This document discusses electrical safety. It begins by defining electricity and electrical concepts like electrons, atoms, and conductors versus insulators. It then discusses factors that affect electrical resistance and provides analogies to explain concepts. The document emphasizes electrical safety, listing specific safety practices like using personal protective equipment (PPE) and signage. It provides details on PPE including types of hard hats, eye protection, footwear, gloves, and body protection. Hazards like falls and fires are addressed. The document concludes by discussing first aid basics.

1. AWARENESS OF
ELECTRICAL
SAFETY
BY,
PRABAKARAN G

2. What is Electricity?
• Electricity is an invisible phenomenon
created by the movement of electrons in a
conductor.

3. ELCTRON THEORY:
• Electron theory states all matter is comprised
of molecules, which is turn are comprised of
atoms, which are again comprised of protons,
neutrons and electrons.
• A molecule is the smallest part of matter which
can exist by itself and contains one or more
atoms.

4. ATOMIC STRUCTURE:

5. Electrical Materials
• A material that contains many free electrons and
is capable of carrying an electric current is called
a conductor. Metals and (generally) water are
conductors. Gold, silver, aluminum and copper
are all good conductors.
• Materials that contain relatively few free electrons
are called insulators. Non-metallic materials such
as wood, rubber, glass and mica are insulators.
• Fair conductors include the human body, earth,
and concrete.

6. WATER FLOW ANALOGY:

7. Factors Affecting Resistance:

8. Why safety
What you choose Life or Injury/death?

9. Where to start?

10. Safety to be followed at site
Safety
• Sign boards/ Warning Indications should be placed wherever necessary.
• Should use Proper PPE while attending any installation/ maintenance/
troubleshooting
Safety
• PPE (Personal Protection Equipment) includes fall protection, arc flash protection,
fire rated clothing, gloves, boots, and protective eyewear, among other items
• All personnel working on or near PV systems should be trained to recognize
hazards and choose the appropriate PPE to eliminate or reduce those hazards.
Safety
• Always keep the record of assigned tasks, incidents outcome and the person
incharge of the site and people who are working at site.
• Always have Layout/Route map of the Solar Power Plant

11. RULES OF ELECTRICITY
 Electricity travels in a completed circuit path
 Electricity always travels in the path of low
resistance
 Electricity tries to travel in shortest path
 Electricity always tries to travel to ground

12. ELECTRICITY AND PEOPLE
 A person usually offers a lesser resistance path for
the electricity
 The person forms a completed circuit when
touching the Ground and Electricity
 The person forms a shortest path when touching
the Electricity

13. 5. Contact surface area
6. Environment
(Duration)

16. THREE TYPES OF SYSTEMS:
 Single Phase 3 wire system
( Domestic Power line)
 3 Phase 3 Wire System
( HT Power lines)
 3 Phase 4 Wire System
( LT Power Lines)
16

17. Qualified Persons/supervisors to work
at site:
QP
Good Technical
Knowledge
Aware of safety
Standards
(OSHA/OSH/Nebosh
etc..)
Effective Team Player

18. Basic PPE – Head protection
Hard
hats
Class A
Class CClass B
Impact resistance
Penetration resistance
Voltage protection up to
2.2KV
 Provide the highest
level of protection
against electrical hazards,
with high-voltage shock
and burn protection (up
to 20,000 volts)
Impact and penetration
resistance
provide lightweight comfort
and impact protection but
offer no protection from
electrical hazards

19. Basic PPE – Head protection
Under ANSI Z89.1-1997, the following three classes are
recognized:
• Class G (General) Helmets -This is equivalent to the old Class
A. Class G helmets are proof tested at 2,200 volts.
• Class E (Electrical) Helmets - This is equivalent to the old
Class B. Class E helmets are proof tested at 20,000 volts.
• Class C (Conductive) Helmets - This class provides no
electrical insulation; the class designation did not change
from the old standard.

