This Presentation is about the introduction of International Relation, the subject matter of IR, It's historical and institutional evolution and nature of IR.
Central Asian States and pakistan relationsTallat Satti
Central Asian republics attained independence from the Soviet Union in the early 1990s(1991), Central Asian States have assumed great significance in Pakistan’s foreign policy considerations.
Central Asia comprises five independent republics, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan
The Postulates on Russia’s Foreign Policy developed with the participation of the Russian International Affairs Council’s members and experts discuss Russia’s position in the international arena, the role of global challenges in shaping the foreign policy agenda and outline foreign policy priorities for the period from 2012 to 2018. The main purpose of the Postulates is to encourage a public discourse about new contours and orientation of Russia’s foreign policy and to devise the solutions to be protected against traditional and emerging security challenges.
This Presentation is about the introduction of International Relation, the subject matter of IR, It's historical and institutional evolution and nature of IR.
Central Asian States and pakistan relationsTallat Satti
Central Asian republics attained independence from the Soviet Union in the early 1990s(1991), Central Asian States have assumed great significance in Pakistan’s foreign policy considerations.
Central Asia comprises five independent republics, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan
The Postulates on Russia’s Foreign Policy developed with the participation of the Russian International Affairs Council’s members and experts discuss Russia’s position in the international arena, the role of global challenges in shaping the foreign policy agenda and outline foreign policy priorities for the period from 2012 to 2018. The main purpose of the Postulates is to encourage a public discourse about new contours and orientation of Russia’s foreign policy and to devise the solutions to be protected against traditional and emerging security challenges.
The prime objective of a state is to improve the quality of life of its citizens. For this, the state formulates a comprehensive set of interdependent policies.
Foreign policy is one such policy formulated to achieve the above objectives by utilizing the foreign relations of a country
Multiple constants & variables determine the foreign policy of a country; This presentation attempts to explain those determinants
Its word version is available on my website mentioned above. You will find many other articles and presentations there
oBJECTIVE
to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology
to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy
to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Model 2014–2015Russian Council
The working paper is devoted to the activities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), its influence on the Central Asian region, adjacent areas and states. Its relevance derives from the national security interests of Russia and the Central Asian region, connected to the need to develop and adopt a long-term SCO Development Strategy up to 2025. The document provides different scenarios for the Organisation’s development, its likely reaction to crises in the region, including in Afghanistan, the possibility of the key players (Russia and China) strengthening its potential, as well as options for increasing the number of permanent members and collaborating with observer countries (India, Pakistan, Iran and Mongolia).
The possibilities for and impediments to strengthening the geopolitical role of the SCO are analysed and practical recommendations are given.
The prime objective of a state is to improve the quality of life of its citizens. For this, the state formulates a comprehensive set of interdependent policies.
Foreign policy is one such policy formulated to achieve the above objectives by utilizing the foreign relations of a country
Multiple constants & variables determine the foreign policy of a country; This presentation attempts to explain those determinants
Its word version is available on my website mentioned above. You will find many other articles and presentations there
oBJECTIVE
to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology
to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy
to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Model 2014–2015Russian Council
The working paper is devoted to the activities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), its influence on the Central Asian region, adjacent areas and states. Its relevance derives from the national security interests of Russia and the Central Asian region, connected to the need to develop and adopt a long-term SCO Development Strategy up to 2025. The document provides different scenarios for the Organisation’s development, its likely reaction to crises in the region, including in Afghanistan, the possibility of the key players (Russia and China) strengthening its potential, as well as options for increasing the number of permanent members and collaborating with observer countries (India, Pakistan, Iran and Mongolia).
The possibilities for and impediments to strengthening the geopolitical role of the SCO are analysed and practical recommendations are given.
These slides aim to explain in brief what the League of Arab States is and what its functions are.
Enjoy and remember to subscribe.
Comments are welcome.
Prospects for Russian-Chinese Cooperation in Central Asia. RIAC ReportRussian Council
The Working Paper is prepared by the Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) as part of the “Russia’s Interests in Central Asia” project. The goal of the publication is to outline the possibilities of cooperation between Russia and China in Central Asia by analyzing the interests of the two countries in relation to the interests of the Central Asian states themselves. The Paper also discusses risks and security challenges which are on the rise in the region and may impede the implementation of economic development projects such as the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) and the Chinese Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) initiative.
The Working Paper covers the economic interests and presence of Russia and China in the region, and compares their resources for ensuring security. Special attention is paid to the possible cooperation between the two powers in tying together the EEU and the SREB. The authors suggest several promising formats and areas which are in the best interests of both Russia and China, and, first and foremost, in the best interests of the Central Asian states themselves.
