Segregation means dividing waste into categories. Wet waste refers to organic waste that is damp, while dry waste includes materials like paper, cardboard, bottles and cans. Proper segregation of waste allows items to be recycled or composted. Composting is the natural process of breaking down organic matter into a soil-like material called humus. There are different methods for household and community composting. Waste treatment systems use primary, secondary and tertiary stages to filter and treat wastewater before releasing it into the environment or reuse.
This document provides information about how to properly deal with dry waste. It defines what dry waste includes, such as plastics, paper, and metal/glass. It explains that dry waste should be sorted into these categories and disposed of properly, either through regular collection services or donation. Key steps include thoroughly cleaning and drying any food containers before disposal, and separating dry waste from wet waste, sanitary waste, and other non-dry items. Proper disposal of dry waste into the correct streams supports recycling and reuse.
This document provides information about waste management. It discusses:
- Waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. The goal is to recover resources and reduce waste's impact on health and the environment.
- Management approaches differ between developed and developing nations, as well as urban and rural areas. Residential waste is usually managed by local governments, while commercial/industrial waste is managed by generators.
- Key waste management concepts include the waste hierarchy, extended producer responsibility, and the polluter pays principle.
- The waste management market in India was valued at INR 10 billion in 2008 and is projected to reach INR 27 billion by 2013. The main waste streams managed are municipal,
Classification of waste and storage methodsHamsa Sam Sam
This document defines different types of waste and provides guidelines for proper waste storage and segregation. It identifies municipal solid waste, industrial waste, agricultural waste, hazardous waste, and nuclear waste as the main types of waste. It emphasizes the importance of proper waste storage by source and recommends buckets, plastic bins, and metal bins for storage. The document provides specific guidelines for waste segregation and storage based on the waste source, such as households, multi-story buildings, shops, hotels, markets, construction sites, and gardens.
- Mumbai generates over 10,000 metric tons of waste per day which is increasing with population growth.
- There are only three existing landfill sites for Mumbai that are nearing the end of their operational life.
- One of the major challenges for waste management in Mumbai is the shortage of landfill space due to the huge amount of waste generated daily.
This document discusses waste management in hotels using the 3R approach of reduce, reuse, and recycle. It explains that large amounts of waste can cause health and environmental problems and waste valuable resources. The 3R approach helps maximize resource use while minimizing waste generation. Hotels should measure the types and amounts of waste they produce, find ways to reduce waste, reuse items when possible, and recycle what can't be reused. Proper handling and disposal of hazardous waste is also important for staff and environmental safety. Examples of waste reduction, reuse, and recycling practices in hotels are provided.
This document provides an overview of solid waste management in India. It begins with definitions of waste and solid waste. It then outlines the types and sources of solid waste. The key concepts of reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R's) in waste management are explained. Current disposal methods like dumping and incineration are described along with their issues. The magnitude of India's solid waste problem and initiatives like the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to address it are summarized. The conclusion emphasizes the need for better implementation and enforcement of waste management rules in India.
An easy to grasp manual to establish waste segregation at home. Distills the waste segregation down to 5 important categories so that the requirement is easily understandable to all.
This document provides information about how to properly deal with dry waste. It defines what dry waste includes, such as plastics, paper, and metal/glass. It explains that dry waste should be sorted into these categories and disposed of properly, either through regular collection services or donation. Key steps include thoroughly cleaning and drying any food containers before disposal, and separating dry waste from wet waste, sanitary waste, and other non-dry items. Proper disposal of dry waste into the correct streams supports recycling and reuse.
This document provides information about waste management. It discusses:
- Waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. The goal is to recover resources and reduce waste's impact on health and the environment.
- Management approaches differ between developed and developing nations, as well as urban and rural areas. Residential waste is usually managed by local governments, while commercial/industrial waste is managed by generators.
- Key waste management concepts include the waste hierarchy, extended producer responsibility, and the polluter pays principle.
- The waste management market in India was valued at INR 10 billion in 2008 and is projected to reach INR 27 billion by 2013. The main waste streams managed are municipal,
Classification of waste and storage methodsHamsa Sam Sam
This document defines different types of waste and provides guidelines for proper waste storage and segregation. It identifies municipal solid waste, industrial waste, agricultural waste, hazardous waste, and nuclear waste as the main types of waste. It emphasizes the importance of proper waste storage by source and recommends buckets, plastic bins, and metal bins for storage. The document provides specific guidelines for waste segregation and storage based on the waste source, such as households, multi-story buildings, shops, hotels, markets, construction sites, and gardens.
- Mumbai generates over 10,000 metric tons of waste per day which is increasing with population growth.
- There are only three existing landfill sites for Mumbai that are nearing the end of their operational life.
- One of the major challenges for waste management in Mumbai is the shortage of landfill space due to the huge amount of waste generated daily.
This document discusses waste management in hotels using the 3R approach of reduce, reuse, and recycle. It explains that large amounts of waste can cause health and environmental problems and waste valuable resources. The 3R approach helps maximize resource use while minimizing waste generation. Hotels should measure the types and amounts of waste they produce, find ways to reduce waste, reuse items when possible, and recycle what can't be reused. Proper handling and disposal of hazardous waste is also important for staff and environmental safety. Examples of waste reduction, reuse, and recycling practices in hotels are provided.
This document provides an overview of solid waste management in India. It begins with definitions of waste and solid waste. It then outlines the types and sources of solid waste. The key concepts of reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R's) in waste management are explained. Current disposal methods like dumping and incineration are described along with their issues. The magnitude of India's solid waste problem and initiatives like the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to address it are summarized. The conclusion emphasizes the need for better implementation and enforcement of waste management rules in India.
An easy to grasp manual to establish waste segregation at home. Distills the waste segregation down to 5 important categories so that the requirement is easily understandable to all.
