A Quick Intro to 
Descriptive 
Metadata 
LIS 653 
Starr Hoffman
An Introduction to Metadata 
Metadata: “data about data” 
 Generic term for cataloging formats 
 (MARC, Dublin Core, EAD, etc.) 
 Frequently means newer-generation formats 
 Can describe any kind of information object
How it All Fits Together 
Record 
Authority control 
(standardized author 
name: J. R. R. Tolkien) 
(representation 
of bibliographic 
information) 
Encoding 
(MARC, XML) 
Code 
(rules: AACR2, 
RDA) 
Structure 
(ISBD, XML) 
Subject 
headings 
(LCSH, Sears, AAT) 
Classification 
(shelving: LC, 
Dewey) 
Model 
(FRBR, trad. 
model) 
Record is displayed in an OPAC, 
online database, etc. 
Format 
(MARC, 
Dublin Core)
Record Formats as Containers… 
the MARC bottle the Dublin Core bottle 
<Identifier>47809907 </Identifier> 
<Language>en</Language> 
<Title>Club Kaycee</Title> 
<Publisher>University of Missouri—Kansas 
City</Publisher> 
<Date>1996</Date> 
<Source>RCA LPV-511</Source> 
<Format>Internet resource</Format> 
<Description>Information about the jazz 
music and musicians in Kansas 
City.</Description> 
<Contributor>Haddix, Chuck, 
author</Contributor> 
<Contributor>Middleton, Scott, engineer 
</Contributor> 
<Relation IsPartOf>University of Missouri— 
Kansas City University Libraries web 
site</Relation IsPartOf> 
<Subject>Jazz – Kansas City</Subject> 
<Rights>University of Missouri—Kansas City, 
copyright holder</Rights> 
001 47809907 
008 010820m1996uuuumouaco s 000 0 eng dnamIa 
040 UMK|cUMK 
245 00 Club Kaycee|h[computer file] :|bjazz sites & 
sounds from the Sound Archives & music collections of 
the Miller Nichols Library at the University of Missouri-- 
Kansas City. 
260 Kansas City, Mo. :|bUniversity of Missouri--Kansas 
City,|cc1996- 
500 Title from title screen; as viewed on Aug. 20, 2001. 
520 Information about the jazz music and musicians in 
Kansas City. 
538 Mode of access: World Wide Web via the Internet. 
650 0 Jazz|zMissouri|zKansas City. 
700 1 Haddix, Chuck.|4aut 
710 2 University of Missouri--Kansas City.|bMarr Sound 
Archives. 
856 41 |zAccess University of Missouri--Kansas City Web 
site|uhttp:// www.umkc.edu/orgs/kcjazz/
Metadata Types (Functions) 
Descriptive 
 The what, where, who, and when 
 + subject description 
Administrative 
 Rights, legal access requirements, etc. 
Preservation 
 Physical condition 
 Preservation history 
 Migration (digital) 
Technical 
 Hardware/software documentation 
 Security data 
Use 
 Circulation records 
 Exhibition records 
 Search logs
Metadata 
Some is auto-generated…
Metadata Schemas 
 MARC 
 Dublin Core 
 EAD 
 Encoded Archival Description 
 VRA 
 CDWA 
 Categories for the Description of Works of Art
Metadata Schemas 
Dublin Core 
 Simple format 
 Encoded in XML 
 15 elements: 
 None are required 
 All are repeatable 
Sample record: 
http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark%3A/67531/metadc373/
Metadata Comparisons… 
Type of Standard Example: Libraries Example: General Example: Archives 
& Museums 
Example: 
Art Collections 
FORMAT(metadata element 
sets, schemas). These are 
"containers" of data that make 
up a record or other 
information object. 
MARC Dublin Core 
(Or others) 
EAD CDWA, VRA 
CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES 
(thesauri, subject headings, 
authority control). 
LCSH, LCNAF (name 
authority), TGM, TGN 
Any controlled 
vocabulary can be 
used. 
LCSH, LCNAF (name 
authority) 
AAT (Art & 
Architecture 
Thesaurus), ULAN, 
ICONCLASS 
RULES or CODES for 
cataloging… These are 
guidelines for the format and 
syntax of the data. 
AACR2, RDA, ISBD (Varies by metadata 
use.) 
In libraries: RDA 
Describing Archives: A 
Content Standard 
(DACS) 
Cataloging Cultural 
Objects (CCO) 
ENCODING (metadata 
standards expressed in 
machine-readable form). This 
data is encoded or marked up 
for machine processing. 
MARC21 XML 
…also METS, MODS 
XML 
…also METS 
XML

