The document outlines the Organization of Islamic Co-operation (OIC), including its founding, structure, aims, achievements, challenges, weaknesses, and Pakistan's role. The OIC was established in 1969 in response to the burning of Al-Aqsa Mosque. It has 57 member states and aims to promote Muslim interests, fight Islamophobia, and support Palestine. The OIC faces challenges due to geographic and political diversity among members. While it has had some successes in conflict resolution, it has also faced criticisms over its perceived failures to improve Muslim conditions and respond effectively to crises.
I prepared this presentation for the end of semester. You can use it as you find it helpful.
Currently I am creating ElifNotes ( https://elifnotes.com ) for students looking help in English Literature studies.
I prepared this presentation for the end of semester. You can use it as you find it helpful.
Currently I am creating ElifNotes ( https://elifnotes.com ) for students looking help in English Literature studies.
These reports have been made by me and my classmates at IBA Karachi. The sole purpose of putting these reports here is to help the free flow of knowledge to everyone.
International organization : Media & Current Affairs : Student CollaborationAli Haider Saeed
An illustration of student-teacher collaborative discussion model in the subject of Media & Current Affairs during the Fall session 2020, Students engaged in the discussion on International Organizations
These reports have been made by me and my classmates at IBA Karachi. The sole purpose of putting these reports here is to help the free flow of knowledge to everyone.
International organization : Media & Current Affairs : Student CollaborationAli Haider Saeed
An illustration of student-teacher collaborative discussion model in the subject of Media & Current Affairs during the Fall session 2020, Students engaged in the discussion on International Organizations
This presentation talks about the introduction, scope, benefits, types and a lot more about International Organisation.
Hope you like the ppt.Good Luck :)
*content referred from another source*
A Guide For NGOs and Women's Human Rights Activists at the UN and CSW 2016BPWI
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The World Bank was created at Bretton Woods in 1944 to lend to European countries to help them rebuild after World War II. It was the world's first multilateral development bank, and was funded through the sale of World Bonds. Its first loans were to France and other European countries, but soon lent money to Chile, Mexico and India to build power plants and railways. The Bank came into formal existence on 27 December 1945 following international ratification of the Bretton Woods agreements, which emerged from the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (1–22 July 1944). It also provided the foundation of the Osiander-Committee in 1951, responsible for the preparation and evaluation of the World Development Report. Commencing operations on 25 June 1946, it approved its first loan on 9 May 1947 (US$250M to France for postwar reconstruction, in real terms the largest loan issued by the Bank to date). Its five agencies are:
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
• International Development Association (IDA)
• International Finance Corporation (IFC)
• Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
• International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
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United Nation Organization is an international organization which was established in order to stop war between countries and to set up a platform for dialogue after world war II
The Afro-Arab Summit is a meeting held between members of the League of Arab States (LAS) and the African Union (AU) to promote cooperation between the two regions. The main goals of the summit will be to resolve the growing problem of terrorist networks, especially with regards to Al Qaeda, and the lack of sufficient natural resources, specifically water, which affect socioeconomic and political issues across the African continent and Arabian sub-continent.
The hopeful outcome of the summit will be enhanced economic and political ties between the regions to help fight these specific issues, as well as other relevant problems that the two International Organizations share. The relations between Africa and the Arab world can be traced back thousands of years. Due to the strategic and economic importance of Africa and the Arab world, both of them suffered through oppressive colonial regimes and violent post-colonial struggles. Geographical proximity, history, and strong cultural links have forged solidarity and common interests between the peoples of the two regions in response to colonial exploitation and dependence. Once the Petroleum Revolution in 1973 resulted in a flush of revenue for oil-producing countries in both Africa and the Arab states, more urgent shared interests emerged.
