Safe disposal of wastefull chap

SEGREGATION
MEANING

The action or state
of setting someone
or something apart
from other people
or things or being
set apart.

CNMP Development Course November 16-18, 2004

SEGREGATION
 Waste segregation

 means dividing waste into dry and wet.

 Dry waste includes wood and related
products, metals and glass.

 Wet waste, typically refers to organic
waste usually generated by eating
establishments and are heavy in weight
due to dampness. Waste can also be
segregated on basis of biodegradable or
non-biodegradable waste.


Organic waste should also be segregated for disposal.
The following categories are recommended:

Leftover food which has had any contact with meat should be collected

separately to prevent the spread of bacteria. - If other leftovers are sent, for example,

to local farmers, they should be sterilized before being fed to the animals. Peel

and scrapings from fruit and vegetables can be composted along with other

degradable matter. Other waste can be included for composting, too, such as cut

flowers, coffee grindings, rotting fruit, tea bags, egg- and nutshells, paper

towels etc.


 Segregation of domestic waste:
Domestic waste is segregated into different dustbins:
biodegradable and non biodegradable.

Useful products made out of Biodegradable domestic waste:

..these waste are converted into some useful products like
compost and gobar gas

..eco friendly biodegradable household waste bag


Wet waste Dry waste
 Wet-green  Dry = Blue

 If it’s sticky, mucky, or dirty,
 If it’s dry, place it in the
put it in the green bag. Wet
waste includes all food items, blue bag. Dry waste
soiled food wrappers, includes all items that are
hygiene products, tissues and not wet or soiled. It also
paper towels, as well as any includes items that can
other soiled item that would be easily rinsed or wiped
contaminate the recyclables. clean, recyclables and
non-recyclables, all types
of paper, cardboard,
bottles, cans, etc.


catheters


What service is indirectly done by the rag
pickers/poor garbage collectors for the disposal of
waste?

 The rag pickers/ poor
garbage collectors help in
removing much of the
waste from the garbage
dumps.

They remove pieces of
metals, glass, rubber &
plastics etc which are
recycled to get some finished
products.

Composting process

•What is it?.....It is a
process involving
decomposition of the
organic waste into humus
which is a good
fertilizer for plants.

It produces carbon
dioxide & heat which can
be used for various
purposes like cooking.

How is compost made?
Wastes from the household are made to undergo
decomposition in such a way that bacteria &
other micro-organisms break them down &
produce a safe, clean & soil like material known
as compost.

compost is made simply by adding compostable
items to a compost heap when you feel like it.
It will all compost eventually but
may take a long time and if the mix is unbalanced,
may not produce a very pleasant end product.


 green materials
 Raw vegetable peelings from  'Browns' or carbon rich ingredients -
your kitchen slow to rot
 Cardboard eg. cereal packets and
egg boxes
 Tea bags and leaves  Waste paper and junk mail,
including shredded confidential
 Soft green prunings waste
 Cardboard

 Animal manure from herbivores
 Newspaper � although it is better
eg cows and horses for the environment to send your
newspapers for recycling
 Poultry manture  Bracken

Making compost  Wood shavings

 Fallen leaves can be composted


INDORE METHOD OF COMPOSTING
Layers of vegetable waste & night
soil are alternated in a

shallow hole dug in the ground; this
is turned regularly

for about 3 months so as to provide
air to the mixture.

Compost is now left for one more
month without turning

for the process to take effect.


Bangalore method of composting

 Inthis the waste material is placed in
 layers one metre deep , this material is
not
 turned at all and decomposes after 5
 months .


Advantages of composting

 It enhances the soil
nutrients
 It increases the water
retention capacity
 It revives the poor soil
by adding humus
 It prevents pollution by
preventing the water
run off from draining
into water resources


TREATMENT OF EFFLUENTS


Drainage and treatment of effluents
 The contaminants in the environment
which cause harm to the human health
should be removed and his is done by
treating the water which could be later
used for some beneficial purposes.