The document discusses various topics related to waste management including:
- The meaning of waste management and different types of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, organic, and recyclable.
- Sources of waste like municipal, medical, agricultural, industrial, and electronic sources.
- Methods of waste disposal including landfilling, incineration, recycling, composting, and energy recovery from waste.
- The importance of sustainability and resource recovery in modern waste management practices.
The document defines different types of solid waste and their classifications. It discusses how the Environmental Protection Agency defines solid waste and how it can be classified based on its physical properties, biodegradability, and environmental/health impacts. Specific types of waste are also outlined, including hazardous waste, biomedical waste, and other waste generated in accommodation areas, mess halls, and work decks. Proper disposal procedures are described for different waste streams. Overall, the document provides guidance on solid waste classification and handling procedures to facilitate proper management.
The different ways of storage and segregation of waste and also methods of collection and transportation of municipal solid waste are explained in this ppt. It also contains information about Transfer station and Material Recovery Facilities and their types
This certificate certifies that Vivek Jain completed a school project on "Waste Management" in the 2016-17 year. The principal confirms that the project was Vivek's original work completed with guidance. Vivek thanks his school for the opportunity to present. The document then outlines different types of waste, effects of waste, and methods for waste disposal and recycling. It concludes by discussing the need for improved waste management policies in India.
Powerpoint presentation.
This is a ppt for safe diposal of waste. It basically talks about 4 methods:
-> Segregation of Waste
-> Dumping/Landfills
-> Composting of Wate
-> Drainage
It also provides the various methods and explanatory diagram
Waste comes from many sources such as homes, schools, industries, and agriculture. Municipal authorities collect garbage from bins and dispose of it elsewhere. Waste is any material that is no longer useful in its current form and can cause pollution if not properly disposed of. Waste comes in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms and is categorized based on source and degradability. Improper waste management can negatively impact human health, the environment, and climate change through greenhouse gas emissions. Effective waste management strategies include reducing waste, reusing materials, recycling, proper disposal, and educating the public.
9. WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT.pptxRENERGISTICS
Waste collection and transport is an important part of solid waste management. Various types of solid wastes are generated from residential, commercial, and industrial sources. It is important to segregate wastes into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories for proper disposal. Collection and transport of waste involves gathering waste from sources and transporting it to processing or disposal sites.
The document discusses solid waste management and classification of wastes. It defines solid waste as materials such as household garbage, food waste, yard waste, and construction debris that are not liquid or gaseous. The document classifies wastes according to their properties, effects on health and environment, and origin. Wastes are categorized as biodegradable, non-biodegradable, hazardous, non-hazardous, nuclear, thermal, plastic, biomedical, municipal, and agricultural wastes. Improper management of wastes can negatively impact health, socio-economic conditions, coastal environments, climate, and groundwater.
Management of solid waste is a major challenge now a days because of industrialization, population and urbanization so that the rate of solid waste is increases. Waste generation creates a problem to environment as well as public health. To minimize this problems proper collection, storage and disposal are important. This paper is review of waste management, it's element and disposal method of waste. Reduce, reuse, recycle this three principal helps for the waste management. Priyanka Pathak | Wani Roshani | Tupe Aboli | Bhadade Rushikesh | Deore Aniket | Jamdade Rohit"Solid Waste Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14433.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/14433/solid-waste-management/priyanka-pathak
Solid waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, and disposal of solid waste. There are different types of solid waste including municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, medical waste, and electronic waste. India generates large amounts of solid waste that is increasingly difficult to manage due to rapid urbanization. Common solid waste management methods include landfilling, incineration, composting, and recycling, with landfilling being the most common approach in India despite issues with pollution and land use. Proper waste management is important for public health and environmental protection.
This document discusses waste management and recycling. It defines different types of waste and explains why recycling is important. Recycling helps reduce impacts on the environment like climate change and pollution. It also saves resources by reusing materials rather than extracting new raw materials. The document recommends segregating waste into dry and wet categories. Dry waste like plastic, metal, and paper can be recycled. Wet waste from food should be composted to make fertilizer. Proper separation and collection of different waste types enables effective recycling.
The document provides instructions for changing a baby's diaper. It advises to first smell the diaper to check if it needs changing. Then place a clean diaper under the dirty one before removing the soiled diaper to prevent mess. Thoroughly wipe the baby clean with special attention to creases and folds in their skin. Once clean, the baby can return to playing.
Management of Urban Water Supply and Sewerage System
Introduction to Decentralized Sanitation Systems and Fecal Sludge Management / Faecal sludge management Value Chain
Waste can be solid, liquid, or gaseous. Solid waste includes household garbage and industrial hazardous waste. Improper waste management poses health and environmental risks through disease transmission and pollution. The 3R approach of reduce, reuse, and recycle aims to lessen waste. Common waste disposal methods include landfilling, incineration, compaction, biogas generation from organic materials, and composting of organic matter to produce manure. Proper waste handling and treatment helps protect public health and the environment.
This document discusses solid waste management in India. It defines different types of solid waste and how waste generation is increasing rapidly in India. The types of wastes include domestic waste, industrial waste, e-waste, plastic waste, and nuclear waste. It notes that waste collection is low in most Indian cities and waste is dumped in landfills. It also discusses the problems of hazardous waste dumping from developed countries in developing countries like India due to lax regulations. Recycling and adopting a zero waste system are presented as potential solutions to better manage the growing waste problem.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and provides classifications of municipal solid waste including garbage, rubbish, ashes, demolition waste, and more. It also describes hazardous waste. The document outlines the key components of solid waste management systems including waste identification and minimization, collection, segregation, storage, transportation, treatment, energy recovery, and disposal. It provides details on collection services and discusses processing and disposal methods like compaction, incineration, and landfilling.
