of the beams with minimum web reinforcement as per IS CODE and ACI CODE and maximum web reinforcement.
The load-deflection behavior and the failure pattern of the beams, ultimate shear strength are studied with varying longitudinal
reinforcement and varying shear reinforcement. The experimental results obtained are compared with the theoretical values as per
code. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that, there are many parameters influencing the shear behavior of RC beams
such as shear span to depth ratio (a/d ratio>2), concrete grade, depth of the beam, the percentage of the longitudinal reinforcement
and shear reinforcement. It can be concluded that, the shear failure is brittle, sudden and very explosive. As the spacing of shear
reinforcement reduced (75mm) the load carrying capacity increased and as the spacing of shear reinforcement increased (225,
300mm) the load carrying capacity decreased. Shear failure is characterized by small deflection, lack of ductility and catastrophic
failure.
Keywords: High strength concrete, shear span to depth ratio, failure pattern, ultimate shear capacity, codal provisions.
----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
In the past decade there has been rapid growth in high strength
concrete (HSC) the ACI defines HSC as concrete with a
compressive strength greater than 41 MPa. The applications of
HSC have increased as a result of recent developments in
material technology and a demand for HSC [1].
Manufacture of HSC involves making optimal use of the basic
ingredients that constitute Normal Strength Concrete (NSC)
by varying the proportions of cement, water, aggregates and
admixtures. Fly ash and silica fume are the most commonly
used mineral admixtures in HSC. Some of the mechanical
properties are limited by our codes by a maximum numerical
value, whereas many of the properties are defined by an
expression as a function of grade of concrete. This situation
leads us to various anomalous results if grade of concrete used
in design is higher than the one corresponding to which the
values of certain mechanical properties of HSC are not
allowed to increase [2]. HSC finds application in different
structures like oil drilling rigs, diaphragm walls, pre-stressed
concrete piles, columns of high rise buildings, transfer beams
of multi- storey buildings and large span bridges [3].
1.1 Shear Reinforcement:
Shear reinforcement is usually provided in the form of stirrups
to hold the longitudinal reinforcement and also to take the
shear and to arrest the development of the diagonal tension
cracking to which the structure is subjected. Even if shear
reinforcement is not required, a minimum has to be provided
as per IS: 456[18].
1.2 Minimum Shear Reinforcement:
The main reasons for providing minimum shear reinforcement
in RC beams are as follows [9][10]:
a) To avoid brittle shear failure after diagonal shear
crack.
b) To provide reserve strength even after the diagonal
shear crack formation.
c) To redistribution of the stresses in the region of shear
span.
d) To impart ductility to the beam before shear failure.
e) To limit the diagonal crack width well within the
limits and to provide reserve deflection.
Most of the codes gives the expressions similar based on
concrete strength and yield strength of web reinforcement
neglecting many parameters such as a/d ratio, longitudinal
reinforcement, type of load and amount of web reinforcement.
Understanding the strength and deformational behavior of
beams with HSC provided with minimum reinforcement
becomes very important before it is put in to practice [11][12].
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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1.3 The Mechanism of Shear Resistance in
Reinforced Concrete Beams with Web
Reinforcement:
In addition to the bond force resisted by the combination of
aggregate interlock, dowel and the flexural action of the
cantilever, another bond force can be sustained by what is
traditionally termed truss action. In this truss the cantilevers
act as a diagonal compression members [2].
• A stirrup can effectively support a longitudinal bar
that is being crossed by a flexural shear cracks close
to a stirrup, contribute to the strength of the shear
mechanisms improving the contribution of the dowel
action.
• Suppressing flexural tensile stresses in the cantilever
blocks by means of the diagonal compression force
resulting from truss action.
• Limiting the opening of diagonal cracks within the
elastic range thus enhancing and preserving shear
transfer by aggregate interlock.