Waste water is treated in three stages:

Primary stage
Secondary stage
Tertiary stage


PRIMARY TREATMENT: physical separation of suspended waste as well as
odour and colour

(a)Screening and  Sand, pebbles, metals, egg shells
settling: etc are called grit.

It includes removing  Impurities are removed by passing
coarse solids like the waste water in the grit chamber.
rags, sticks ,boards
etc. The waste water is
 The flow velocity of water is
passed through a
decreased in the grit chamber.
perforated sheet which
removes the coarse
particles  This allows the grit to settle down .

 Grit is than removed from the grit
 (Perforated sheet-A hole or chamber either by hand or
series of holes punched or mechanically.
bored through something,
especially a hole in a series,  Water which is free from suspended
separating sections in a sheet coarse solids & grit then flows into the
or CNMP Development Course
roll.) sedimentation tank.
November 16-18, 2004

 Water is stored in large basin

 Water which is stored in reservoirs, allows
sand particles , clay etc to settle at the
bottom of the basin as sludge.

 This sludge is removed by taking it to a
discharge point at the bottom of the basin
for withdrawal.


Coagulation or Flocculation
 Inthis process the  Coagulant such as
sedimented water is aluminum sulphate or alum
is used.
subjected to chemical

process.
 Coagulant helps in the
agglomeration of fine
 Thisis done to remove particles suspended in
water.
the turbidity(cloudy
appearance of water
Agglomerated particles
because of small 
are again separated by
particles. sedimentation or filtration.


ALUM


Filtration
•It is a process of separation of
suspended impurities from
water
•It is used to remove micro-
organisms as well as the
remaining fine particles.
•Drawback(various types of
dissolved salts, fats can’t be
separated)


Secondary treatment of water

 Water treated by the primary treatment still contains
pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms. These have to
be removed as they has a high demand for oxygen.

 This high demand for oxygen is removed before discharging
the waste water into the water bodies.

 In this method organic matter is biologically degraded by
the micro-organisms.(it is also known as biological
treatment).


Secondary treatment of water

 The water now leaves the
 The waste water(containing aeration tank & carries with
organic matter) is put in the it the sludge having organic
tank of sludge heavily laden matter (biomass).
with micro-organisms.
 A part of biomass is used
again to consume more of
 Micro-organisms digest the the organic matter from the
organic matter and reduces waste water and is known
Biological Oxygen Demand as ‘activated sludge’


Tertiary treatment of water
 Also known as advanced Waste Treatment.
 It is a process that is used to improve the quality of water
that has received primary and secondary treatment.

 It also helps in the removal of pollutants(pesticides and
insecticides)which gives a peculiar colour, taste and odour
to water and lead to health problem.

 In order to get rid of the micro-organisms chlorine or
bleaching powder is added to water to disinfect it.


incineration
A process of controlled high temperature
oxidation of the organic compounds that
release thermal energy and produce
carbon dioxide
 or
 It involves burning of waste at a very high
temperature

 Itis a useful technology to deal with the
large quantities of organic hazardous
waste.

Advantages disadvantages
 Incineration kills  Pollutesthe
pathogenic organisms &
reduce the volume of atmosphere
waste  Devices used are
costly
 It helps in dealing with the  Should be
large amount of waste.
managed carefully
otherwise may
 Waste produces heat
cause harm to the
which is used to produce
steam from water to health of the
produce electricity people living
nearby

Scrubber
 .The liquid droplets
containing the
 ..It
is a device using the
particulates settle at
spray of water for
the bottom.
catching pollutants
during emissions

 ..Asthe polluted gas
flows upwards, the
particulates present in
the gas collide with the
water droplets sprayed
from the spray nozzles.


Advantages
Electrostatic precipitator
 Economic and provide high efficiency up 60%

 Do not produce the moisture plume

Disadvantages

 Espcannot be used with mist or sticky particles
 May be subjected to corrosion


Safe disposal of wastefull chap

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