The document discusses various aspects of waste management, including definitions of waste and waste management. It describes different types of waste such as solid waste and liquid waste. For solid waste, it covers classification, collection methods, and disposal methods such as composting, recycling, and landfilling. For liquid waste, it discusses sources and types, and technological options for disposal at the household level including kitchen gardens with and without piped root zone systems.
The document discusses various methods of solid and human waste disposal. It begins by defining different types of solid waste such as refuse, rubbish, and garbage. It then describes various sanitary and insanitary methods of solid waste disposal, including controlled tipping (sanitary landfill), composting, and incineration. For human waste disposal, it discusses sanitary options like pit latrines, pour flush latrines, and composting latrines as well as insanitary practices like open defecation. The document provides details on the design and operation of these different waste disposal systems.
Solid waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes. There are different types of wastes including solid, liquid, biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and hazardous wastes. Municipal solid waste is a major type and comes from households, commercial areas, and construction sites. Common solid waste management methods include landfilling, incineration, composting, and recycling/reuse. Proper waste management is important for public health and environmental protection.
The document discusses solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste and their effects. It describes concepts of waste management including reduce, reuse and recycle. Methods of solid waste storage, collection, transport, disposal and technologies are explained. Recommendations are made to improve waste management through increased public awareness, prohibiting littering, and moving from open dumping to sanitary landfilling.
The document discusses various topics related to waste management including:
- The meaning of waste management and different types of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, organic, and recyclable.
- Sources of waste like municipal, medical, agricultural, industrial, and electronic sources.
- Methods of waste disposal including landfilling, incineration, recycling, composting, and energy recovery from waste.
- The importance of sustainability and resource recovery in modern waste management practices.
The document defines different types of solid waste and their classifications. It discusses how the Environmental Protection Agency defines solid waste and how it can be classified based on its physical properties, biodegradability, and environmental/health impacts. Specific types of waste are also outlined, including hazardous waste, biomedical waste, and other waste generated in accommodation areas, mess halls, and work decks. Proper disposal procedures are described for different waste streams. Overall, the document provides guidance on solid waste classification and handling procedures to facilitate proper management.
The different ways of storage and segregation of waste and also methods of collection and transportation of municipal solid waste are explained in this ppt. It also contains information about Transfer station and Material Recovery Facilities and their types
This certificate certifies that Vivek Jain completed a school project on "Waste Management" in the 2016-17 year. The principal confirms that the project was Vivek's original work completed with guidance. Vivek thanks his school for the opportunity to present. The document then outlines different types of waste, effects of waste, and methods for waste disposal and recycling. It concludes by discussing the need for improved waste management policies in India.
Powerpoint presentation.
This is a ppt for safe diposal of waste. It basically talks about 4 methods:
-> Segregation of Waste
-> Dumping/Landfills
-> Composting of Wate
-> Drainage
It also provides the various methods and explanatory diagram
Waste comes from many sources such as homes, schools, industries, and agriculture. Municipal authorities collect garbage from bins and dispose of it elsewhere. Waste is any material that is no longer useful in its current form and can cause pollution if not properly disposed of. Waste comes in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms and is categorized based on source and degradability. Improper waste management can negatively impact human health, the environment, and climate change through greenhouse gas emissions. Effective waste management strategies include reducing waste, reusing materials, recycling, proper disposal, and educating the public.
9. WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT.pptxRENERGISTICS
Waste collection and transport is an important part of solid waste management. Various types of solid wastes are generated from residential, commercial, and industrial sources. It is important to segregate wastes into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories for proper disposal. Collection and transport of waste involves gathering waste from sources and transporting it to processing or disposal sites.
The document discusses solid waste management and classification of wastes. It defines solid waste as materials such as household garbage, food waste, yard waste, and construction debris that are not liquid or gaseous. The document classifies wastes according to their properties, effects on health and environment, and origin. Wastes are categorized as biodegradable, non-biodegradable, hazardous, non-hazardous, nuclear, thermal, plastic, biomedical, municipal, and agricultural wastes. Improper management of wastes can negatively impact health, socio-economic conditions, coastal environments, climate, and groundwater.
Management of solid waste is a major challenge now a days because of industrialization, population and urbanization so that the rate of solid waste is increases. Waste generation creates a problem to environment as well as public health. To minimize this problems proper collection, storage and disposal are important. This paper is review of waste management, it's element and disposal method of waste. Reduce, reuse, recycle this three principal helps for the waste management. Priyanka Pathak | Wani Roshani | Tupe Aboli | Bhadade Rushikesh | Deore Aniket | Jamdade Rohit"Solid Waste Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14433.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/14433/solid-waste-management/priyanka-pathak
Solid waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, and disposal of solid waste. There are different types of solid waste including municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, medical waste, and electronic waste. India generates large amounts of solid waste that is increasingly difficult to manage due to rapid urbanization. Common solid waste management methods include landfilling, incineration, composting, and recycling, with landfilling being the most common approach in India despite issues with pollution and land use. Proper waste management is important for public health and environmental protection.
This document discusses waste management and recycling. It defines different types of waste and explains why recycling is important. Recycling helps reduce impacts on the environment like climate change and pollution. It also saves resources by reusing materials rather than extracting new raw materials. The document recommends segregating waste into dry and wet categories. Dry waste like plastic, metal, and paper can be recycled. Wet waste from food should be composted to make fertilizer. Proper separation and collection of different waste types enables effective recycling.
The document provides instructions for changing a baby's diaper. It advises to first smell the diaper to check if it needs changing. Then place a clean diaper under the dirty one before removing the soiled diaper to prevent mess. Thoroughly wipe the baby clean with special attention to creases and folds in their skin. Once clean, the baby can return to playing.
