The document summarizes the Hudhud cyclone that struck Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014. It describes the cyclone's formation, rapid intensification to winds of 175 km/h, and landfall near Visakhapatnam. The cyclone caused extensive damage estimated at over $1 billion and at least 109 deaths in India and Nepal. Infrastructure like buildings, bridges, and power lines were destroyed. Crops and fishing boats were also damaged. The document then discusses coping strategies and improvements needed to disaster management plans to better prepare for future cyclones.
A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources. Most disasters are caused by natural termed as natural disasters but sometimes they have human origins and they are called as man-made disasters
A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources. Most disasters are caused by natural termed as natural disasters but sometimes they have human origins and they are called as man-made disasters
1 & 2 BHK apartments and 3 BHK Row Houses situated in DSK Vishwa, a modern sprawling township spread across acres of natural habitat. DSK Meghmalhar nestled amongst sylvan hills and surrounded by lush valleys, offers all the modern amenities to help you maintain the lifestyle you are accustomed to. Visit: http://dskdl.com/projects/dsk-meghmalhar/
Brief Description of Kerala Flood of 2018
and In starting some flood infomation is also discussed
and also given information about donation by diffferent peoples and commpanys and states.
Rightly called the laboratory of architecture, Bagalkote - is a district carved out of Vijayapura (Bijapur) district recently; it’s a haven of natural reserves like lime stone, granite, pink granite, dolomite and more. The natural reserves lend itself to manufacturing cement, with large national players building a stronghold here. Bagalkote’s total GDP stands at INR 59. 02 billions contributing 1.9%to state GSDP. With the per capita annual income in the district being INR.50, 765. However, the GDDP trend has been growing at 3% CAGR from 2007-8 to 2012-13; with the construction and manufacturing sectors as the highest contributors at 44% and 43% respectively to the secondary sector for 2012-13.
Shri Ganga Builders & Developers starts its new residential group Housing Project (Ambey Homes) at Ganga Nagar, Rishikesh. The Company is well known for its business in Rishikesh. The Company has developed for the Project consist of structure designer Architect Engineer & Interior Designer having delivered earthquake resistance excellent Project.
All Modern facilities have been planted in Ambey Homes keeping clear focus on healthily living. All homes are well ventilated and Vastu complient to the extent possible. The Homes are more spacious & efficient laid out. If you want to buy spacious home with lot of facilities than Ambey Homes is the perfectly fitting right choice to make your dream comes true.
Ppt on Bhilai talking about its location, social image, SWOT analysis, population density trend and growth of town.
Hope it helps,
Do write your suggestions
20160219 - M. Agostini - Nuove tecnologie per lo studio del DNA tumorale libe...Roberto Scarafia
Nano Inspired Biomedicine Laboratory
1 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Italy.
2 Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica- Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.
Experimental study of behaviour of poultry feather fiber a reinforcing mate...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
1 & 2 BHK apartments and 3 BHK Row Houses situated in DSK Vishwa, a modern sprawling township spread across acres of natural habitat. DSK Meghmalhar nestled amongst sylvan hills and surrounded by lush valleys, offers all the modern amenities to help you maintain the lifestyle you are accustomed to. Visit: http://dskdl.com/projects/dsk-meghmalhar/
Brief Description of Kerala Flood of 2018
and In starting some flood infomation is also discussed
and also given information about donation by diffferent peoples and commpanys and states.
Rightly called the laboratory of architecture, Bagalkote - is a district carved out of Vijayapura (Bijapur) district recently; it’s a haven of natural reserves like lime stone, granite, pink granite, dolomite and more. The natural reserves lend itself to manufacturing cement, with large national players building a stronghold here. Bagalkote’s total GDP stands at INR 59. 02 billions contributing 1.9%to state GSDP. With the per capita annual income in the district being INR.50, 765. However, the GDDP trend has been growing at 3% CAGR from 2007-8 to 2012-13; with the construction and manufacturing sectors as the highest contributors at 44% and 43% respectively to the secondary sector for 2012-13.
