The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, promote peaceful nuclear energy cooperation, and further disarmament goals. Established in 1968 and effective from 1970, it recognizes five nuclear weapon states and has non-signatory countries like India and Pakistan. Critics argue that the treaty has been ineffective in halting nuclear proliferation and that nuclear disarmament progress has been minimal.

1. NUCLEAR NON-
PROLIFERATION TREATY
Shaheera Hassan

2. OBJECTIVE OFTHETREATY
■ to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and
weapons technology
■ to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses
of nuclear energy
■ to further the goal of achieving nuclear
disarmament and general and complete
disarmament.

3. ■ Signed on July 1, 1968
■ Location New York, United States
■ Effective from March 5, 1970
■ Condition was ratifications of The Soviet Union, The United Kingdom,
The United States and 40 other signatory states.
■ Parties-
■ Non-Parties are 5; Iran, Pakistan, India, North Korea and South
Sudan.
■ Depository are The Government of United States Of America, The
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics.
■ Languages English, Russian, French, Spanish and Chinese

5. Continue......
■ Four UN member states have never accepted the NPT: India, Israel, and Pakistan. In
addition, South Sudan, founded in 2011, has not joined.
■ The treaty recognizes five states as nuclear weapon states:The United States, Russia,
the United Kingdom, France, and China (these are also the five permanent members
of the United Nations Security Council).The NPT is often seen to be based on a central
bargain:
■ the NPT non-nuclear-weapon states agree never to acquire nuclear weapons and
the NPT nuclear-weapon states in exchange agree to share the benefits of
peaceful nuclear technology and to pursue nuclear disarmament aimed at the
ultimate elimination of their nuclear arsenals

6. MEMBERS OF
NPT
-Shaded part in:
DARKGREEN- Accecdors-
Succecdors
LIGHTGREEN-Ratifiers
RED-Non- Signatory States
DARKBLUE-Recognized
Nuclear Weapon States
Accecder
LIGHTBLUE- Ratifiers
YELLOW-UnRecognized State
MASTARD- Withdrawn State

7. REVIEW CONFERENCES
■ Reviewed every five years.
■ Review Conferences of the Parties to theTreaty of Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons.
■ Originally conceived with a limited duration of 25 years.
■ Review Conference in NewYork City on 11 May 1995,

8. Critics
■ Critics argue that the NPT cannot stop the proliferation of nuclear weapons or the
motivation to acquire them.
■ They express disappointment with the limited progress on nuclear disarmament,
where the five authorized nuclear weapons states still have 22,000 warheads in their
combined stockpile and have shown a reluctance to disarm further.
■ Several high-ranking officials within the United Nations have said that they can do
little to stop states using nuclear reactors to produce nuclear weapons.

9. CONCLUSION