Management of Urban Water Supply and Sewerage System
Introduction to Decentralized Sanitation Systems and Fecal Sludge Management / Faecal sludge management Value Chain
Waste can be solid, liquid, or gaseous. Solid waste includes household garbage and industrial hazardous waste. Improper waste management poses health and environmental risks through disease transmission and pollution. The 3R approach of reduce, reuse, and recycle aims to lessen waste. Common waste disposal methods include landfilling, incineration, compaction, biogas generation from organic materials, and composting of organic matter to produce manure. Proper waste handling and treatment helps protect public health and the environment.
This document discusses solid waste management in India. It defines different types of solid waste and how waste generation is increasing rapidly in India. The types of wastes include domestic waste, industrial waste, e-waste, plastic waste, and nuclear waste. It notes that waste collection is low in most Indian cities and waste is dumped in landfills. It also discusses the problems of hazardous waste dumping from developed countries in developing countries like India due to lax regulations. Recycling and adopting a zero waste system are presented as potential solutions to better manage the growing waste problem.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and provides classifications of municipal solid waste including garbage, rubbish, ashes, demolition waste, and more. It also describes hazardous waste. The document outlines the key components of solid waste management systems including waste identification and minimization, collection, segregation, storage, transportation, treatment, energy recovery, and disposal. It provides details on collection services and discusses processing and disposal methods like compaction, incineration, and landfilling.
The document discusses various aspects of waste management, including definitions of waste and waste management. It describes different types of waste such as solid waste and liquid waste. For solid waste, it covers classification, collection methods, and disposal methods such as composting, recycling, and landfilling. For liquid waste, it discusses sources and types, and technological options for disposal at the household level including kitchen gardens with and without piped root zone systems.
The document discusses various methods of solid and human waste disposal. It begins by defining different types of solid waste such as refuse, rubbish, and garbage. It then describes various sanitary and insanitary methods of solid waste disposal, including controlled tipping (sanitary landfill), composting, and incineration. For human waste disposal, it discusses sanitary options like pit latrines, pour flush latrines, and composting latrines as well as insanitary practices like open defecation. The document provides details on the design and operation of these different waste disposal systems.
Solid waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes. There are different types of wastes including solid, liquid, biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and hazardous wastes. Municipal solid waste is a major type and comes from households, commercial areas, and construction sites. Common solid waste management methods include landfilling, incineration, composting, and recycling/reuse. Proper waste management is important for public health and environmental protection.
The document discusses solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste and their effects. It describes concepts of waste management including reduce, reuse and recycle. Methods of solid waste storage, collection, transport, disposal and technologies are explained. Recommendations are made to improve waste management through increased public awareness, prohibiting littering, and moving from open dumping to sanitary landfilling.
The document discusses solid waste, hazardous waste, and methods for managing waste. It provides details on:
- How municipal solid waste and hazardous waste are generated in the US
- Traditional waste disposal methods like open dumping and their environmental impacts
- More modern disposal methods like sanitary landfills and incineration
- The importance of reducing, recycling, and properly disposing of waste to protect the environment and human health
- Key US legislation governing hazardous and toxic waste management including RCRA and CERCLA
Print ad - Promoting waste segregation at homeAbhimanyu Singh
The document discusses a print advertisement campaign to educate housewives on the importance of waste segregation at home. The campaign aims to spread awareness about the environmental degradation caused by household waste and the advantages of waste segregation. It encourages housewives to segregate waste at home as a way to help initiate change. The advertisement campaign utilizes various print media like pamphlets, magazines, and newspaper ads to convey its message and provide more information on waste segregation through the BBMP website.
Bioresource and waste management, utilizing biological resources, opting for various process for recycling them on to a large scale which can be a boon to society for human welfare.
Solid Waste Management for Philippine Cities and MunicipalitiesEnergySavings
Cost effective waste management systems to meet your requirements. A Solid Waste Management System designed to be used on a city or municipality with an average population of 20 thousand household that normally generates an average of 120 tons of garbage per day, processing 60tons/day of Non-Biodegradable waste and 60 tons/day of Biodegradable waste.
CONTACT: 09152873093; 09995207474; 09334067948
EMAIL: mlgmultisrvcs@gmail.com
RAPID COMPOSTING SYSTEM (RCS)
With Manual and Mechanical Separator System
(For Biodegradable or Nabubulok waste)
The system is composed of two units : Rapid Composting Unit (RCS) and the Manual and Mechanical Segregator both supported by conveyors and sub-conveyors.
This equipment basically converts biodegradable waste into powdered raw organic Fertilizer in five (5) minutes and into a complete high quality organic fertilizer in only 5 days after putting them into polytwine bags and storing them in the bodega for 5 days composting period instead of the usual 45 days.
The quality of organic fertilizer that is produced is very high quality, since the compost is well grounded and treated by bio-6 enzyme (lactobacilli), carbon activator, cocopeat and natural fresh water origin zeolyte.
The Fertilizer is also free from toxic elements since before processing the plastic, metals, bottles and other big materials in the biodegradable to the plant are removed by the Manual and Mechanical Segregator System.
The system other than achieving it’s major objective of eliminating Pollution and Dumpsite also will help the Government in terms of food production, health and economy.
Read more: http://www.sulit.com.ph/index.php/view+classifieds/id/4608558/MAXISAVER+FERTILIZER+MACHINE+AND+SYSTEM
This document discusses bio-medical waste management. It defines bio-medical waste and outlines the dangers of improper management, which can lead to public health hazards and environmental pollution. It describes the sources and categories of healthcare waste and how waste should be treated and disposed of according to regulations. Methods of treatment discussed include incineration, chemical disinfection, thermal treatment, and land disposal. The document also provides information on bio-medical waste management in India, including generation amounts, treatment facilities, and an example of a common treatment facility called IMAGE in Kerala.