Shri Ganga Builders & Developers starts its new residential group Housing Project (Ambey Homes) at Ganga Nagar, Rishikesh. The Company is well known for its business in Rishikesh. The Company has developed for the Project consist of structure designer Architect Engineer & Interior Designer having delivered earthquake resistance excellent Project.
All Modern facilities have been planted in Ambey Homes keeping clear focus on healthily living. All homes are well ventilated and Vastu complient to the extent possible. The Homes are more spacious & efficient laid out. If you want to buy spacious home with lot of facilities than Ambey Homes is the perfectly fitting right choice to make your dream comes true.
Ppt on Bhilai talking about its location, social image, SWOT analysis, population density trend and growth of town.
Hope it helps,
Do write your suggestions
20160219 - M. Agostini - Nuove tecnologie per lo studio del DNA tumorale libe...Roberto Scarafia
Nano Inspired Biomedicine Laboratory
1 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Italy.
2 Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica- Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.
Experimental study of behaviour of poultry feather fiber a reinforcing mate...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Real time voting system using face recognition for different expressions and ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A technical method of extraction of gold from e waste a multi-sensor based me...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Bearing fault detection using acoustic emission signals analyzed by empirical...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
if you are finding about cyclones this the best you can get.
it is not as colourful as the others, but i promise you that you will not get more information about them in ppts.
Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment Report (RDNA), post-Cyclone Phailin in Odisha, was prepared in response to a request from the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), Government of India (GoI). It was undertaken jointly by the Government of Odisha (GoO), the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank.
The RDNA team visited Bhubaneswar (Odisha) and the three most severely affected districts of Ganjam, Puri and Khordha, from November 26 to December 3 2013, and collaborated with the GoO to assess the damage and develop a recovery and restoration framework.
PPT Role of Indian Meteorological Department.pptxYasir Siddiqui
Role of Indian Meteorological Department in the Prediction of cyclone presented by Yasir Siddiqui at the department of geography,Aligarh Muslim University
Batch-2020-2023
MULTI HAZARD AND DISASTER VULNERABILITY OF IN DIAKartik Mondal
In relation to hazards and disasters, vulnerability is a concept that links the relationship that people have with their environment to social forces and institutions and the cultural values that sustain and contest them. It's also the extent to which changes could harm a system or to which a community can be affected by the impact of a hazard. A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural calamity affects humans and/or the built environment. Human vulnerability, and often a lack of appropriate emergency management, leads to financial, environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation: "disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability".
Natural Disaster (Tsunami) and Its Socio Economic and Environmental Impact – ...IJERA Editor
Natural Disaster (Tsunami) and Its Socio Economic And Environmental Impact – A Case Study Of
Kanyakumari Coast”. Kanyakumari is the southernmost district of Tamil Nadu. The software Arc Gis are used
to demarcate the Natural Disaster ( Tsunami) and its socio Economic and Environment Impact. The district lies
between longitudes is 77˚15‟ E 77˚36‟ Eastern longitudes. The Latitudes is 8˚03‟ N to 8˚35‟ Northern
latitudes.The District is bound by Tirunelveli District on the North and the East. The South Eastern boundary is
the Gulf of Manner. On the South and the South West, the boundaries are the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea.
On the West and Northwest it is bounded by Kerala. The Kanyakumari District total areas area is 1430.3Km.