The League of Arab States (LAS) and the African Union (AU) established official relations in March 1977 at the first Afro-Arab Summit in Cairo, in order to cooperate on political and economic issues. The first initiative was to develop a balance of interests between oil-rich Arab countries and resource and water-rich African countries so as to aid the economic development in both regions. Although a number of meetings and trade fairs took place between African and Arab states following the First Afro- Arab Summit, the Second Afro-Arab Summit in Sirte, Libya, did not take place until October 2010. The discussions at the second summit centered on the potential of partition in Sudan, the combating of terrorism, and cooperation regarding water, energy, raw materials, food production and environment.
Two central documents were passed at this summit; the “Africa- Arab Partnership Strategy” and “The Afro-Arab Joint Action Plan 2011-2016”. Nine of the members of LAS also belong to AU and together they constitute one third of the population of the entire African continent
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. Presentation:
Organization of Islamic Co-Operation (OIC)
Group members :
Shafiq ur Rahman roll no : 68
Ajaz ullah roll no : 72
Mir Afzal roll no : 65
Qauid e azam college of commerce
University of Peshawar
3. AGENDA
Origin and founding of the OIC
Organizational structure of the OIC
Aims of the OIC
Achievements
Challenges
Weaknesses of OIC
Pakistan role in OIC
4. Origin and founding of the OIC
The organization of Islamic cooperation is the 2nd largest organization
after the united nations organization.
The formation of the OIC happened shortly after the 1967 Arab-Israeli
War. Leaders of Muslim nations met in Rabat to establish the OIC on
September 25, 1969.
It was formed on September 25, 1969 in response to fire-raising attack on
mosque al Aqsa in Jerusalem by Zionist extremist.
Its priorities are promoting the interests of Muslim communities across the
world and fighting islamophobia, especially in the western world.
5. Over the last 47 years, the membership has grown from its founding members
of 25 to 57 states.
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation has 57 members, 56 of which are
also member states of the United Nations.
OIC members represent 22 per cent of the world population, have 2 per cent of
the world's GDP, 1.3 per cent of the world trade and only 1.5 per cent of the
investments.
OIC has 3 official languages: Arabic, English and French
6. OIC permanent Secretariat is located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The current
secretary general of OIC is Dr. Yousef Bin Ahmad Al Othaimeen of Saudi
Arabia. Join OIC January 2016.The Secretary General is elected for a
period of 5 years.
The OIC has 57 member states. Palestine is the only member of OIC, who is
not the member of UNO. Palestine is an observing member of United
Nations.
It is financed by contributions and donations of its members.
7. Name And Logo changes
28 June 2011 during 38 council of foreign Ministers meeting in “Astana,
Kazakhstan”. The Organization changed the Name from “organization of Islamic
conference” to “ organization of Islamic cooperation”.
And also changed the logo of OIC
From To
9. MEMBERS
• OIC has got 57 members in total from which
• 26 are from Asia
• 27 from Africa
• 2 from Europe
• 2 from South America
10. Besides members there are certain states and organizations with observer status:
Observer states are: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Central African Republic, Russia
and Thailand.
Observer Muslim organizations are: Moro National Liberation Front, Turkish
Cypriot State.
Observer international organizations are: Economic Cooperation Organization,
African Union, League of Arab States, Non-Aligned Movement, and the United
Nations.
11. Organizational structure of the OIC
Main Organs
1. Islamic summit:
• The Islamic Summit is composed of Kings and Heads of State and
Government of Member States and is the supreme authority of the
Organization.
• The conference is held to consider issues of critical importance to the
Muslim world and formulate policies on them which are implemented
by the organization.
• The Islamic Summit shall convene every three years in one of the
Member States.
12. 2. Council of Foreign Ministers:
• The Council of Foreign Ministers shall be convened once a year in
one of the Member States. They Should be Considering
Reviewing progress of the implementation of the decisions and
resolutions adopted at the previous Summits and Councils of Foreign
Ministers.
Considering and approving the programme, budget and other financial
and administrative reports of the General Secretariat and Subsidiary
Organs.
Recommending to establish any new organ or committee;
Electing the Secretary General and appointing the Assistant Secretaries
General Accordance Article.