This document discusses solid waste management in Malaysia. It outlines the various sources of waste and activities involved in waste management, including collection, transportation, segregation, recycling, and disposal. The main objective is to determine how to control, collect, process, and dispose of solid waste in an economical way while protecting public health. Methods of waste collection, temporary storage, recycling, and disposal techniques like incineration and landfilling are explained. The conclusion emphasizes the need for reducing waste and developing economic disposal methods that prevent environmental pollution.
This document discusses proper waste disposal and management. The goals are to maintain a cleaner environment, reduce disease, and protect soil and water from contamination. Proper waste disposal can increase recycling and reuse rates while decreasing landfill waste. The objectives outlined ensure environmental protection, job growth, consumer awareness, and effective solid waste management. The mission is to educate people on proper waste separation and disposal to reduce pollution and protect the environment.
Biodegradable and non biodegradable waste and their management project power...Yousuf Ansari
This document summarizes biodegradable waste. It defines biodegradable waste as waste that can be broken down by microorganisms within weeks or months. Common types of biodegradable waste include food waste, paper waste, biodegradable plastics, and human and animal waste. If not exposed to oxygen, biodegradable waste can decay to methane through anaerobic digestion. The main environmental threat from biodegradable waste is methane and greenhouse gas production. Biodegradable waste can be used to produce compost, heat, electricity, or fuel through composting or anaerobic digestion.
The document discusses wastewater management and treatment. It describes how wastewater contains pollutants and needs to be treated before discharge. The treatment process typically involves primary, secondary, and sometimes tertiary steps. Primary treatment removes solids through screens and sedimentation. Secondary treatment uses microbes to break down organic matter, often through activated sludge treatment or trickling filters. Tertiary treatment can further remove nutrients and pathogens through methods like filtration or disinfection. The goal of treatment is to make wastewater safe to release into the environment while minimizing environmental impacts.
The document discusses sewage treatment processes. It defines sewage as waste water from communities containing excreta and waste water. Sewage treatment involves primary, secondary, and tertiary processes. Primary treatment separates solids through screens and sedimentation. Secondary treatment uses bacteria to break down dissolved biological matter through trickling filters or activated sludge. Tertiary treatment further treats biosolids before disposal and disinfection of treated water. The goal is to purify sewage to acceptable standards before releasing it or reuse.
This document provides an overview of solid waste management. It defines different types of waste and how they are classified. Municipal solid waste, biomedical waste, industrial waste, agricultural waste, fishery waste, radioactive waste, and e-waste are some of the key sources and types discussed. Technologies for processing, treating, and disposing of solid waste are also examined, including composting, vermicomposting, waste-to-energy, anaerobic digestion, incineration, pyrolysis, landfilling, and the waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse, and recycle. The magnitude of India's waste problem is highlighted, noting increasing waste generation rates and impacts on health, environment and climate if not managed properly.
This document provides an overview of solid waste management. It begins with definitions of solid waste and municipal solid waste. It then discusses sources and types of municipal solid waste, as well as typical generation quantities. The key elements of municipal solid waste management systems are outlined, including collection, transfer, transport, disposal methods like landfilling and incineration, and the 4R concept of reduce, reuse, recycle, recover. Specific collection and disposal methods are described in more detail. The document also discusses the characteristics, composition and impact of municipal solid waste. A case study example is provided at the end to illustrate some of the concepts.
Waste management refers to the collection, transportation, and disposal of various types of waste, including solid and liquid hazardous and non-hazardous waste. It involves waste collection, transportation to disposal sites, segregation, recycling, and minimization efforts. Bangalore generates around 8,000 tonnes of solid waste and 300 million litres of liquid waste daily, with 60% being transported for disposal through burning or burying, 15% recycled, and controlling the remaining waste. Hazardous wastes, which are ignitable, corrosive, reactive and toxic, are generated from industries like pharmaceuticals and chemicals as well as hospitals and can harm human and other living organisms.
This proposal discusses solid waste management in three key areas:
1) It defines solid waste and discusses its sources and impacts. Improper management poses risks like bacterial contamination, toxic contamination, and air pollution.
2) It outlines objectives to improve solid waste management including achieving 90% waste collection efficiency within 30 months through monitoring, coordination, and facilitating improved practices.
3) It discusses several solid waste management methods like recycling, composting, and sanitary landfilling and their environmental benefits compared to open dumping and burning. The proposal is presented to a professor and seeks to improve local solid waste management over three years.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT at KALUTHARA(KALUTHARA URBAN COUNCIL)
A presentation Done by the 1st Year Students (Group 2) of the Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura for the Environmental Chemistry Assignment..
Thermal pollution is defined as the addition of excess heat to water that makes it harmful to aquatic life. Thermal pollution is caused by the discharge of heated water or hot waste material into water bodies from various sources like nuclear power plants, industrial effluents, domestic sewage, hydroelectric power plants, and coal fired power plants. The document discusses the impacts of thermal pollution from these sources and some control measures that can be implemented like cooling towers, cooling ponds, spray ponds, and artificial lakes.
This document discusses water pollution, including its causes, sources, types, effects, and methods of prevention. It defines water pollution as the contamination of water bodies by human and natural activities. The two main sources are point source pollution from single identifiable sources like factories, and non-point source pollution from multiple diffuse sources like agricultural runoff. Various types of water pollution are described, and effects include harm to aquatic life, disruption of food chains, diseases in humans, and destruction of ecosystems. Prevention methods center around proper waste disposal, reduced chemical usage, and wastewater treatment.