20. Basic PPE – Eye protection
Safety Spectacles
Safety frames constructed of
metal/plastic and high impact resistance
Goggles
Tight fitting
Completely covers eye and surrounding
eye area
Welding shields
Made of vulcanized fiber/fiber glass
fitted with a filtered lens. Protection
against sparks, intense light radiation,
slag chips/metal splatter
Face Shields
Covers face and head, protection against
hazardous liquids. not much protection
against impact hazards. Use goggles in
conjunction to have impact protection
Protecting eyes (Dust,
splashes, other foreign
bodies

21. PPE – Leg and foot protection
Foot and leg protection choices
include the following:
• Leggings protect the lower legs
and feet from heat hazards such
as molten metal or welding
sparks. Safety snaps allow
leggings to be removed quickly.
• Metatarsal guards protect the
instep area from impact and
compression. Made of
aluminum, steel, fiber or plastic,
these guards may be strapped
to the outside of shoes. Metatarsal guards
Leggings

22. PPE – Leg and foot protection
• Toe guards fit over the toes of regular shoes to
protect the toes from impact and compression
hazards. They may be made of steel, aluminum
or plastic. Combination foot and shin guards
protect the lower legs and feet, and may be
used in combination with toe guards when
greater protection is needed.
• Safety shoes have impact-resistant toes and
heat-resistant soles that protect the feet
against hot work surfaces common in roofing,
paving and hot metal industries. The metal
insoles of some safety shoes protect against
puncture wounds. Safety shoes may also be
designed to be electrically conductive to
prevent the buildup of static electricity in areas
with the potential for explosive atmospheres
or nonconductive to protect employees from
workplace electrical hazards
Toe guards
Safety shoes

23. PPE – Leg and foot protection
• Electrical hazard, safety-toe shoes
– are nonconductive
– These shoes can protect against open
circuits of up to 600 volts in dry
conditions and should be used in
conjunction with other insulating
equipment and additional
precautions to reduce the risk of an
employee becoming a path for
hazardous electrical energy.
– The insulating protection of electrical
hazard, safety-toe shoes may be
compromised if the shoes become
wet, the soles are worn through,
metal particles become embedded in
the sole or heel, or employees touch
conductive, grounded items

24. PPE- Gloves
• Leather gloves protect against sparks, moderate heat, blows, chips
and rough objects.
• Aluminized gloves provide reflective and insulating protection
against heat and require an insert made of synthetic materials to
protect against heat and cold.
• Aramid fiber gloves protect against heat and cold, are cut- and
abrasive-resistant.
• Synthetic gloves of various materials offer protection against heat
and cold, are cut- and abrasive-resistant and may withstand some
diluted acids. These materials do not stand up against alkalis and
solvents
• Shock proof gloves Protects against different levels of voltage .

25. PPE- Gloves

26. PPE- Gloves

28. Hearing protective devices:

29. PPE-Body Protection
clothing
visibility
Nature
of work
Comfort

30. PPE-Body Protection
Safety
vests
• High visibility
or
• Distinguishes un-
authorized
individuals within
a work place
Safety
jackets
• Market presence
with logos/name
printed

31. PPE-Body Protection
Aprons
full/half
body
• Dust/dirt protection
• Acid/chemical spills
• Body temperature/Rain
protection
• Identification

32. PPE-Body protection (high elevations)
Above 10-14 feet
from ground level
Mostly used
for
wiring/piping
Working at
higher
elevations

34. Ladders and scaffolding

35. PPE
Choose proper
PPE and use
them as per
guidelines
Do regular
check-ups for
expiry /wear and
tear
Replace the
defective PPE,
don’t try to
repair without
proper
knowledge

36. Hazardous area classification
Class 2
Combustible
dust in air
Class 3 easily
ignitable
fibres/flyings
Class 1 Gases
or vapours

37. • Class A Fires: Ordinary combustibles
such as wood and paper.
• Class B Fires: Flammable and
combustible liquids and gases.
• Class C Fires: Energized electrical
equipment.
• Class D Fires: Combustible metals.
• Class K Fires: Cooking Oils and Fats.
Fire/Life Safety
Fire Protection

38. • Class A – ordinary combustibles (wood, cloth, paper)
• Class B – flammable liquids, gases, greases
• Class C – energized electrical equipment
• Class D – combustible metals
Extinguisher Classification
Letter classification given an extinguisher to designate the
class or classes of fire on which it will be effective.
A B C D
Ordinary
Combustibles
Combustible
Metals
Flammable
Liquids
Electrical
Equipment

40. ABCs OF FIRST AID
• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation
• Doctor

41. HOW TO HANDLE UNRESPONSIVE
VICTIMS

43. Thank you
Queries?
Suggestions?