• Providing confinement when the stirrups are
sufficiently closely spaced thus increasing the
compression strength of localities particularly
affected by the arch action Preventing the breakdown
of bond when splitting cracks develop in anchorage
zones because of dowel and anchorage forces For
rectangular beams, after an inclined crack has
formed, the proportion of the shear force transferred
by the various mechanisms is as 20 to 40 percent by
the uncracked concrete of compression zone, 33 to 50
percent by interlocking action of aggregates; and 15
to 25 percent by dowel action. Meanwhile, in a
relatively short beam, the load is transferred directly
from the loading points to supports owing to arch
action[7]
• It may be said that suitably detailed web
reinforcement will preserve the integrity therefore the
strength of the previously defined beam mechanism
allowing additional shear forces to be resisted by the
truss mechanism[3]
• The span-to-height ratio of the analogous arch is
approximately equal to the shear span-to-depth ratio.
The strength of the compression strut is closely
related to the compressive strength of concrete and
the area of tension reinforcement [8].
2. OBJECTIVES OF PRESENT WORK:
To study the shear behavior of HSC slender beams with
different web reinforcement
1. To know the influence of transverse reinforcement on
HSC slender beams.
2. To study the effect of a/d radio on the load carrying
capacity of the beam.
3. To study the effect of percentage of longitudinal steel
on the shear capacity
4. To compare the experimental values with the codes.
3. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY:
Preliminary tests conducted on the ingredients are tabulated in
table No :( 1). The Mix Proportions for M60 obtained by ACI
318-2002. are shown in table (2)
Table 1 Test Results on ingredients of Concrete
SL.NO. MATERIALS TESTS CONDUCTED
1. CEMENT 53 Grade OPC as per IS 12269-1970
Initial setting time 50 min
Final setting time 550 min
Normal consistency 34%
Specific gravity cement 3.0
Compressive 51 Mpa
2. COARSE AGGREGATE Crushed granite, passing through 12.5 mm and retained on 4.75mm sieve
specific gravity =2.66, as per IS 383-1978
3. FINE AGGREGATE River sand, zone II, specific gravity =2.66 as per IS 383-1978
4. WATER Potable water as per IS 456-2000[17]
5. SUPER PLASTICIZER CONPLAST SP 430 as per IS 9103-1999
Table 2: Mix Proportion for M60
Mix Cement
Fine
aggregate
Coarse
aggregate
Water
Super
plasticizer
Cube 28 days Compressive Strength
(N/mm²)
M60 1 0.47 1.95 0.3 1.35 67.5
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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4. CASTING AND TEST SPECIMENS OF
SPECIMEN:
In the present work, 09 HSC slender beams were casted and
tested. The beams were with web reinforcement in
accordance with IS456[17], ACI 318[16], with concrete
strength of 60Mpa (M60). The cross sectional dimension of
the beam was 125mm x 130mm and effective length 900mm.
For this the longitudinal reinforcement and the shear
reinforcement were kept varying, but the compressive strength
(grade) of concrete, a/d ratio and effective length were kept as
constant. Four point loading was applied. The incremental
load was applied and corrospoding deflections were noted
under the point loads and at the centre
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The load at which the first visible crack appeared was taken
as “ cracking load (Pcr)” and the load at which the beam failed
completely was taken as “ultimate load (Pu)”. The details of
beam specification and experimental test results are shown in
table (3), the load v/s deflection for different beam specimen
are shown in graph (1) to (3). The failure pattern of the HSC
beams are shown in figure(1)
Figure 1 Failure Patterns of Hsc Beams.
In Figure (1): First Character indicates Beam Specification, Second percentage reinforcement, Third a/d ratio, Fourth stirrup spacing.