Segregation means dividing waste into categories. Wet waste refers to organic waste that is damp, while dry waste includes materials like paper, cardboard, bottles and cans. Proper segregation of waste allows for recycling and disposal of waste in an environmentally-friendly manner. Organic waste can be further segregated based on items that have been in contact with meat versus other food scraps. Segregating domestic waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories allows for composting of biodegradable material.
The document discusses Bangalore's transition from a Garden City to a Garbage City due to improper waste management. It notes a lack of civic rules, implementation, awareness, and personal discipline regarding waste. Various waste streams are described, including food, garden, dry, medical, and debris waste. Issues with current landfill sites far from the city are also discussed. Solutions proposed include segregating waste, composting organic materials, and establishing dry waste collection centers. The need for managing waste through a four-part process of segregation, recycling, composting, and managed disposal is emphasized.
How our communities collect waste and recyclablesJhaPratik
This document discusses different types of waste, how communities collect waste and recyclables, and the importance of recycling. It outlines five main types of waste - organic, hazardous, solid, liquid, and recyclable. It then describes three methods of waste collection: household, neighborhood, and community. The document emphasizes that recycling saves resources and energy, reduces pollution and landfill use, and notes that paper, plastic, metal, glass and other materials can all be recycled to produce new products.
This document discusses different methods of solid waste and sewage disposal. It defines solid waste and sewage and identifies their sources. Methods of solid waste disposal discussed include dumping, landfills, composting, and incineration. Landfills can be improved by making them sanitary and controlled. Composting and recycling are better options. Sewage disposal methods include pit latrines, flush toilets, and aqua privies. The role of community health nurses in educating about proper waste disposal and preventing disease transmission is also covered.
This document provides information on recycling paper and plastic. It discusses the history of recycling and details the processes involved in recycling paper and plastic, including sorting, cleaning, deinking, and reprocessing recycled materials into new products. The benefits of recycling include reducing waste and preserving natural resources, though plastic is difficult to reuse and decompose. Proper recycling and reduction of plastic usage is important to reduce pollution and its harmful impacts on health and the environment.
This document discusses different types of waste and waste management strategies. It describes solid wastes as being either biodegradable or non-biodegradable, and hazardous or non-hazardous. It also discusses municipal, biomedical, industrial, agricultural, fishery, and e-wastes. Common waste management strategies mentioned include landfilling, incineration, compaction, and pyrolysis. The document emphasizes the importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling wastes to minimize health and environmental impacts.
The document discusses various aspects of waste management. It defines waste management as all activities related to managing waste from generation to disposal. This includes collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of waste along with monitoring and regulation. It discusses the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle in modern waste management approaches. Various methods of waste disposal like landfills and incineration are also explained along with their advantages and disadvantages. Environmental and economic impacts of waste as well as steps individuals can take to reduce waste are highlighted.
The document discusses solid waste and sewage disposal methods. It begins by outlining the objectives of discussing waste management topics like defining solid waste and sewage. It then covers various waste disposal methods like dumping, composting, landfilling, and incineration. For sewage/excreta disposal it discusses dry/conservancy methods using latrines and wet/water carriage sewage systems. Key steps in sewage treatment like screening, grit removal, and sedimentation tanks are also summarized. The document aims to explain waste and sewage management and their role in disease transmission.
In his PPT you will come to know about the TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTE, ITS MANAGEMENT and MICROORGANISMS INVOLVED IN THE TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTE. do like, share and follow me to get more such PPT to be uploaded.
Composting making black gold for a sustainable living on an individual or com...Sanghamitra Kundu
Our society needs to start composting for a sustainable living and to reduce the load on landfill. This will not only protect the environment from harmful products but also will enhance the soil quality.
This document discusses several sustainable methods for refuse and waste disposal at the local level, including landfills, on-site burial, composting, biogas plants, incineration, and manure pits. It provides details on each method, such as how composting and biogas plants work, types of incinerators, and manure handling systems. The document also discusses sources of waste, types of waste, and land disposal methods as well as their environmental impacts.
Waste management involves reducing, reusing, and recycling waste. The main types of waste are solid and liquid. Solid waste is classified as biodegradable/recyclable or non-biodegradable. Solid waste can be collected through house-to-house pickup, community bins, or self-delivery to disposal sites. Methods for solid waste disposal include waste reduction, composting, anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, and reuse/recycling of materials like paper and plastics. Landfilling is used for non-recyclable inorganic waste.
Cities generate over 1 billion tons of solid waste annually, which is projected to increase to over 2 billion tons by 2025. India generates over 62 million tons of waste annually and is ranked 5th in the world for plastic waste generation and 10th for municipal solid waste generation. Most waste ends up in landfills, which creates environmental problems like pollution from leachate and methane emissions. Composting and waste reduction through practices like reuse and recycling can help reduce the waste sent to landfills. Aerobic and anaerobic composting methods turn food and garden waste into nutrient-rich compost that can be used in gardens and farms.