13. 3. Standing Committees:
In order to advance issues of critical importance to the Organization and its
Member States, the Organization has formed the following Standing
Committees.
i. Al Quds Committee
ii. Standing Committee for Information and Cultural Affairs (COMIAC)
iii. Standing Committee for Economic and Commercial Cooperation (COMCEC)
iv. Standing Committee for Scientific and Technological
Cooperation (COMSTECH).
The Standing Committees are chaired by Kings and Heads of State and
Government and are established in accordance with decisions of the Summit
or upon the recommendation of the Council of Foreign Ministers and the
membership of such Committees.
14. General Secretariat
The General Secretariat who shall be the Chief Administrative Officer of the Organization.
The Secretary-General shall be elected by the Council of Foreign Ministers for a
period of five years. The Secretary-General shall be elected
from among nationals of the Member States. The secretary renewable once time. The
secretary general elected accordance with the principles of equitable geographical
distribution.
“Secretaries general of the organization of the Islamic cooperation.
15. The Secretary General responsibilities.
a. follow-up the implementation of decisions, resolutions and recommendations
of the Islamic Summits, and Councils of Foreign Ministers and other
Ministerial meetings.
b. provide the Member States with working papers and memoranda, in
implementation of the decisions, resolutions and recommendations of the
Islamic Summits and the Councils of Foreign Ministers;
c. coordinate and harmonize, the work of the relevant Organs of the Organization.
16. Specialized institutions
The number and types of secondary organs and institutions, working toward the achievement of
the OIC objectives, and cover various areas.
Islamic Development Bank
Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Islamic States Broadcasting Organization
International Islamic News Agency
Islamic Committee of the International Crescent
The Science, Technology and Innovation Organization
17. Aims of OIC
To safeguard people of the member states and Muslims.
Strengthen Islamic solidarity.
Consolidate Cooperation among members states in social, cultural and
scientific fields
Safeguard the Holy places.
Support the struggle of the Palestinian people.
Eliminate racial discrimination and all forms of colonialism.
18. Achievements
In 1970 when a conflict broke out between Jordan and Palestine Liberation
Organization, the Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Naseer and Saudi
Arabia’s King Faisal jointly led the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and
the Arab League initiative to resolve the clash.
In 1974, the conflict between the newly formed Bangladesh and Pakistan
was successfully solved by the Organization.
19. The organization of Islamic Cooperation leadership also gained
confidence on the issue of Ramadan War in 1973 against Israel.
OIC leadership also successfully solved the issue of oil restriction
against the supporters of Israel in 1974.
The Organization also adopted various resolutions declaring the Jihad
in numerous fields against the Israeli occupation of Palestine land and
to force Israel to follow the United Nation resolutions on the matter.
20. Challenges
Difficulties in coordination.
Geographically dispersed (Africa, Asia, Middle East, Southeast Asia)
Politically diverse. (Islamic Republics, Monarchies, Democracy,
Military Dictatorships)
National Income differences (Richest like Saudi Arabia and poorest
Afghanistan)
21. The unifying force is Islam. Aims to protect the Islam from Western
materialism.
Foreign occupation of Muslim lands.
Tensions arising from Muslim minority status in a number of countries.
Extremist tendencies due to feelings of injustice, hopelessness and
desperation.
22. Failure of OIC
The OIC fails to establish a Peaceful Muslim world;
Failure of establishing a security and peaceful Muslim world: Considering of
what kind of goal, OIC established in 1967 for the Muslim world, it has become
totally failure to fulfill of those goal.
The crisis of Palestine;
It has been saying since the establishment of OIC that, to give Arabian right, to
establish Arabian rule in Jerusalem, to give the right for the Palestine peoples
and abdicate from Arabian land which was grabbed by Israel but OIC couldn’t
do anything for the Muslim world except passing a few regulations.
23. The USA started a war against Iraq and the Organization of Islamic
Cooperation was just a spectator.