In this presentation, we will discuss about International Economic Cooperation and Agreement in detail, focusing on various International and domestic trade blocs, NAFTA, SAARC and numerous other international commodity agreement.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Teorya ng Produksyon, input at output, law of deminishing returns para sa Aralin Panlipunan IV na pwedeng idownloard at magamit ng mga guro at mga mag-aaral. Sinamban
The presentation about Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) for Master of Economic Governance Students at the OSCE Academy in Bishkek
International organization : Media & Current Affairs : Student CollaborationAli Haider Saeed
An illustration of student-teacher collaborative discussion model in the subject of Media & Current Affairs during the Fall session 2020, Students engaged in the discussion on International Organizations
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
2. INTRODUCTION
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
Shanghai Pact
Shanghai Five
is a Eurasian political, economic and military organization
which was founded in 2001 in Shanghai by the leaders of
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan & Uzbekistan.
These countries, except for Uzbekistan, had been members of
the Shanghai Five, founded in 1996; after the inclusion of
Uzbekistan in 2001, the members renamed the organization.
3. Origins and Background
• The Shanghai Five grouping was created 26 April 1996 with the
signing of the Treaty on Deepening Military Trust in Border Regions
in Shanghai by the heads of states of Kazakhstan, the People's
Republic of China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan.
• On 24 April 1997, the same countries signed the Treaty on Reduction
of Military Forces in Border Regions in a meeting in Moscow.
• Uzbekistan was admitted in the Shanghai Five mechanism and all six
heads of state signed on 15 June 2001, the Declaration of Shanghai
Cooperation Organization
4. MEMBER AND OBSERVER STATES
MEMBER STATE
People's Republic of China
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Russia
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
Pakistan
India
OBSERVER AND Dialogue STATES
OBSERVERS
• Iran
• Mongolia
• Afghanistan
• Byelorussia
Dialogue State
• Turkey
• Nepal
• Armenia
• Sri Lanka
• Cambodia
6. Purposes of SCO
• strengthening mutual trust and good-neighborliness and friendship
among member states,
• developing their effective cooperation in political affairs, the economy
and trade, science and technology, culture, education, energy,
transportation, environmental protection and other fields,
• working together to maintain regional peace, security and stability,
• promoting the creation of a new international political and economic
order featuring democracy, justice and rationality.
7. Principles of SCO
• Adherence to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the
United Nations,
• Respect for each other's independence, sovereignty and territorial
integrity, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, mutual
non-use or threat of use of force,
• Equality among all member states,
• Settlement of all questions through consultations,
8. Principles
• non-alignment and no directing against any other country or
organization,
• opening to the outside world and willingness to carry out all forms of
dialogues, exchanges and cooperation with other countries and
relevant international or regional organizations.
9. SCO relation with other organizations
• The SCO has established relations with the United Nations,
• Where it is an observer in the General Assembly,
• The European Union,
• Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN),
• The Commonwealth of Independent States and
• The Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
10. Relation with WEST
• Western media observers believe that one of the original purposes of the
SCO was to serve as a counterbalance to NATO and in particular to avoid
conflicts that would allow the United States to intervene in areas bordering
both Russia and China.
• While the SCO (together with the BRICS) is described by Western analysts
as a way for Russia and China to cooperate with each other in creating
stability in Central Asia as well as challenging the current, Western-
dominated global order, the organization's lack of resources are seen as a
sign of weakness.
• The SCO has made no direct comments against the U.S. or its military
presence in the region; however, some indirect statements at the past
summits have been viewed by the western media as "thinly veiled swipes
at Washington”.
11. Institutional Set-Up of SCO
• Council of Heads of State
• Council of Heads of Government
• Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs
• Conference of Heads of Agencies
• Council of National Coordinators
• Secretariat (Dmitry Fedorovich Mezentsev)
• Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure (RATS)
12. SCO Cooperation in Various Areas
• SCO cooperation has covered wide-ranging areas
such as security, the economy, transportation,
culture, disaster relief and law enforcement, with
security and economic cooperation.
• SCO security cooperation focuses on the fight against
terrorism, separatism and extremism.
• Bilateral and multilateral joint anti-terrorism military
exercises among member states.
13. SCO Cooperation in Various Areas
• The SCO was among the first international organizations to advocate
explicitly the fight against the three evil forces.On15 June 2001, the
day when the SCO was founded, the Shanghai Convention Against
Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism was signed, clearly defining
terrorism, separatism and extremism for the first time on the
international arena.
• The year 2002 saw the establishment of mechanisms for economic
and trade as well as transportation ministerial meetings successively
as initial attempts to explore avenues of substantive cooperation in
trade, investment, transportation, energy and other areas.