This document discusses several topics related to secondary school planning and administration including educational planning, levels of planning, types of planning, educational statistics, project proposal writing, introduction to management, management functions, leadership in education, supervision and control, decision making, school management, and classroom organization and management. The key aspects covered are the definition and concepts of educational planning, the different levels and types of planning, how statistics can be used to understand and improve student performance, the steps to writing a project proposal, defining management and its functions, the role of leadership and supervision in education, decision making processes, and what school and classroom management entail.

1. Secondary School planning
and administration

2. Educational planning:
• Educational planning generally is understood to be the identification,
development, and implementation of strategies designed to attain,
efficiently and effectively, the educational needs and goals of
students and society.

3. Concept of Educational planning
• Educational planning, in its broadest generic sense, is the application
of rational, systematic analysis to the process of educational
development with the aim of making education more effective and
efficient in responding to the needs and goals of its students and
society.

4. Levels of planning:
• One of divisions of educational planning levels
• is planning at mega, micro and macro, institution, plan or project
levels.
• Planning at mega level is long-term or mid-term plans as designed by
international organizations.
• Planning at macro level is the planning considered at national or
country level.

5. Types of planning:
Types of Educational Planning:
• Administrative Planning: Generally speaking administrative planning refers to
planning in administrative perspective. …
• Academic or Curricular Planning: …
• Co-curricular Planning: …
• Instructional Planning: …
• Institutional Planning:

6. Educational statistics:
• Educational Statistics is an introductory graduate course in using
quantitative methods for inquiry in the social and behavioral sciences.
Students will be exposed to the fundamental concepts and procedures of
descriptive and inferential statistics.
• 1: Statistics allows educators to understand student performance using
descriptive statistics.
• 2: Statistics allows educators to spot trends in student performance using
data visualizations.
• 3: Statistics allows educators to compare different teaching methods using
hypothesis tests.

7. Project proposal writing:
• It should include the project’s purpose, goals, specific objectives,
method, and anticipated impact. Objectives need to be stated in
measurable terms and be specific and consistent with the statement
of need and the purpose of the proposed project.

8. • How to write a project proposal
Step 1: Define the problem. …
Step 2: Present your solution. …
Step 3: Define your deliverables and success criteria. …
Step 4: State your plan or approach. …
Step 5: Outline your schedule and budget. …
Step 6: Tie it all together. …
Step 7: Edit/proofread your proposal.

9. Introduction to management:
• Educational Management is a field which is concerned with the
operation of educational organizations. It is the process of planning,
organizing and directing activities in a school, effectively utilizing
human and material resources, in order to accomplish the school’s
objectives.
• Concept of management:
• Management can be defined as the process of achieving
organizational goals through. Planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling the human, physical, financial, and information.

10. Management functions:
• Management is a unique process, which consists of certain sub-
activities (planning, organizing, controlling and decision making).
• Educational Management focuses on:
• decision making, problem solving, communication, information
management and effective team building. Effective allocation of
financial resources and the planning of the budgets of institutions.

11. Leadership in education:
• Educational leadership is the process of enlisting and guiding the
talents and energies of teachers, pupils, and parents toward achieving
common educational aims.
• It’s important for students to experience leadership opportunities
during their schooling, to learn the art of building relationships within
teams, defining identities, and achieving tasks effectively. It also
provides an opportunity to learn to identify and display effective
communication and interpersonal skills.

12. Supervision and control:
• Supervision is defined as “the power of a superior officer to see to it
that lower officers perform their functions in accordance with law.”15
This is distinguished from the power of control or “the power of an
officer to alter or modify or set aside what a subordinate officer had
done in the performance …

13. Decision making:
• Decision making is the process of making choices by identifying a
decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions.
Using a step-by-step decision-making process can help you make
more deliberate, thoughtful decisions by organizing relevant
information and defining alternatives.

14. School management:
• School management is a process of leading the school towards
development through not only the optimum use of the human
resources, physical sources, principles and concepts that help in
achieving all the objectives of the school but also the proper
coordination and adjustment among all of them.

15. Classroom Organization and management:
• Classroom organization refer to some form of arrangement that goes
on in the classroom. The classroom accommodates students,
furniture and facilities, all of which needs to be properly arranged for
effective teaching learning process.
• Classroom management systems are effective in managing student
behavior and learning because they sustain an orderly learning
environment for students, enhance students’ academic skills and
competencies, and further social and emotional development.