tHESE SLIDES ARE PREPAREED TO UNDERSTAND about DISPOSAL OF WASTE IN EASY WAY Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU... CHANEL PLAYLIST- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMvGqeqH2ZTklzFAZhOrvgP HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAM7mZ1vZhQBHWbdLnLb-cH9 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPFxu78NDLpGPaxEmK1fTao COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOWo4IwNjLU_LCuhRN0ZLeb ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6 MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOdyoHnDLAoR_o8M6ccqYBm HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAN4L-FJ3s_IEXgZCijGUA1A ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMYv2a1hFcq4W1nBjTnRkHP facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/ FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S... facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139... FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG – BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu... Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08 #PEM, #ASHA,#DISPOSALOFWASTE,#ICDS,#nurses,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #CHILD, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICE
THESE SLIDES ARE PREPAREED TO UNDERSTAND about communicable diseases IN EASY WAY Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU... CHANEL PLAYLIST- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMvGqeqH2ZTklzFAZhOrvgP HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAM7mZ1vZhQBHWbdLnLb-cH9 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPFxu78NDLpGPaxEmK1fTao COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOWo4IwNjLU_LCuhRN0ZLeb ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6 MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOdyoHnDLAoR_o8M6ccqYBm HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAN4L-FJ3s_IEXgZCijGUA1A ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMYv2a1hFcq4W1nBjTnRkHP facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/ FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S... facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139... FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG – BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu... Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08 #PEM, #solidwastedisposal,#communicablediseases,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #CHILD, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICE,#HEALTHPROBLEMS
unit 5 C. waste management-1.pptx bsn2 semesterYounasPanda
This document discusses proper waste management in communities. It defines different types of waste like solid waste, sewage, and sullage. It describes methods for disposal of solid waste like segregation, collection, transportation, and disposal through recycling, composting, landfilling, or incineration. For sewage disposal, it discusses non-sewerage methods like conservancy and sanitary latrines, as well as sewerage systems. The role of community health nurses in educating about proper waste disposal and preventing disease transmission is also outlined.
Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management. As long as humans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did.
This document describes a Khamba composter, which is a stackable composting device used to manage organic waste. It discusses how to set up and use the three-box composter by placing different materials in each box and rotating the boxes as they fill. Black soldier fly larvae are added to help break down the waste and can later be used as fish and poultry feed. The composting process takes months and involves microorganisms like bacteria and fungi breaking down the organic materials into humus to produce a valuable organic fertilizer.
In recent years, it is no doubt that in India, where on one side pollution is increasing day by day due to accumulation of organic waste and on the other side there is a great shortage of organic manure.
It has been estimated that India, as a whole, generates as much as 25 million tonnes of urban solid waste of diverse composition per year. Solid waste comprises of both organic and inorganic matter.
Under the present condition of environmental degradation, vermicomposting technology is the best way to meet all the requirements of the society. This is a process of recycling trash/agricultural wastes in an efficient and eco-friendly manner in order to produce quality compost.
Organic wastes can be broken down and fragmented rapidly by earthworms, resulting in a stable non-toxic material with good structure, which has a potentially high economic value and also acts as a soil conditioner for plant growth.
It is a type of composting in which worms eat and metabolize organic matter that comprises to a better end product known as Vermicast (commonly called as BLACK GOLD) which has a stuff of nutrients that can be directly incorporated into the soil to help with plant fertilization, soil enrichment and soil stability.From a social point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Improve the social status of the individuals and the community.
Create motivation for people to live in the countryside by providing job
opportunities and business plans.
From a hygienic point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Produce chemical-free crops which will improve people's health.
Reduce the danger of lung diseases and other diseases resulting from burning the organic wastes in the field.EPIGEIC EARTHWORMS:
Earthworms of this group cannot make burrows in the soil. They can only move through crevices of the surface. They feed exclusively on decomposing organic wastes.
ENDOGEIC EARTHWORMS:
They are subsoil dwellers. Secretions of body wall of earthworms cement and smoothen the walls of the burrows and protect the wall from collapsing easily. They move below 30cm or more in the soil
ANECIC EARTHWORMS:
They are found in the soil, which is not frequently disturbed. They make very complicated burrows in the sol and they firmly pack their burrow walls with their castings. The Anecic earthworms like Epigeic earthworms are commonly found in temperate countries.Vermicompost is an excellent soil additive made up of digested compost. Worm castings are much higher in nutrients and microbial life and therefore, are considered as a higher value product. Worm castings contain up to 5 times the plant available nutrients. It not only adds microbial organisms and nutrients that have long lasting residual effects, it also modulates structure to the existing soil, increases water retention capacity. Vermicompost contains an average of 1.5% - 2.2% N, 1.8% - 2.2% P and 1.0% - 1.5% K. The organic carbon is ranging from 9.15 to 17.98 and contains micronutrients Nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium..
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
4. SEGREGATION
Waste segregation
means dividing waste into dry and wet.
Dry waste includes wood and related
products, metals and glass.
Wet waste, typically refers to organic
waste usually generated by eating
establishments and are heavy in weight
due to dampness. Waste can also be
segregated on basis of biodegradable or
non-biodegradable waste.
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
5. Organic waste should also be segregated for disposal.
The following categories are recommended:
Leftover food which has had any contact with meat should be collected
separately to prevent the spread of bacteria. - If other leftovers are sent, for example,
to local farmers, they should be sterilized before being fed to the animals. Peel
and scrapings from fruit and vegetables can be composted along with other
degradable matter. Other waste can be included for composting, too, such as cut
flowers, coffee grindings, rotting fruit, tea bags, egg- and nutshells, paper
towels etc.
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
6. Segregation of domestic waste:
Domestic waste is segregated into different dustbins:
biodegradable and non biodegradable.
Useful products made out of Biodegradable domestic waste:
..these waste are converted into some useful products like
compost and gobar gas
..eco friendly biodegradable household waste bag
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
7. Wet waste Dry waste
Wet-green Dry = Blue
If it’s sticky, mucky, or dirty,
If it’s dry, place it in the
put it in the green bag. Wet
waste includes all food items, blue bag. Dry waste
soiled food wrappers, includes all items that are
hygiene products, tissues and not wet or soiled. It also
paper towels, as well as any includes items that can
other soiled item that would be easily rinsed or wiped
contaminate the recyclables. clean, recyclables and
non-recyclables, all types
of paper, cardboard,
bottles, cans, etc.
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
9. What service is indirectly done by the rag
pickers/poor garbage collectors for the disposal of
waste?
The rag pickers/ poor
garbage collectors help in
removing much of the
waste from the garbage
dumps.
