This presentation is helpful for students of Graduate and Master Educational programs, Prepared for Course of Elementary School Management AIOU Islamabad Pakistan,.

1. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
MANAGEMENT
CODE No: 622

2. School Management
Unit–2

3. SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
 Management is the process of group directed actions toward
the common goal.
 What Does Management Do?
▫ Do things better and in organized way
▫ Make sure the optimum utilization of limited resources.
• What is the Process of Management?
Management process is based on the individual and collective
decision making keeping in view the goals of an organization.
i. Planning ii. Organizing
iii. Monitoring and controlling, iv. Evaluating.

4. Concept of School Management
• To handle
• To control
• To make and keep submissive
• To organize
• To alter by manipulation
• To carry out for a purpose

5. Concept of School Management
• Staff management
• Teaching and learning (Educational management)
• Pupil affairs management (Students management)
• Physical resources management (Physical facilities management)
• Routine facilities management
• School administration
• Financial management (fee, fund, grants etc.)
• School-Community relations (Parental involvement, community
participation)
• Classroom management

6. Operational Areas in the School Management
 School–Community Relations
 Curriculum and Instruction
 Staff-Personnel
 Students/Pupils-Personnel
 Physical facilities with-in school
 Finance Management
 General Duties
 Others (Classroom Management)

7. Principles of School Management
1.School policies are designed in the light of governmental policies, which
shape specific goals to be achieved by the school.
2. Reinforce and motivate the administrative body to boost the task
efficiency of the subordinates.
3. Make personnel, funds, opinions rewards and punishment
democratically to direct the school towards united and harmonious
direction.
4. Increase the staff motivation by strengthening the personnel
management. Look, listen and understand more. Promote a spotlight on
mobile management.
5. Emphasize delicate campus planning, improve working environment,
and inspire employees’ professional spirit.

8. 6. Encourage in-service teacher education to improve teaching methods and
counseling skills
7. To respect and serve rather than manage
8. Focus on teachers’ sense of honor and responsibility
9. Focus on research, experimentation, innovation and the teaching profession.
10. Enhance teaching equipment and make good use of social resources.
11. Incorporate the five main themes of education, and teach students in
accordance with their aptitudes to maximize their talents.
12. Focus on the planning and delivery of special education services.
13. Strengthen life education, moral education, and traffic safety education.
14. Develop good relationships with communities.
Principles of School Management

9. SCOPE OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
school management includes the following activities under its scope
1) Planning of all activities and programes of the school in the
beginning of the session-admission.
2) Distribution of academic and co-curricular activities among staff
members keeping in view their interest, abilities and experiences.
3) Preparation of budget for the year indicating receipts and proposed
expenditure on different heads.
4) Preparation of time table 5) Provision of staff
6) Provision of equipment and furniture-purchase, repair and.
7) Provision of books for school library- purchase and maintenance
8) Organization of academic work-ensuring completion of course in time

10. 9) Organization of co-curricular activities. 11) Regular class supervision
10) Maintenance of records and register. plans and obtaining grants.
12) Conduct of exams , half yearly, annual and Board exams
13) Promotion of students to next higher class
14) Maintenance of discipline 15) Maintenance of play fields
16) Hostel administration 17) Coordinating the work of teachers
18) Evaluating the progress 19) Community contact.
20) Maintaining relations with supervising officers
21) Directing and motivating teachers
22) Taking decision on important policy matters

11. BASIC ELEMENTS OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
Following are the basic elements of school management
given by Dash & Dash (2008),
Policy making Planning
Budgeting Organizing
Directing Controlling
Coordination Decision making
Evaluating

12. POLICY MAKING
Concept of Policy
Policies are basic guidelines that direct the organization towards the
attainment of specific objective.
Formulating Policy
Policy formulation is the process of exchanging view among different groups,
people or individuals in the organization. It is always be determined by
means of negotiation, and agreement must be arrived between differences in
the views of participants.
Different Types of Policy
i. Macro-level (National educational policy)
ii. Meso-level (School policy)
iii. Micro-level (classroom policy and subject related policy)

