Electric shock occurs when electric current passes through the human body, which can cause burns, physical injuries like broken bones, and nervous system effects such as stopping breathing. Shocks are caused by direct or indirect contact with an exposed live part. Current passing through the body at different levels can result in muscles clamping, fibrillation where the heart twitches without pumping blood, and damage to the heart tissue. To help someone receiving a shock, remove the source using an insulated item without touching the person. Monitor their condition afterwards and call for emergency help if unconscious. Safety precautions include avoiding wet work, using ground fault circuit interrupters, and staying away from overhead power lines.

1. AMIRAJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
&
TECHNOLOGY
SUBJECT: ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING(2110005)

2.  Electric shock is the physiological reaction or
injury caused by electric current passing through
the (human) body.[1] Typically, the expression is
used to describe an injurious exposure to
electricity. It occurs upon contact of a (human)
body part with any source ofelectricity that causes
a sufficient current through the skin, muscles, or
hair.

3.  An electrical injury has many consequences to a
body as the electrical currents can travel through
the nervous system and burn out tissue in
patches along the way.
Shocks can be caused by direct or indirect
contact. Contact with an exposed conductive part
under fault conditions is called indirect contact.
IEC requires certain degrees of ingress
protection against direct contact. Indirect contact
protections can be achieved by
earthed equipotential bonding and automatic
disconnection of supply by using Residual
Current Devices

4.  Current passing through your body can cause electric
shock, resulting in 3 types of potential injuries:
 Burns (arcs burn with heat & radiation)
 Physical injuries (broken bones, falls, & muscle
damage)
At 10 mA, the muscles clamp on to whatever the person is
holding.
 Nervous system effects (stop breathing at 30 to 75
mA alternating current at 60Hz, fibrillation at 75 to 100
mA at 60Hz)

5. Fibrillation = heart is "twitching" and there
is no blood flow to the body.
The heart can be damaged because it is in the
path of the most common routes electricity
will take through the body:
 Hand-to-hand
 Hand-to-foot

7. If this isn’t possible, then try to remove the
source of electricity from the person
using a piece of insulating material, such
as a length of wood
NEVER touch the person receiving
the electric shock, or you could suffer
one too.

8. After removing the person from the source of
electricity, if the person is unconscious call for
an ambulance immediately. Only those with the
necessary knowledge and skill should carry out
first aid.
NEVER touch the person receiving the
electric shock, or you could suffer one too.

9. 
Where the person is conscious and seems well,
it is still advisable to monitor their condition, as the
effects of an electric shock may not be
immediately obvious. In worst case conditions, an
electric shock may lead to a condition known as
electroporation, where cells within the body
rupture, leading to tissue death. Additional
problems might include deep-seated burns,
muscle damage and broken bones.

10.  Plan your work and plan for safety
 Avoid wet working conditions and other dangers
 Use Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters. GFCI's are
electrical devices that are designed to detect
ground faults (when current is "leaking"
somewhere outside its intended pathway). If your
body provides the path to ground for the leaking
current, you could receive a shock or be
electrocuted. GFCI's should be used in all wet
locations and on outside outlets.

11.  Avoid overhead power lines: Position yourself
so that the longest conductive object you are
using (saws, poles, tools, brooms, etc.) cannot
come closer than at least 10 feet to any
unguarded, energized overhead line.
 Use proper wiring and connectors

12. THANK YOU