Textile finishing involves processes that textiles undergo after pretreatment, dyeing, or printing to enhance their attractiveness, comfort, and usefulness. Finishing can improve fabric appearance through processes like calendaring or optical brightening, or alter fabric handle through softening or stiffening. Finishing also improves fabric serviceability by adding properties like flame resistance, water resistance, or easy care attributes. Finishing methods are classified as aesthetic, functional, temporary, permanent, or semi-permanent and involve chemical or mechanical processes. Common mechanical processes include calendaring, brushing, singeing, tentering, and raising. Chemical processes include softening, hardening, resin finishing, mercerization, and fire resistant or antimicrobial

1. Textile
Finishing

2. PREPARED BY ©right
Name : MAZADUL HASAN SHESHIR
ID: 2010000400008
Batch: 13th Batch (Session 2009-2013)
Department: Wet Processing Technology
Email: mazadulhasan@yahoo.com (FB)
Blog: www. Textilelab.blogspot.com
Southeast University,Bangladesh
Department of Textile Engineering

3. FFiinniisshhiinngg
Textile finishing is a term commonly applied to different process that the
textile material under go after pretreatment, dyeing or printing for final
embellishment to enhance there attractiveness and sale appeal as well as
for comfort and usefulness.
Objects of finishing:
The aim of finishing is to render textile goods fit for their purpose or
end use. Besides that, finishing can be done for achieving the following
purposes-a)
To improve fabric attractiveness.
-By modification of fabric appearance (Calendaring, Optical
brightening)
-By altering fabric handle (Softening, Stiffening)
-Control of fabric dimension (Sanforising, Compacting)
b) To improve service ability.
-Protection of fabric (Flame proofing, Water proofing)
-Improved performance (Water repellency, Raising)
-Easy care properties (Resin finish, Crease recovery)
Introduction

4. Textile Finishes are classified in several ways:
Aesthetic
Finishes
Functional
Finishes
According to Function
Classification of Textile Finishing

5. Temporar Permanent
Semi
Permanent
y
According to the quality
Classification of Textile Finishing

6. According to type of machinery
Chemical
Finishes
Mechanical
Finishes
Classification of Textile Finishing

7. Calendaring
Calendaring is defined as the modification of the surface of a fabric by
the action of heat and pressure. The finish is obtained by passing the
fabric between heated rotating rollers (Smooth or Engraved) when both
speed of rotation and pressure applied are variable.
Objects of Calendaring
To improve the fabric handle
and to impart a smooth silky
touch to the fabric.
To compress the fabric and
reduce its thickness.
To reduce the air permeability
by closing the threads.
To increase the luster.
To reduce the yarn slippage.
Surface patterning by
embossing.
Mechanical Finishing

8. Brushing
The process which is used to remove loose threads and short fibre
ends from smooth-surfaced fabrics and is also used to raise a nap on
knits and woven fabrics is called Brushing. Brushing is frequently
applied to fabrics after shearing, removing the cut fibres that have
fallen into the nap.
Mechanical Finishing

9. Singeing
Singeing is a process applied to both yarns and fabrics to produce
an even surface by burning off projecting fibres, yarn ends, and fuzz.
This is accomplished by passing the fibre or yarn over a gas flame
or heated copper plates at a speed sufficient to burn away the
protruding material without scorching or burning the yarn or fabric.
Mechanical Finishing

10. Tentering,
These are final processes applied to set the warp and weft of woven
fabrics at right angles to each other, and to stretch and set the fabric to
its final dimensions. Tentering stretches width under tension by the use
of a tenter frame, consisting of chains fitted with pins or clips to hold the
selvages of the fabric, and travelling on tracks.
Mechanical Finishing

11. Raising
1. Napping
Using wire-covered rolls to "dig out" individual fiber ends
to the surface
2. Sueding
Using abrasive-covered rolls (sandpaper, emery cloth, etc.)
to produce shorter pile surface - does cause an apparent shade change.
Special type of raised surface fabric is corduroy
Sueding, sanding- creates softer hand of fabric.
Mechanical Finishing
Heat Setting
Heat Setting: Heat setting of synthetic fabrics eliminates the internal tensions
within the fiber generated during manufacture and the new state can be fixed
by rapid cooling.
This heat setting fixes the fabrics in the relaxed state and thus avoids
subsequent shrinkage or creasing of fabric. Presetting of goods make it possible
to use higher temperature for setting without considering the sublimation
properties of dyes and also has a favorable effect on dyeing behavior and
running properties of goods.

12. SOFT FINISH:
Softening is the complex phenomenon and is composite of surface
smoothness and internal lubrication of the fiber elements of the treated fabric.
There are many softening agent used in industries such as:
Wetting agent
Acetic acid (for neutralization)
Non-ionic polyethylene softener
Slightly cationic softener
Silicon softener
Chemical Finishing

13. HARD FINISH:
In case of hard finish, it is desirable to make the fabric
stiffer and give them more ‘body’ by filling certain
chemicals:
Wetting agent
Acetic acid (for neutralization)
Non-ionic polyethylene softener
Slightly cationic softener
Silicon softener
Hardeners RESIN FINISH:
The resin finish is also know as crease recovery treatments
the objective of resin finish to remove the wrinkles or crease
from the fabric by certain chemicals.
Wetting agent
Acetic acid (for neutralization)
Non-ionic polyethylene softener
Slightly cationic softener
Silicon softener
Resin
Catalyst ( mgcl2) Chemical Finishing

14. Mercerization
Mercerization is a treatment for cotton fabric and thread that gives
fabric a lustrous appearance. The process is applied to materials like
cotton or hemp. Mercerization alters the chemical structure of the
cotton fibre. The structure of the fibre changes from alpha-cellulose
to beta-cellulose. Mercerizing results in the swelling of the cell wall of
the cotton fibre. This causes increases in the surface area and
reflectance, and gives the fiber a softer feel.
Chemical Finishing

15. Fire Resistant finishes:
Polyester fabrics can be made flame resistant by treatment with an
aqueous emulsion of xylene soluble 2,3-dibromopropyl phosphate in a pad-cure
sequence. A semi-permanent effect can be produced by treating with a
mixture of ammonium bromide and brominated phosphoric acid esters.
Anti-microbial finishes:
With the increasing use synthetic fibbers for carpets and other materials in
public places, anti-microbial finishes have assumed importance. Anti
microbial finish Eco-friendly anti microbial finishing agent for cotton fabrics
& Garments. Useful for eliminating bacterial growth due to sweat.
Enzymatic finishes
Bio-polishing: This is a process to remove the protruding fibers of a fabric
through the action an enzyme. This enzyme selectively acts on the
protruding fibers and cease to work after finishing the work by a simple
raise in temperature of the treatment bath.
Chemical Finishing

16. Closing
I would like to express many thanks to my advisor, Professor Dr. Zulhash
Uddin for giving me the opportunity to study in the Textile Finishing.
This is the end of our presentation. I hope
all of you enjoyed it. Lastly thanks to all
for your kind attention……!