13. PLANNING
Concept Planning
Planning is the process of anticipatory decision
making about choosing specific methods, selecting priorities, evaluating
alternatives to achieve the goals of organization.
Reasons for and benefits of planning
Some reasons for doing planning are:
Resources for education are not as abundant as we want them to be
demands Showed educational outcomes to the resource providers quality
accountability for the effectiveness ensure that an organization achieves its
goals. Planning makes the utilization of purposeful, prioritized and orderly
activities

14. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT (Budgeting )
a. Schools as Non-profit Organizations
b. How Education Financing at Macro level Reflects in
Education Financing at Local or School Level
The Management of School Finances
a) Planning Of School Finances
b) Organizing School Finance
c) Control of School Finances

15. Organizing
Organizing is the process of arranging and allocating work,
authority, and resources among an organization’s members
so they can achieve an organization’s goals efficiently. It is
a process of synchronization of human, physical and
financial resources and ordering priorities and preference
among the available resources.

16. Steps in Organizing
 Organizing entails following responsibilities on managers:
 Division of tasks among the subordinates and organize
them in an orderly manner in order to achieve the
objectives of the organization
 Assign duties, authorities and responsibilities
 Grouping the subordinates by determining the relations
among them so that they cooperate with each other
 Making all the subordinates or staff realize the objectives
and targets of projects and organization

17. DIRECTING
• It is said to be the heart of management process because it
initiates actions in a desired direction.
• It is the process in which manager instruct, guide and
oversee the performance of the employees to achieve
predetermined objectives.
• It consists of all those activities that help in encouraging and
motivating subordinates to work effectively and efficiently in
planned direction.

18. CONTROLLING
• The Concept of Controlling is a function of management that
verifies whether task performed is in line with the plan adopted. It
ensures the effective and efficient utilization of resources to
achieve the organizational objective or plans.
• It also measures the deviations that are found in actual
performance and the planned outcomes such deviation helps in
corrective actions. It involves three elements:
• Establishing standards of performance
• Measuring current performance
• Comparing this performance to the established standards, and if
deviations are detected, taking corrective action.

19. COORDINATING
Coordinating is the process of coordinating and inter-
relating the various activities and responsibilities of
individuals or groups in an organization to provide
unity of actions in the pursuit of a common goal.
In an organization different department performed
different functions so all the departments must
operate in an integrated manner that the
organizational objective can duly be achieved.

20. THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS
• Everyone makes decisions in their life that affect their future but
managers’ decisions have effect on other people.
• The principals in schools are continually involved in decision making
that are directly concerned to school, staff, parents, community and
pupil. Some of its steps are listed below.
• Step 1: Identify the problem
• Step 2: Develop or identify different options.
• Step 3: Weigh up the alternatives and select the best possible option from
those available.
• Step 4: Choose the best alternative Step
• Step 5: Implement the decision Step
• Step 6: Follow up the implementation and evaluate the decision

21. EVALUATION
Formative Evaluation It is used when the project is in operation
or purposes not easily definable in precise and explicit terms
Summative Evaluation It is used when the project has a single
predominant object
Indicators of Evaluation. The following are areas in evaluation:
1. Academic Leadership
2. Resource Management
3. Human Relations

22. PUPIL MANAGEMENT
• Pupil Management in the Context of School Management
• The general aims of pupil management include
Forms of Co-curricular Activities
• social activities: bands,
• song groups, Speech activities
• School clubs Publication.
• Social gatherings or activities School Assemblies
• Student council or government Income generating activities

23. SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY RELATIONS
School is a formal organization and its primary task is educative
teaching. School and educational policies are made keeping in view the
desires of the community and nation. School and teachers are often
regarded as the secondary educator of the child while parents are
considered as primary educator. Therefore their involvement in school
related activities is important to come to know about the community
desires and also because due to the fact that parents involvement
significantly increases the performance of pupil.
a. The need for and the value of parent involvement
b. Parent-Teacher Partnership

25. ISLAMIC CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT
Islamic perspectives in management studies are newly emerging
field. Islamic tradition is rich with principles of effectively managing
the organization and social matters of daily life.
Principles of Islamic management
• Taqwa (fear of Al-Mighty Allah)
• Ihsan (forgiveness)
• Adl (justice)
• Ikhlas (sincerity)
• Shura (consultative decision making process)
• Muraqabah (supervision)
• Amanah (responsibility)
• Muhasabah (accountability)
• Akhlaq (moral and ethical
behavior)