Afghanistan crisis;
OIC played a minimum role by giving support of ethical and
materialism to Afghanistan during the Soviet Aggression.
Rebels in Libya were supported by the French Air Force and the
OIC did not move forward to even take a notice
Except these crises OIC has more failure like Balkan crisis, Gulf
crisis, Egypt crisis and Libya crisis as well as Syria crisis OIC is
playing minor role to mitigate of these crises.
24. Weaknesses of OIC
OIC members represent 22 per cent of the world population, have
2 per cent of the world's GDP, 1.3 per cent of the world trade and
only 1.5 per cent of the investments. Twenty five per cent of OIC
population does not have access to medical facilities or safe
drinking water.
Half of the population lives below the poverty line classified as the
most poor. No Muslim country is in the top list of the Human
Development Index or in any other global economic indicators.
25. The OIC member countries possess 70 per cent of the world's
energy resources and 40 per cent of available raw material but their
GDP is only 5 per cent of the world GDP. Muslim countries
miserably lag behind in education and technology.
They produce only 500 PhDs each year as compared to 3,000 in
India and 5,000 in the United Kingdom. None of their educational
or research institutions or centers of excellence find place in the top
100 in the world.
26. The OIC has always attempted to resolve conflicts among its member
states by peaceful means.
Millions of Muslims across the world lost their lives and property in
unjust and illegal western and Israeli engineered wars in their
respective countries under the facade of “combating terrorism”,
“restoring democracy”, “regime change” or “prevention” of nuclear war.
The lives of Muslims in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria and now Egypt will
never be the same again and they feel excluded and betrayed by their
own brethren like never before.
27. Pakistan Role in OIC
In terms of population, it is the OIC's second largest member. Being the only
Muslim country with nuclear weapons, having the seventh-largest standing
military force, through research at NESCOM and DESTO and a large labour
workforce working in various Muslim countries, play a role in its prominence.
Pakistan's solidarity with Palestine:
In line with OIC strong stance against the occupation of Palestine by Israel,
Pakistan has continuously adopted a stance against Israel, while maintaining
moral solidarity with Palestine.
28. Military cooperation
Army collaboration
See also Pakistan military cooperation with Saudi
Arabia, Indonesia, UAE, Brunei, Nigeria and Middle Eastern Countries.
Pakistan Army Military College of Signals has trained more than 500 officers from
places such as Burma, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bosnia, Gambia, Ghana, Indonesia, Iraq,
Iran, Jordan, Libya, Malaysia, Oman, Nepal, Nigeria, Oman, Palestine, Sudan, South
Africa, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE and Zambia, most
of these countries are member of OIC.
29. Naval collaboration
More than 1900 officers from Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, UAE,
Bahrain, Qatar, Palestine, Turkmenistan, Lebanon, Iran, Ghana, Jordan, Kuwait,
Libya and Oman have been trained in Pakistan Naval
Academy.[5] Pakistan SSGN has also trained officers from countries like Saudi
Arabia, Egypt, Qatar and Iran.
30. Since Islam gives priority for brotherhood rather than border or territory, if they
successfully apply the single Islamic value of “unity” among the members, they can
bolster their declining status. To address Islamic world issues, the great or emerging
power in Islamic world; Turkey, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Malaysia and
Indonesia, should take leading rule or decision-making rule. They should take a
problem of a single country as a whole and deal with till to find a proper solution.
This solution should be in the frame of their charter and may pay cost where it
needs.
To enhance their influence over member countries, OIC should develop trade relations
among member countries and pave the way to sign free trade agreement and remove or
reduce economic or trade barriers in its member states. So then, being as a member of OIC,
may have enough value and privilege, because they will enjoy free trade and less economic
barriers. It will be a good incentive for member countries and will play a good role for
enhancing of political and economic leverage of OIC and most of its member will very
hardly dare to breach the charter or violate the notion of OIC. So then suspending a
membership will both economically and politically affect a relevant country.