The Coastal Villages elevations are 5 meter to 50 meter above mean sea level.Tirunelveli linked with the
Kanyakumari city by both road and railways. It is located south of Trichy at distance of 335km .Kanyakumari
was formed 1835 AD. It has an area of 1671.3 Km2 with 16.76 Lakh populations as per 2011 Census. The study
made by the researcher confirmed the various relief measures carried out in the affected areas in general and in
Agashteeshwaram Taluk in Kanyakumari measures be programmed in such a way that they facilities of their
livelihood besides regaining their aspirations of life.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Tsunami risk assessment of sandwip island in the coast of bangladesh using gi...eSAT Journals
Abstract The threat of tsunami on the coastal region of Bangladesh has emerged after the Great Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004. Previously, it was thought that Bangladesh is beyond the threat of tsunami but the devastating Indian Ocean tsunami has raised the need for assessing tsunami risk on Bangladesh coast, since about 32 percent of the people live in these areas. A number of geological faults have been identified in the vicinity of Bay of Bengal; which are currently being considered for potential sources of underwater earthquake. For this study, the guidelines from Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) is followed which includes assessing the hazard, vulnerability and final risk due to tsunami. GIS analysis was performed on the tsunami hazard map to find the ultimate risk. From the analysis it was found that a minimum of about 60 percent of people in the shelter units which are susceptible to potential inundation are at risk to lose their lives. With rise of inundation heights, the percentage of possible loss of people also rises accordingly. Again a night-time tsunami poses more threat to people than a day-time tsunami. It was focused to combine the results of hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment for a community in the coastal belt of Bangladesh. Keywords: IOC Guidelines, Day and Night Time Tsunami, Risk Mapping
Similar to Hudhud cyclone – a severe disaster in visakhapatnam (20)
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Hudhud cyclone – a severe disaster in visakhapatnam
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Special Issue: 16 | ICPECDM-2014 | Dec-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 156
HUDHUD CYCLONE – A SEVERE DISASTER IN VISAKHAPATNAM
Kolli Ramuje1
, B.Naga Malleswara Rao2
1
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Hyderabad
2
Professor & Head, Department of civil Engineering, VNRVJ Institute of Engineering & Technology, Bachupally,
Hyderabad-500090
Abstract
Andhra Pradesh is a coastal state on East coast of India. It has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its
unique geo-climatic conditions. The Geo-physical location of state along the eastern coast of India has made it vulnerable to
Tropical cyclones generated by bay of Bengal. Natural disasters are the most frequent in the state and crores of rupees are lost.
Natural disaster is a matter of major concern for a state whose more than 60% of population lie below poverty line. An attempt is
made in this paper to review the a major disaster i.e cyclones that frequently occurs in Andhra Pradesh, causes, effects, coping
strategies and disaster management plan with a special reference to the recently hit Hudhud cyclone in Visakhapatnam.
Keywords: Geo-physical, Tropical cyclones, causes, effects, coping strategies and disaster management plan
--------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The cyclone disasters are major challenges and these are to
be effectively addressed and efficiently managed in order to
have sustainable development and poverty alleviation
particularly in developing countries like India. One third of
the natural disasters are in the world can be attributed due to
cyclone events. Globally, cyclones and tropical storms are
the most expensive hazards during the last 100 years[1].
Tropical cyclones in particular are the most devastating on
natural disasters due to the loss of human life they cause
and economic losses they induce. “A non frontal synoptic
scale low pressure system originating over tropical or sub
tropical waters with organized convection and definite
cyclonic surface wind circulation” is called a tropical
cyclone[2].
2. PROFILE OF ANDHRA PRADESH
Andhra Pradesh has three regions which are distinct in terms
of socioeconomic characteristics and have region specific
resource base. Of the twenty-three districts, nine are in
Coastal Andhra region; ten in Telangana region and four in
Rayalaseema region. Andhra Pradesh (A.P.) is highly prone
to natural disasters. Floods and cyclones are a recurrent
phenomenon in Andhra Pradesh. Susceptibility to disasters
is compounded by frequent occurrences of manmade
disasters such as fire, industrial accidents etc. While
accurate data is in the process of being collated and
analyzed; recent floods in Kurnool and other coastal districts
in October-November 2009 have reversed the development
growth experienced by Andhra Pradesh in the last decade.
Frequent disasters lead to erosion of development gains and
restricted options for the disaster victims. Physical safety,
especially of the vulnerable groups, is routinely threatened
by natural hazards. Recent floods in A.P. have very clearly
illustrated the need for multi-hazard prevention, response
and recovery plans for natural hazards so that threat to
human life and property is minimized.
