1) Ohm's Law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it. It is represented by the equation V=IR, where V is the voltage, I is the current, and R is the resistance. 2) In a series circuit, the current is the same through all components as there is only one path for current to flow. The total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances. 3) In a parallel circuit, the voltage is the same across all branches as there are multiple paths for current to flow forming closed loops. The total resistance is lower than any single resistance.

1. Ohm’s Law by: Muhamad Abdul Jalil (09330271)

2. Standart of competence : 5. To a pply electricity concept in various problem and a variety technology product. Basic competence : 5. 1. To Formulates the mulberry of electricity is closed series ( one loop)

3. Indicator : To f ormulate the mulberry of electric current strength in closed series (the electric current strength). To f ormulate the mulberry of electric resistance strength series (the electric resistance strength). To f ormulate the mulberry of tension insimple closed series uses Kirchof Law II .

4. Ohm’s Law Current through an ideal conductor is proportional to the applied voltage Conductor is also known as a resistor An ideal conductor is a material whose resistance does not change with temperature For an ohmic device, V = Voltage (Volts = V) I = Current (Amperes = A) R = Resistance (Ohms = Ω )

5. Current and Voltage Defined Conventional Current : (the current in electrical circuits) Flow of current from positive terminal to the negative terminal. - has units of Amperes (A) and is measured using ammeters . Voltage : Energy required to move a charge from one point to another. - has units of Volts (V) and is measured using voltmeters . Think of voltage as what pushes the electrons along in the circuit, and current as a group of electrons that are constantly trying to reach a state of equilibrium .

6. Ohmic Resistors Metals obey Ohm’s Law linearly so long as their temperature is held constant Their resistance values do not fluctuate with temperature the resistance for each resistor is a constant Most ohmic resistors will behave non-linearly outside of a given range of temperature, pressure, etc.

7. Voltage and Current Relationship for Linear Resistors Voltage and current are linear when resistance is held constant.

8. Ohm’s Law continued The total resistance of a circuit is dependant on the number of resistors in the circuit and their configuration Series Circuit Parallel Circuit

9. Kirchhoff’s Current Law Current into junction = Current leaving junction The amount of current that enters a junction is equivalent to the amount of current that leaves the junction

10. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law Net Voltage for a circuit = 0 Sum of all voltage rises and voltage drops in a circuit (a closed loop) equals zero

11. Series Circuit Current is constant Why? Only one path for the current to take

12. Series Equivalent Circuit

13. Parallel Circuit Voltage is constant Why ? There are 3 closed loops in the circuit

14. Parallel Equivalent Circuits

15. We’ve now looked at how basic electrical circuits work with resistors that obey Ohm’s Law linearly. We understand quantitatively how these resistors work using the relationship V=IR, but lets see qualitatively using light bulbs.

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