Table 3: Details beam specification and experimental Test Results
Sr. BEAM le mm
28
day
Mpa
a/d ρ %
Pcr
KN
τ CR=
Pcr/2b
d
Pu
KN
τ u=
Pu/2bd
S
(mm)
MODE OF
FAILURE
A A1 900 66.7 2.55 0.8 34.05 1.04 120 3.6 75 Flexure
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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A2 900 67.0 2.55 0.8 26.87 0.83 96 2.96 225 Flexure
A3 900 68.1 2.55 0.8 22.75 0.70 80 2.45 300 Flexure
B A4 900 66.0 2.55 1.8 35.46 1.09 125 3.82 75 Shear
A5 900 68.0 2.55 1.8 29.69 0.91 104 3.21 225 Shear
A6 900 64.2 2.55 1.8 25.14 0.77 90 2.71 300 Shear
C A7 900 66.0 2.55 3.2 42.32 1.3 149 4.48 75 Shear
A8 900 67.6 2.55 3.2 34.21 1.05 120 3.59 225 Shear
A9 900 66.5 2.55 3.2 30.82 0.94 110 3.31 300 Shear
Graph 1 Load V/s Defln for series A beams: Graph 2 Load V/s Deflection for series B beams
Graph 3 Load V/s Deflection for HSC series C beams
From the graph (1) to (3) it can be seen that as the spacing of
shear reinforcement decreased the ductility increased and also
the load carrying capacity and as the percentage of
longitudinal steel increased the load carrying capacity
increased and vice versa. Shear failure is very sudden and
brittle but flexural failure of beams is ductile.
6. ULTIMATE SHEAR STRENGTH PREDICTED
BY DIFFERENT CODES:
6.1 Shear Design by ACI Code Equation [16]-
ACI CODE 318 (1989) - (a / d > = 2.5)
Vu = (0.158 sqrt ( fc
’
) + 17.45 ρ (VU d/ Mu ) bw d +
(Av fsv d / S)
bw and d = Width and depth of Effective cross section in mm.
Mu and Vu – Factored moment and Factored shear force at
Cross section.
ρ – Longitudinal Reinforcement Ratio.
fc
’
- Compressive strength of concrete at 28 days in MPa.
S= spacing of shear reinforcement.
6.2 Indian Code Is 456-2000[17]
According to Indian code equation the shear strength of
concrete members is given by following equation.
Vu = bw d 0.85 sqrt (0.8 fck ) ( sqrt ( 1 + 5ß ) -1 ) / 6ß + (Av
fsv d / S)
bw and d = Width and depth of Effective cross section in mm
Series C
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 5 10 15 20
Deflection in mm
LoadinKN
A7
A8
A9
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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fc' - Cube Compressive strength of concrete at 28 days in
MPa.
S= spacing of shear reinforcement.
ß = (0.8 fck / (689 AS / bw d)) > = 1
Using the above equations the ultimate shear strength of
beams were calculated. The ratio of experimental shear to the
calculated shear was worked out. The results obtained by ACI
CODE 318 were quite satisfactory as compared to other codes.
So the values of ultimate shear strength from the experimental
investigation have been compared with ACI code.
The Comparative results of the Experimental loads and
theoretical loads by Aci 318-2002[16] are studied as shown in
Table(4).
Table 4: Details of Experimental Load and Theoretical Loads
BEAM
SERIES
EXPERIMENTAL LOAD
V(EXP) inKN(Pu/2)
THEORETICAL LOAD ACI 318
code V(THE) in KN
RATIO (EXP/ THE)
V(EXP)/V(THE)
A1 60 44 1.36
A2 48 28 1.71
A3 40 26 1.54
A4 62.5 46 1.36
A5 52 29 1.79
A6 45 27 1.67
A7 74.5 47 1.59
A8 60 52 1.15
A9 55 29 1.89
CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions were made from the experimental
investigation:
1. Mix proportion for high strength concrete (M60) was
obtained by using chemical admixture, the average 28
days strength was found to be 68mpa.