3. HISTORY OF CYCLONES IN ANDHRA
PRADESH
In peninsular India, cyclones occur frequently on both the
coasts i.e. The West Coast (Arabian Sea) and East Coast
(Bay of Bengal). But the East Coast is considered to be one
of the most cyclone prone areas of the world. An analysis of
the frequencies of cyclones on the East and West coasts of
India during 1891- 1990 shows that nearly 262 cyclones
occurred (92 severe) in a 50 km wide strip on the East
Coast, Less severe cyclonic activity on West Coast
amounting to 33 cyclones in the same period. About eighty
tropical cyclones (with wind speeds equal to or greater than
35 knots) form in the world’s waters every year. Of these
about 6.5% develop in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.
Since the frequency of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal is
about 5 to 6 times the frequency of those in the Arabian Sea,
the Bay of Bengal’s share comes out to be about 5.5%. The
Bay of Bengal is one of the major centers of the world for
breeding of tropical storms. Cyclones over the Bay of
Bengal usually move westward or northward and cross the
east coast of India or Bangladesh. When this happens, it
brings strong winds and high rainfall to the coastal region,
causing damage to property and loss of life[3].
Cyclones on the east coast originate in the Bay of Bengal,
the Andaman Sea or the South China Sea, and usually reach
the coastline of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and
West Bengal, which are most vulnerable to this type of
hazards. Two of the deadliest cyclones of this century,with
fatalities of about 10,000 people in each case, took place in
Orissa and Andhra Pradesh during October 1971 and
November 1977 respectively. The super cyclone of Orissa in
1999 caused large scale damage to life and property. Along
Andhra Pradesh coast, the section between Nizampatnam
and Machilipatnam is most prone to storm surges.
Vulnerability to storm surges is not uniform along Indian
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Special Issue: 16 | ICPECDM-2014 | Dec-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 157
coasts. Andhra Pradesh coast between Ongole and
Machilipatnam is recognized as vulnerable to high surges
among the segments of the east coast. The Bay of Bengal
accounts for seven percent of the annual tropical cyclone
activity worldwide; the recorded frequency of cyclones per
year along the Bay of Bengal is four and inevitably one of
the four transforms into a severe cyclone causing human and
property losses. Although the percentage of cyclonic activity
along the coast is relatively low, the level of human and
property loss that cyclones cause around the Bay is very
high. Cyclonic landfall usually lead to heavy rains
accompanied with high speed winds and eventually translate
into floods, as was the case with the damaging cyclone-
induced floods in the Godavari delta in August 1986. While
the entire coast of Andhra Pradesh is vulnerable to
Cyclones, nine districts identified in the map below are most
vulnerable and have recorded some levels of landfall in the
last century as shown in the table.1
Table.1: Distribution of cyclones district wise crossing the
AP Coast till 2009
S.NO District No cyclones crossing the state
Severe
cyclone
Medium/normal
cyclone
1 Nellore 11 21
2 Krishna 8 15
3 East Godavari 4 11
4 Srikakulam 4 10
5 Visakhapatnam 3 7
6 Prakasam 2 4
7 Guntur 1 2
8 West Godavari 0 0
9 Vijayanagaram 0 0
Source: APSDMP
The criteria followed by the Indian Meteorological
Department to classify the low pressure systems in the Bay
of Bengal and Arabian Sea as adopted from the World
Meteorological Organization (W.M.O.) classifications are as
given in the following table.2
Table: 2 Classification of cyclones
S.No category Wind speed in
km/h
1 Super Cyclonic Storm ≥ 222
2 Very Severe Cyclonic
Storm
119 to 221
3 Severe Cyclonic Storm 89 to 118
4 Cyclonic Storm 62 to 88
5 Deep Depression 50 to 61
6 Depression 31 to 49
7 Low Pressure Area < 31
Source: APSDMP
4. HISTORY OF HUDHUD CYCLONE
History of Hudhud cyclone was the second strongest
tropical cyclone of 2014 within the North Indian Ocean, as
well as the most destructive tropical cyclone in the basin
since Nargis in 2008.Hudhud originated from a low pressure
system that formed under the influence of an upper-air
cyclonic circulation in the Andaman sea on October 6.
