The document discusses several international organizations including the European Union, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SAARC, OIC, ECO, and Brexit. It provides background information on when each organization was established, its objectives, and structure. For the EU, it notes that the UK voted to leave in 2016 via Brexit and will likely exit by early 2019. It also provides some key statistics on the EU prior to Brexit.

1. SUBJECT: MEDIA AND CURRENT AFFAIRS
INSTRUCTOR: MR. ALI HAIDER SAEED

2. An international organization (intergovernmental organization) is an organization
established by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and
possessing its own international legal by personality, such as the United Nations,
the World Health Organization and NATO.
• Notable examples include
• The United Nations (UN).
• Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
• Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
• Council of Europe (COE),
• International Labour Organization (ILO)
• International Police Organization

3. BENEFITS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
• International organizations are known to have their cons and to some
countries the cost and the risks of joining one outweigh the benefit in
their opinion.
• An international organization can provide security, trade opportunities,
stronger relationship possibilities and finally can give them a stronger voice in
the international scheme of things.
• International organizations can provide smaller states an opportunity for
stronger economic power. This can also help build relationships with larger
states in which some believe can prevent war between one another.
• International organizations can benefit the larger states because it shows
others that they are willing to not always get their way on issues and it allows
them to work with others.

4. Shanghai Cooperation Organization:
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), or Shanghai Pact,
is a Eurasian political, economic, and security alliance, the
creation of which was announced on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai,
China by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia,
Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan;
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization Charter, formally
establishing the organization, was signed in June 2002 and
entered into force on 19 September 2003.
The original five nations, with the exclusion of Uzbekistan, were
previously members of the Shanghai Five group, founded on 26
April 1996. Since then, the organization has expanded its
membership to eight countries when India and Pakistan joined
SCO as full members on 9 June 2017 at a summit in Astana,

5. OBJECTIVES OF Shanghai cooperation
organization SCO:
Objectives of SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
• Strengthen relations among member states;
• Strengthening mutual Confidence
• Promoting effective corporation in politics, trade and
economy
• Collaborating in science and technology ventures
• Enhancing corporation in the field of energy ,
transportation, culture and tourism
• Ensuring peace , stability in the region’s
• Enhancing mutual collaboration in fighting separatism
, military , terrorism and promote the establishment of
a new democratic and just and rational political and
economic international order.

7. Area of work:
• Cooperation on security
• Military activities
• Economic cooperation
• Cultural cooperation

8. Conclusion:
The SCO is a still relatively young organisation and as such its future trajectory
is not entirely certain , and it faces a number of challenges in the year’s ahead
Indeed the strength vitality and endurance of the SCO will likely depend on two
main consideration. The effective agenda and a clarification of its identity and
role as a multilateral framework.
The SCO acknowledges that it needs to prove it can implement its already
agreed upon programs more effectively , comprehensively and thus become a
trusted and valued mechanism for security and economic cooperation for its
member States.
All the same time , by its very nature as an intergovernment framework of
multilateralism . The SCO will continue to relay on the goodwill of and the
investment of resources by its members .
It’s thus important for the SCO to maintain relative degree of harmony among
its members.
The future evolution of the SCO will in large part be determined by how it
comes to define its role within the political landscape of Eurasian

9. SAARC:
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
was established with the signing of the SAARC Charter in Dhaka
on 8 December 1985. SAARC comprises of eight Member States:
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal,
Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The Secretariat of the Association was set
up in Kathmandu on 17 January 1987.

10. SAARC:
The objectives of the Association as outlined in the SAARC Charter
are: to promote the welfare of the peoples of South Asia and to
improve their quality of life; to accelerate economic growth,
social progress and cultural development in the region and to
provide all individuals the opportunity to live in dignity and to
realize their full potentials; to promote and strengthen collective
self-reliance among the countries of South Asia; to contribute to
mutual trust, understanding and appreciation of one another's
problems; to promote active collaboration and mutual assistance
in the economic, social, cultural, technical and scientific fields; to
strengthen cooperation with other developing countries; to
strengthen cooperation among themselves in international
forums on matters of common interests; and to cooperate with
international and regional organizations with similar aims and
purposes.

11. OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of the ASSOCIATION shall be:
a) To promote the welfare of the peoples of SOUTH ASIA and to
improve their quality of life;
b) To accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural
development in the region and to provide all individuals the
opportunity to live in dignity and to realize their full potentials;
c) To promote and strengthen collective self-reliance among the
countries of SOUTH ASIA;
d) To contribute to mutual trust, understanding and appreciation of
one another's problems;

12. SAARC SUMMITS:
The Meetings of the Heads of State or Government of Member
States is the highest decision making authority under SAARC.
Summits are usually held biennially hosted by a Member State in
alphabetical order. The Member State hosting the Summit
assumes the Chair of the Association.
The key outcome of a SAARC Summit is a Declaration. The Summit
Declaration contains decisions and directives of the Leaders to
strengthen and consolidate regional cooperation in different areas
being pursued under the auspices of SAARC.
The Declaration is adopted by the Leaders at the concluding
session of a Summit.

13. SAARC SUMMITS:
S.No Location Date of Summit
1 Dhaka 7-8 December, 1985
2 Bangalore 16-17 November, 1986
3 Kanthmandu 2-4 November, 1987
4 Islamabad 2-31 December, 1988
5 Male' 21-23 November, 1990
6 Colombo 21 December, 1991
7 Dhaka 10-11 April, 1993
8 New Delhi 2-4 May, 1995
9 Male' 12-14 May, 1997
10 Colombo 29-31 July, 1998

14. OIC:
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is the second largest
inter-governmental organization after the United Nations with a
membership of 57 states spread over four continents. The
Organization is the collective voice of the Muslim world. It endeavors
to safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the
spirit of promoting international peace and harmony among various
people of the world.