LIS 653, Session 4-B: Introduction to Descriptive Metadata

  • 1.
    A Quick Introto Descriptive Metadata LIS 653 Starr Hoffman
  • 2.
    An Introduction toMetadata Metadata: “data about data”  Generic term for cataloging formats  (MARC, Dublin Core, EAD, etc.)  Frequently means newer-generation formats  Can describe any kind of information object
  • 4.
    How it AllFits Together Record Authority control (standardized author name: J. R. R. Tolkien) (representation of bibliographic information) Encoding (MARC, XML) Code (rules: AACR2, RDA) Structure (ISBD, XML) Subject headings (LCSH, Sears, AAT) Classification (shelving: LC, Dewey) Model (FRBR, trad. model) Record is displayed in an OPAC, online database, etc. Format (MARC, Dublin Core)
  • 5.
    Record Formats asContainers… the MARC bottle the Dublin Core bottle <Identifier>47809907 </Identifier> <Language>en</Language> <Title>Club Kaycee</Title> <Publisher>University of Missouri—Kansas City</Publisher> <Date>1996</Date> <Source>RCA LPV-511</Source> <Format>Internet resource</Format> <Description>Information about the jazz music and musicians in Kansas City.</Description> <Contributor>Haddix, Chuck, author</Contributor> <Contributor>Middleton, Scott, engineer </Contributor> <Relation IsPartOf>University of Missouri— Kansas City University Libraries web site</Relation IsPartOf> <Subject>Jazz – Kansas City</Subject> <Rights>University of Missouri—Kansas City, copyright holder</Rights> 001 47809907 008 010820m1996uuuumouaco s 000 0 eng dnamIa 040 UMK|cUMK 245 00 Club Kaycee|h[computer file] :|bjazz sites & sounds from the Sound Archives & music collections of the Miller Nichols Library at the University of Missouri-- Kansas City. 260 Kansas City, Mo. :|bUniversity of Missouri--Kansas City,|cc1996- 500 Title from title screen; as viewed on Aug. 20, 2001. 520 Information about the jazz music and musicians in Kansas City. 538 Mode of access: World Wide Web via the Internet. 650 0 Jazz|zMissouri|zKansas City. 700 1 Haddix, Chuck.|4aut 710 2 University of Missouri--Kansas City.|bMarr Sound Archives. 856 41 |zAccess University of Missouri--Kansas City Web site|uhttp:// www.umkc.edu/orgs/kcjazz/
  • 6.
    Metadata Types (Functions) Descriptive  The what, where, who, and when  + subject description Administrative  Rights, legal access requirements, etc. Preservation  Physical condition  Preservation history  Migration (digital) Technical  Hardware/software documentation  Security data Use  Circulation records  Exhibition records  Search logs
  • 7.
    Metadata Some isauto-generated…
  • 8.
    Metadata Schemas MARC  Dublin Core  EAD  Encoded Archival Description  VRA  CDWA  Categories for the Description of Works of Art
  • 9.
    Metadata Schemas DublinCore  Simple format  Encoded in XML  15 elements:  None are required  All are repeatable Sample record: http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark%3A/67531/metadc373/
  • 10.
    Metadata Comparisons… Typeof Standard Example: Libraries Example: General Example: Archives & Museums Example: Art Collections FORMAT(metadata element sets, schemas). These are "containers" of data that make up a record or other information object. MARC Dublin Core (Or others) EAD CDWA, VRA CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES (thesauri, subject headings, authority control). LCSH, LCNAF (name authority), TGM, TGN Any controlled vocabulary can be used. LCSH, LCNAF (name authority) AAT (Art & Architecture Thesaurus), ULAN, ICONCLASS RULES or CODES for cataloging… These are guidelines for the format and syntax of the data. AACR2, RDA, ISBD (Varies by metadata use.) In libraries: RDA Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS) Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO) ENCODING (metadata standards expressed in machine-readable form). This data is encoded or marked up for machine processing. MARC21 XML …also METS, MODS XML …also METS XML

Editor's Notes

  • #3 Metadata: “data about data” Can be used as a generic term for all cataloging formats (MARC, Dublin Core, EAD, etc.) Is most often used to refer to newer-generation formats, often encoded in XML Can describe any kind of information object: print, digital, archival, artefact, etc. Commonly used for digital collections Can be at collection-level, item-level, or both There is even metadata embedded in webpages!
  • #4 Example of metadata embedded in a web page… TITLE for the web page!
  • #5 Bibliographic record = record with descriptive information about a work (information object) that it represents Catalog = a group of records, a list of objects in a collection Model = determines how records are organized and created in a catalog (FRBR) Cataloging codes = rules for creating catalog records (AACR2, RDA) Structure = rules that help determine the order of elements & punctuation/spacing in a record (ISBD, XML) Format = format in which a record is created and/or encoded (MARC, Dublin Core) Subject heading = terms from a topical controlled vocabulary that describe the content of a work (LCSH, Sears, AAT) Authority control = term from a controlled vocabulary chosen to uniquely identify an author, corporation, book title, or series (so that all records for one author can be accessed easily) Classification scheme = assigns a unique descriptor to a work (usually based on subject), often used to indicate a work’s physical location (LC, Dewey)
  • #7 Descriptive (what we’ll focus on first) Like bibliographic catalog records: the what, where, who, and when Includes subject description Administrative Rights, legal access requirements, etc. Preservation Physical condition, actions taken to preserve digital versions, migration, etc. Technical Hardware/software documentation, security data—passwords Use Circulation records, exhibition records, user tracking, search logs
  • #8 Camera type Lens type Shutter speed Exposure, Aperture, ISO Date, Time Location (if GPS attached)
  • #9 Common Descriptive Schemas: MARC (libraries, for print, A/V, etc.) Dublin Core (general) EAD, Encoded Archival Description (archival material) VRA (for images and works of art and culture) CDWA, Categories for the Description of Works of Art (art)
  • #10 Dublin Core Simple format Encoded in XML—can create it in a text file 15 elements: No elements are required All elements are repeatable (very flexible) Sample record: http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark%3A/67531/metadc373/ Sample Record, Show: DISPLAY version (full record) Metadata page, multiple download formats Click: XML, JSON, text…