Hudhud intensified into a cyclonic storm on October 8 and
as a Severe Cyclonic Storm on October 9. Hudhud
underwent rapid deepening in the following days and was
classified as a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm by the IMD.
Shortly before landfall near Visakhapatnam, Andhra
Pradesh, on October 12, Hudhud reached its peak strength
with three minute wind speeds of 175 km/h (109 mph) and a
minimum central pressure of 960 mbar (28.35 in Hg). The
system then drifted northwards towards Uttar pradesh and
Nepal, causing widespread rains in both areas and heavy
snowfall in the latter.[4][5]
Hudhud caused extensive damage
to the city of Visakhapatnam and the neighbouring districts
of Vizianagaram and Srikakulam of Andhra Pradesh.
Damages are estimated to be at least 70000 crore [6]
with
assessments still underway.[7]
At least 109 deaths have been
confirmed, a majority of them from Andhra Pradesh and
Nepal, with the latter experiencing an avalanche due to the
cyclone.
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A Blown away bridge near Visakhapatnam:
A road way destruction near Visakhapatnam
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Images of Structural and non structural failures during the Hudhud cyclone in Vizag
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HSBC Building in Visakhapatnam, the structure servived without any damage
5. EFFECTS OF HUDHUD CYCLONE:
The cyclone, that made landfall in the Port City around noon
witnessed the following
1)The hoardings and tin roofs flying like saucers, shattered
windows leaving the streets littered with glass shreds,
toppled over statues of leaders in many places as well as
landmarks like the replica of the navy airplane on RK
Beach.
2)Scores of electricity and telephone poles were knocked
down and thousands of trees uprooted as strong gales
accompanied by heavy rainfall lashed the city.
3) Paddy fields and fruit orchards spread over thousands of
acres, and long stretches of roads in north coastal Andhra
and East Godavari district were damaged in the heavy rain
and winds brought by Cyclone Hudhud . Almost every
household in the four affected districts suffered damage at
least to some extent.
4) With heavy destruction of basic infrastructure in the
region, industrial production and business transactions were
badly hit. And with electricity unlikely to be restored in the
next couple of days, officials fear more losses. Though the
state government is yet to estimate the total loss, it is
expected to be at least Rs 10,000 crore.
5) Reports of damage to hundreds of fishing boats have
come in from Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam,
and East Godavari districts.
6) Scores of communication towers were also uprooted by
strong winds, disrupting telephone and mobile network.
7) Restoration works have been initiated on a war footing.
8) Hudhud slamming into the Vizag coast on Sunday
morning, people faced anxious moments as their phones
(both mobile and landline) went phut, cutting them off from
their near and dear ones. By afternoon, when Hudhud made
a landfall, most of the phone lines in the city either went
dead or had only enough signal to send only SOS SMSes.
9) With the power discom switching off power supply from
the early hours of Sunday in Visakhapatnam, Srikakulam
and Vizianagaram districts, most of the telecom towers
faced downtime.
10) 436 villages across 64 mandals in the five districts have
been identified as exposed to the threat of cyclone. The
government has identified 370 relief camps for the
evacuated people in these districts 35,000 persons have been
evacuated in Srikakulam district, 6,000 in Vizianagaram,
15,000 in Visakhapatnam, 50,000 in East Godavari and
5,000 in the West Godavari district.
6. COPING STRATEGIES
The importance of the need for serious consideration in the
light of Hudhud
Better use of channels of communication available
by revamping the existing procedures.
Establishing the direct communication between the
CWC and the district head quarters to include VHF
sets
Need for interpretation of the messages at the district
head quarters and prioritization of the tasks need to
be done by various line departments based on the
assessment of the warning messages
Focusing on the vulnerable inaccessible villages in
the affected areas for dissemination of warning and
standby preparations for evacuation to be kept ready
should cyclone change its course
Increase awareness level in the officials and public
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Increase the capacity of villages to receive warnings
by other media channels over and above the
dissemination through the revenue channel
7. DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The following may be some recommendations for
improvement in disaster management plan.