15. OIC:
The Organization was established upon a decision of the historical
summit which took place in Rabat, Kingdom of Morocco on 12th
Rajab 1389 (25 September 1969) following the criminal arson of Al-
Aqsa Mosque in occupied Jerusalem.
In 1970 the first ever meeting of Islamic Conference of Foreign
Minister (ICFM) was held in Jeddah which decided to establish a
permanent secretariat in Jeddah headed by the organization’s
secretary general. Doctor Youssef Ahmed is the 11th Secretary
General who assumed the office in November 2016.

16. OIC
The first OIC Charter was adopted by the 3rd ICFM Session held
in 1972. The Charter laid down the objectives and principles of
the organization and fundamental purposes to strengthen the
solidarity and cooperation among the Member States. Over the
last 40 years, the membership has grown from its founding
members of 30 to 57 states. The Charter was amended to keep
pace with the developments that have unraveled across the
world. The present Charter of the OIC was adopted by the
Eleventh Islamic Summit held in Dakar on 13-14 March 2008 to
become the pillar of the OIC future Islamic action in line with
the requirements of the 21st century.

17. OIC
The Member States of the OIC face many challenges in the 21st century
and to address those challenges, the Third Extraordinary Session of the
Islamic Summit held in Makah in December 2005, laid down the blue print
called the Ten-Year Program of Action. It successfully concluded with the
close of 2015. A successor programed for the next decade (2016-2025)
has since then been adopted.

18. Secratery general assumes
Responsibilities for OIC:
• coordinate and harmonize, the work of the relevant Organs
of the Organization;
• prepare the program and the budget of the General
Secretariat;
• promote communication among Member States and
facilitate consultations and exchange of views as well as the
dissemination of information that could be of importance
to Member States;
• perform such other functions as are entrusted to him by
the Islamic Summit or the Council of Foreign Ministers;
• Submit annual reports to the Council of Foreign Ministers
on the work of the Organization.

19. ECO:
ECO (Economic Cooperation Organization) is a Eurasian an
economic and political economic inter-governmental organization
which was founded in 1985 in Tehran by the leaders of Iran, Pak
and Turkey.
It provides a platform to discuss ways to improve development
and promote trade, investment opportunities. The ECO’s
secretariat and cultural department are located in Iran, Its
economic bureau is in Turkey and in scientific bureau is in Pak.

20. NATURE OF ECO:
The nature of ECO is that it consist of
predominantly Muslim majority states as it is a
trade block for:
• The Central Asian state to the
Mediterranean through
• Turkey to the Persian Gulf via Iran and to
the Arabian Sea via Pakistan.

21. ECO
Established as a Regional Cooperation for (RCD) in 1964 by Iran,
Pak, and Turkey, The organization was renamed as ECO in 1985.
In 1962 and in the aftermath of Collapse of Soviet Union,
Afghanistan and six former Soviet Republic of Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan also joined the organization,
forming one of the bigger regional blocs in Asia and beyond.
In March 2017, Heads of State of the member states in their 13th
Summit in Islamabad Endorsed. ECO vision 2025 where main
direction of the ECO in the years to come are drawn.

22. SECTARY GENERAL:
The secretary general of the ECO is elected and appointed by the
council of Ministers from among the candidates nominated by
the Member states on the basis of qualification.
Chief Administrative officer of the organization, Secretary
General is responsible for all activities of the organization. H.E.
Dr. Hadi Soleimanpur (Iranian National) in ECO secretary General
as 12th secretary general.

23. EUROPEAN union And Brexit
1. European Union and Brexit Topic 4.1.5
2. The European Union (Single Market) • As of July 2016, there are
twenty-eight member nations of the EU – collectively known as
EU28. • The EU28 includes Belgium (BE), Bulgaria (BG), Croatia,
Czech Republic (CZ), Denmark (DK), Germany (DE), Estonia (EE),
Ireland (IE), Greece (EL), Spain (ES), France (FR), Italy (IT), Cyprus
(CY), Latvia (LV), Lithuania (LT), Luxembourg (LU), Hungary (HU),
Malta (MT), the Netherlands (NL), Austria (AT), Poland (PL),
Portugal (PT), Romania (RO), Slovenia (SI), Slovakia (SK), Finland
(FI), Sweden (SE) and the United Kingdom (UK). • In June 2016, the
UK voted in a binary referendum to leave the European Union. This
process is known as Brexit and the UK is expected to leave by early
2019.

24. Key statistics on the European union
These figures are prior to the Brexit vote (June 2016)
• The EU accounts for around 30 per cent of the total value of
global GDP • Total population 506m
• Live births each year 5.23m
• Largest population - Germany 81 million, Smallest – Malta 0.4
million
• The EU, with 503 million inhabitants, accounts for 7% of the
world population
• Gross domestic product of the EU €13.08tn
• Per capita GDP in the EU €25,500
• Average unemployment rate in the Euro area 12%
• Youth unemployment rate in the Euro area 23.9%

25. The UK’s decision to leave the
European Union:
• On June 23rd 2016 the UK voted in a referendum to leave the
European Union.
• Prime Minister David Cameron resigned the morning after the
vote and a few weeks later, Theresa May was elected leader of the
Conservative Party and new Prime Minister
• The process of Brexit has begun although the timing of the
decision to invoke Article 50 of the EU treaty remains uncertain
• Once Article 50 is invoked, there is a maximum period of two
years before the UK finally leaves the EU

26. European united nations:

27. THANKYOU