2. As the spacing of shear reinforcement reduces to 75mm
the load carrying capacity increased and as the spacing
of shear reinforcement increased to 225mm and 300mm
the load carrying capacity decreased. Shear failure is
characterized by small deflection lack of ductility and
catastrophic failure.
3. As the percentage of longitudinal steel increased from
1%, 1.8% and 2.8% the load carrying capacity
increased. But for higher spacing of shear
reinforcement it was less significant. Hence it shows
that the dowel action increases significantly as the
spacing of the shear reinforcement decreases. As the
pressing down of steel is reduced and confinement of
longitudinal steel is increased.
4. As the shear span to depth ratio (a/d) is 2.55, it was
shear tension failure. But this doesn’t hold good for
shear steel spacing of 75mm were its failure is in
flexure rather than shear. Smaller a/d ratio results in
arching action and hence higher shear strength but
higher a/d ratio results in beam action resulting lesser
shear capacity.
5. The minimum shear reinforcement specified in different
codes is inadequate and could be modified. The shear
equation cannot be applied to all the different cross
sections and the grade of the concrete; the depth
parameters and the strain in steel etc. are not included
in the codal provision.
REFERENCES
[1]. ACI 363R-92 (Reapproved 1997) State-of-the-Art Report
on High-Strength Concrete, Reported by ACI Committee 363.
[2]. American concrete institute. ACI concrete mix design,
ACI 211, revision 613-54.
[3]. AASHTO ,’ code for minimum shear reinforcement ‘
[4]. S.Sarkar, O.Adwan, B.Bose, “Shear stress distribution and
failure mechanics of high-strength reinforced concrete beams”
Materials and Structures, V32, No.216, March 1999, pp 112-
116.
[5]. S.V.T.J.Perera, Lam Huu Quang, Hiroshi MutsuyoshI and
Ha Minh, “Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Using High-Strength Concrete.
[6]. Satish.B.DesaI, “Influence of constituents of concrete on
its tensile strength and shear strength,” ACI Structural
Journal, Jan-Feb2004, Pg 29-38.
[7]. Mohammad Musa Megdadi, “Shear and Flexural
Behaviour of High Strength Concrete Beams with Large Span
to Depth Ratio”.
[8]. Raghu S.Pendyala and Priyan Mendis, “Experiment
Studies on Shear Strength of High Strength Concrete Beams,”
ACI Structural Journal/july-august 2000, pp 564 – 571.
[9]. Guney Ozcebe, Ugur Ersoy, and Tugrul Tankut et al,
“Evaluation of Minimum Shear Reinforcement Requirements
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 84
for Higher Strength Concrete,” ACI Structural Journal/May-.
June 1999 pp 361-368.
[10]. Mark k. Johnson and Julio A. Ramirez, “Minimum Shear
Reinforcement in Beams with Higher Strength Concrete,” ACI
Structural Journal/July-Aug 1989 pp 376-382.
[11]. Young-soo Yoon, William D. Cook and Denis Nitchell,
“Minimum Shear Reinforcement in Normal, Medium, and
High-Strength Concrete Beams,” ACI Structural Journal/Sept-
Oct 1996 pp 576- 584.
[12]. Dino Angelakos, Evan C. Bentz and Michael P. Collins,
“Effect of Concrete Strength and Minimum Stirrups on Shear
Strength of Large Members,” ACI Structural Journal/May-
June 2001 pp290-300
[13]. ASTM – C 618 -93.
[14]. N.Subramanian, “Shear strength of HSRC Beams”,
(codal provision review), Indian concrete Journals, march
2003, pp 114-122 .
[15]. Prodromos D Zararis,”shear strength & min shear
reinforcement”, ACI structural journals, June 2003, pp355-
455.
[16]. ACI committee 318, “Building code requirements for
structural concrete (ACI 318-05) and commentary (318-05)’’,
American concrete institutes, Farmington hills, MI, 2005,
PP430.
[17]. IS:456-2000, “Indian Standards for Plain and Reinforced
Concrete.