Emergency shelters should be properly maintained
and more school should be earmarked for shelter
purpose in future,While constructing new school
building in disaster affected areas more fund should
be allocated for additional safety measures in these
buildings.
NGOs,community based organizations should be
integrated in the community disaster response and
rehabilitation planning.A mechanism should be also
be created to make NGOs accountable for all the aid
received which could be done through initial
identification of the NGOs and rating their work.
It is necessary that warning should be more location
specific and built up credibility in warning system.
The organizations and institutes responsible for
emergency response such as Army, police, hospital
etc. in the vulnerable areas, disaster management
drills should be taken regurly and seriously.Regural
mock drill exercises,training and advance
preparations of response plans in those organizations
are essential elements for effective dealing in
emergency situations.
Research on disasters and reduction of their impact
should be given priority and the output should be
used in policy formulation and project selection.
In ordered to prevent inappropriate construction of
building,the building code should be strictly
implemented.
There is an urgent need to improve road
infrastructure, transportation and communication
facilities in disaster prone areas.
Political determination and quick decision making is
needed to carry out disaster management activities
efficiently and effectively.
Encourage shelterbelt plantation in coastal areas to
reduce wind velocity.
Disaster resistant crops should be encouraged to
plant by farmers.
Increase in population and increasing poverty have
put a tremendous pressure in natural resources and
the environment. Degradation of environment,
disasters and poverty form a vicious cycle and this
cycle can be overcome only by a careful
environment management planning and integrating
it with disaster management and poverty allevation.
There should be a proper land use control and
settlement policy in the state.
Disasters, their impact on life and poverty and their
management should be included In academic course
from school level .
8. CONCLUSION
In the light of Pre and Post Hudhud cyclone effects, the
Cyclone management in the Andhra pradesh is well
coordinated and is executed with dedication by the all the
members involved in the various operations. However,
there is a need to be more pro-active before the hazard
strikes, still requires to be given more attention and adequate
funds should be earmarked for this purpose. There is a need
to design the structures by the structural Engineers based on
wind speed exceeding 70 m/s in future in the light of
Hudhud cyclone especially structures located in the coastal
region of Andhrapradesh. It is recommended to encourage
the shelter belt plantation along the coast to reduce the wind
velocity and disaster resistant crops should be encouraged to
plant by formers. Relief and mitigation expenditures on
account of different calamities have to met out of
Calamity relief fund at state level under the chairmanship
of the chief minister for overall supervisions and monitoring
at the state level.
REFERENCES
[1] Edward Bryant, “Natural hazards”, Cambridge
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[2] Henderson A et al “ Tropical cyclones and global
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of the American meteorological society,1998,vol
92,pp 171-179.
[3] Andhra Pradesh State Disaster Management Plan
(AP SDMP) , revenue dept, vol 1, Aug 2010.India
Meteorological Department. Retrieved 15 October
2014.
[4] "Nepal vows new safety rules for trekkers after
deaths of 41 killed in blizzard, avalanches". 21
October 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014
[5] "HUDHUD Relief Effort". Go Fund Me. 26 October
2014. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
[6] "Cyclone Hudhud impact: Death toll rises to 35 in
Andhra Pradesh". Deccan Chronicle. 15 October
2014. Retrieved 15 October 2014
[7] The times of India , Retrieved 15 October 2014
[8] www.wickiepaedia.com
[9] D.V.Rao, “Disaster management in andhrapradesh-
Cyclones” Proceedings of National conference on
disaster prevention mitigation and management,
October 2001.
[10] Akshaya kumar sabat et.al “Orissa and natural
disaster” Proceedings of IC-NHDM -2007 ,
December 2007,pp 33-40.
[11] B V Ramana Prasad “ Review of Indian Tropical
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NHDM -2007 , December 2007,pp 66-74.
[12] www.google.com