LIS 653, Session 2: Basics of Information Organization
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This document provides an overview of information organization and cataloging. It discusses how data becomes information and ultimately knowledge and wisdom. It also outlines the key components involved in cataloging a record, including metadata, formatting, coding, subject headings, classification, and authority control. Finally, it discusses two influential models in cataloging - Cutter's objectives of helping users find books by author, title, or subject, and showing what the library has, and Ranganathan's five laws of library science focusing on serving the needs of users.
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LIS 653, Session 2: Basics of Information Organization
- 1. Basics of Information Organization & the “Why” of Cataloging LIS 653 Spring 2014 Starr Hoffman
- 2. Information Continuum "Understanding is a continuum that leads from data, through information and knowledge, and ultimately to wisdom.“ ~ Nathan Shadroff, The Understanding Spectrum
- 3. Information Continuum Image from: http://www.cognitivedesignsolutions.com/Information/InfoArchitecture.htm
- 5. How it All Fits Together Record Authority Control (standardized author name: J. R. R. Tolkien) (bibliographic & other information) Metadata Format (structure: MARC, Dublin Core) Code (rules: AACR2, RDA) Punctuation (other rules: ISBD) Subject Headings (LCSH, Sears, AAT) Classification (shelving: LC, Dewey) Model (FRBR, traditional model) Record is displayed in an OPAC, online database, etc.
- 6. User-centered Cataloging Charles Cutter (1876) Objectives of a bibliographic system (catalog): Help a user find a book when they know: The author or… The title or… The subject Show what the library has: By a given author On a given subject In a given kind of literature To assist the user in the choice of a book: Regarding its edition Regarding its character (literary or topical)
- 7. User-centered Cataloging S. R. Ranganathan’s (1957) Five Laws: 1. Books are for use. 2. Every book its reader. 3. Every reader his book. 4. Save the time of the reader. 5. A library is a growing organism.
Editor's Notes
- Arrangement is a big part of info org… As is storage… Relationships between information objects also comes into play (organizing like items together). DATA: Storage INFORMATION: Arrangement = information organization, or more specifically: classification KNOWLEDGE: Relationships between information-as-thing WISDOM: Interpretation, personal value placed on that info
- How do you ORDER books or other information items? Various methods, based on need, preference, context—called “classification”
- Bibliographic record = record with descriptive information about a work (information object) that it represents Catalog = a group of records, a list of objects in a collection Model = determines how records are organized and created in a catalog (FRBR) Cataloging codes = rules for creating catalog records (AACR2, RDA) Punctuation = rules that help determine the order of elements in a record (ISBD) Format = the structure in which a record is created and/pr encoded (MARC, Dublin Core) Subject heading = terms from a topical controlled vocabulary that describe the content of a work (LCSH, Sears, AAT) Authority control = term from a controlled vocabulary chosen to uniquely identify an author, corporation, book title, or series (so that all records for one author can be accessed easily) Classification scheme = assigns a unique descriptor to a work (usually based on subject), often used to indicate a work’s physical location (LC, Dewey)
- Help a user find a specific book when they know: The author (record, authority control) The title (record, authority control The subject (record, subject heading and/or classification) Show what the library has: (catalog as inventory) By a given author (authority control) On a given subject (subject headings, classification) In a given kind of literature (classification) To assist the user in the choice of a book: Regarding its edition (bibliographic record) Regarding its character (literary or topical) (bibliographic record, subject heading)
- Ranganathan’s (1957) Five Laws: Books are for use. -- therefore, they should be findable. (catalog, classification) Every book its reader. -- library catalog as an inventory—future users may need to find this book. (catalog as inventory) Every reader his book. -- users should be able to find specific books they need. (catalog, records, various access points…) Save the time of the reader. -- users should be able to find items quickly & easily. (catalog, records, classification) A library is a growing organism. -- library catalog as an inventory, future growth. (catalog, ability to create new records, classification that allows for shelf space expansion)