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Root Cause Analysis (RCA) Tools
This document provides an overview of root cause analysis (RCA) and common RCA tools. It discusses the CPAR/SCPAR process for documenting problems, determining root causes, and implementing corrective actions. Three commonly used RCA tools are described: 5 Why's analysis involves repeatedly asking why to drill down to the root cause; affinity diagrams group detailed causes into major categories; and fishbone diagrams illustrate the relationship between causes and effects. The document encourages using the appropriate tool based on the problem complexity and provides examples of applying each tool.
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Introduction of RCA by Jeremy Jay Lim, highlighting credentials such as Certified Black Belt and PMP.
Objectives to identify root causes of CPAR/SCPAR problems and recommend effective solutions.
Outline of the CPAR/SCPAR process from problem occurrence to corrective action completion.
5-step approach for corrective and preventive actions as proposed by Tonya White-Salters.
Emphasis on effectiveness of CPAR/SCPAR linked to identifying and addressing root causes.
Discussion on symptoms indicating root causes might be incorrectly identified.
Introduction to RCA tools including 5 Why's Analysis, Fishbone Diagram, and Affinity Diagram.
Explains 5 Why's Analysis as a tool to uncover root causes through iterative questioning.
Guidelines to avoid biases and utilize the right personnel for effective 5 Why's Analysis.
Illustration of a 5 Why's Analysis using a pizza delivery scenario with a cost impact of Php4,000.
Introduction to Affinity Diagram as a tool to group inter-related causes and identify major issues.
Process of brainstorming detailed causes for the Affinity Diagram.
Collaboration for grouping inter-related causes identified in the Affinity Diagram.
Final stage in Affinity Diagram creation to pinpoint major causes.
Defines Fishbone Diagram for identifying root causes via cause-and-effect analysis.
Initial step in creating a Fishbone Diagram by stating the problem.
Second stage of Fishbone Diagram focusing on defining major cause groups.
Final step of Fishbone Diagram identifying specific root causes.
Describes when to use different RCA tools: 5 Why's, Affinity Diagram, and Fishbone Diagram.
Group activity involving RCA tools to identify root causes from previous CPAR/SCPAR cases.
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- 1. RCA Root Cause Analysis JeremyJay Lim Certified Black Belt, PMP, BPM
- 2. Learning objectives • Beable to identify the underlying root cause(s) out of the CPAR or SCPAR problem! • Be able to recommend an effective solution based on the identified root cause(s)
- 3. CPAR / SCPARBasic Process Problem Occurs Deviation or Failure Determine Root Cause Determine Corrective Acton Issue CPAR Identify CPAR Respondents Respondents write answers to CPAR Responses approved Corrective action starts Corrective & Preventive Respondents sign-off when completed Effectiveness is reviewed CAR Closed
- 4. CPAR / SCPARSolution Approach "Corrective Action & Preventive Action: 5 Step Approach", Tonya White-Salters, Avecia Consulting
- 5. CPAR/SCPAR is noteffective when Root Cause is not pointed out and addressed! "Corrective Action & Preventive Action: 5 Step Approach", Tonya White-Salters, Avecia Consulting
- 6. Symptoms of IncorrectRoot Cause "Corrective Action & Preventive Action: 5 Step Approach", Tonya White-Salters, Avecia Consulting
- 7. RCA Tools • 5Why's Analysis • Fishbone Diagram • Affinity Diagram
- 8. 5 Why's Analysis Asimple tool for drilling- down on the problem statement until the root cause is identified by asking "WHY" 5 times Countermeasure Problem Statement
- 9. 5 Why's Analysis TIPS:! Avoidintentional or unintentional bias while answering! Find the right person who can answer the 5Why's! Use other RCA Tools if you're getting misleading answers Countermeasure Problem Statement
- 10. Example of 5Why's Analysis Problem Statement: The pizza delivery personnel's motorbike stopped while on his way to deliver several orders of pizza resulting to delay! Cost Impact: All delayed pizza were given free of charge to the customers amounting to a total of Php4,000.00 Why 1: Why did the motorbike stopped?! Answer 1: Because it ran out of gas while on its way to deliver pizzas! ! Why 2: Why did then gas run out?! Answer 2: Because the delivery personnel did not gas up the motorbike that morning! ! Why 3: Why didn't the personnel gas up the motorbike that morning?! Answer 3: Because the personnel did not have money to buy the gas! ! Why 4: Why did the personnel not have money to buy the gas?! Answer 4: Because he was not able to ask money from his manager! ! Why 5: Why was he not able to ask money from his manager?! Answer 5: Because he came in late and was not able to find the manager! Solution: The pizza delivery personnel should come to the office on time or earlier to find the manager and ask for gas money before the deliveries.
- 11. Affinity Diagram A simpletool for putting together a big number of detailed and inter-related causes and group them according to broad topics.! ! This helps in focusing on the bigger picture or Major root cause. ! ! Similar to Zooming Out. CAUSES Major Causes
- 12. Example of AffinityDiagram 1/3 Brainstorm on ideas about the causes
- 13. Example of AffinityDiagram 2/3 Group inter- related causes
- 14. Example of AffinityDiagram 3/3 Identify the Major Causes
- 15. Fishbone Diagram A qualitytool used for identifying the root cause based on the "Cause & Effect" relationships! ! Useful for analysis of complex problems! ! Grouping of causes can be according to 5Ms or by major causes
- 16. Example of FishboneDiagram 1/3 State the problem
- 17. Example of FishboneDiagram 2/3 Define the Major Groups of Causes
- 18. Example of FishboneDiagram 3/3 Identify the root cause(s)
- 19. Applicability of RCATools • 5 Why's Analysis! When looking at one major cause and needs drill-down to arrive at one root cause! •Affinity Diagram! When looking at several inter-related and detailed causes which have some things in common and can be grouped together to see the Major Causes! • Fishbone Diagram! When looking at numerous major causes and needs drill-down probing to arrive at numerous root causes(s) based on their Cause and Effect Relationships
- 20. Form groups of4 to 5 members Choose a problem coming from your past CPAR or SCPAR cases Use any of the RCA tools to identify the root cause and recommend a Corrective and/or Preventive Action Countermeasure Please ensure appropriateness of the selected RCA tool to the difficulty or complexity of the problem Team Exercise on RCA Tools