They remove pieces of
metals, glass, rubber &
plastics etc which are
recycled to get some finished
products.
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
11. Composting process
•What is it?.....It is a
process involving
decomposition of the
organic waste into humus
which is a good
fertilizer for plants.
It produces carbon
dioxide & heat which can
be used for various
purposes like cooking.
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
12. How is compost made?
Wastes from the household are made to undergo
decomposition in such a way that bacteria &
other micro-organisms break them down &
produce a safe, clean & soil like material known
as compost.
compost is made simply by adding compostable
items to a compost heap when you feel like it.
It will all compost eventually but
may take a long time and if the mix is unbalanced,
may not produce a very pleasant end product.
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
13. green materials
Raw vegetable peelings from 'Browns' or carbon rich ingredients -
your kitchen slow to rot
Cardboard eg. cereal packets and
egg boxes
Tea bags and leaves Waste paper and junk mail,
including shredded confidential
Soft green prunings waste
Cardboard
Animal manure from herbivores
Newspaper � although it is better
eg cows and horses for the environment to send your
newspapers for recycling
Poultry manture Bracken
Making compost Wood shavings
Fallen leaves can be composted
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
14. INDORE METHOD OF COMPOSTING
Layers of vegetable waste & night
soil are alternated in a
shallow hole dug in the ground; this
is turned regularly
for about 3 months so as to provide
air to the mixture.
Compost is now left for one more
month without turning
for the process to take effect.
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
15. Bangalore method of composting
Inthis the waste material is placed in
layers one metre deep , this material is
not
turned at all and decomposes after 5
months .
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
16. Advantages of composting
It enhances the soil
nutrients
It increases the water
retention capacity
It revives the poor soil
by adding humus
It prevents pollution by
preventing the water
run off from draining
into water resources
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
18. Drainage and treatment of effluents
The contaminants in the environment
which cause harm to the human health
should be removed and his is done by
treating the water which could be later
used for some beneficial purposes.
Waste water is treated in three stages:
Primary stage
Secondary stage
Tertiary stage
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
19. PRIMARY TREATMENT: physical separation of suspended waste as well as
odour and colour
Sand, pebbles, metals, egg shells
(a)Screening and etc are called grit.
settling:
Impurities are removed by passing
It includes removing
the waste water in the grit chamber.
coarse solids like rags,
sticks ,boards etc. The
waste water is passed The flow velocity of water is
through a perforated decreased in the grit chamber.
sheet which removes
the coarse particles
This allows the grit to settle down .
Grit is than removed from the grit
(Perforated sheet-A hole or chamber either by hand or
series of holes punched or mechanically.
bored through something,
especially a hole in a series, Water which is free from suspended
separating sections in a sheet coarse solids & grit then flows into the
or CNMP Development Course
roll.) sedimentation tank.
November 16-18, 2004
20. Water is stored in large basin
Water which is stored in reservoirs, allows
sand particles , clay etc to settle at the
bottom of the basin as sludge.
This sludge is removed by taking it to a
discharge point at the bottom of the basin
for withdrawal.
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
21. Coagulation or Flocculation
Inthis process the Coagulant such as
sedimented water is aluminum sulphate or alum
is used.
subjected to chemical
process.
Coagulant helps in the
agglomeration of fine
Thisis done to remove particles suspended in
water.
the turbidity(cloudy
appearance of water
Agglomerated particles
because of small
are again separated by
particles. sedimentation or filtration.
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
23. Filtration
•It is a process of separation of
suspended impurities from
water
•It is used to remove micro-
organisms as well as the
remaining fine particles.
•Drawback(various types of
dissolved salts, fats can’t be
separated)
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
24. Secondary treatment of water
Water treated by the primary treatment still contains
pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms. These have to
be removed as they has a high demand for oxygen.
This high demand for oxygen is removed before discharging
the waste water into the water bodies.
In this method organic matter is biologically degraded by
the micro-organisms.(it is also known as biological
treatment).
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
25. Secondary treatment of water
The water now leaves the
The waste water(containing aeration tank & carries with
organic matter) is put in the it the sludge having organic
tank of sludge heavily laden matter (biomass).
with micro-organisms.
A part of biomass is used
again to consume more of
Micro-organisms digest the the organic matter from the
organic matter and reduces waste water and is known
Biological Oxygen Demand as ‘activated sludge’
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
27. Tertiary treatment of water
Also known as advanced Waste Treatment.
It is a process that is used to improve the quality of water
that has received primary and secondary treatment.
It also helps in the removal of pollutants(pesticides and
insecticides)which gives a peculiar colour, taste and odour
to water and lead to health problem.
In order to get rid of the micro-organisms chlorine or
bleaching powder is added to water to disinfect it.
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
28. incineration
A process of controlled high temperature
oxidation of the organic compounds that
release thermal energy and produce
carbon dioxide
or
It involves burning of waste at a very high
temperature
Itis a useful technology to deal with the
large quantities of organic hazardous
waste.
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
29. Advantages disadvantages
Incineration kills Pollutesthe
pathogenic organisms &
reduce the volume of atmosphere
waste Devices used are
costly
It helps in dealing with the Should be
large amount of waste.
managed carefully
otherwise may
Waste produces heat
cause harm to the
which is used to produce
steam from water to health of the
produce electricity people living
nearby
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
30. Scrubber
.The liquid droplets
containing the
..It
is a device using the
particulates settle at
spray of water for
the bottom.
catching pollutants
during emissions
..Asthe polluted gas
flows upwards, the
particulates present in
the gas collide with the
water droplets sprayed
from the spray nozzles.
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004
31. Advantages
Electrostatic precipitator
Economic and provide high efficiency up 60%
Do not produce the moisture plume
Disadvantages
Espcannot be used with mist or sticky particles
May be subjected to corrosion
CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004