Introduction Gothic Architecture Characteristics Features of GOTHIC architecture Major Influences on Gothic Architecture Architecture Character of Gothic Style Difference Between Gothic and Romanesque Architecture Features for Sacredness in Gothic Architecture Types of Gothic Architecture Gothic Architecture-Styles French Gothic Architecture
Introduction Gothic Architecture Characteristics Features of GOTHIC architecture Major Influences on Gothic Architecture Architecture Character of Gothic Style Difference Between Gothic and Romanesque Architecture Features for Sacredness in Gothic Architecture Types of Gothic Architecture Gothic Architecture-Styles French Gothic Architecture
Comparison studies between Romanesque and Gothic architectureNoorul Mushfika
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque style, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 11th century, this later date being the most commonly held. While, gothic architecture is an architectural style that was particularly popular in Europe from the late 12th century to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture.
gothic architecture and how it started ,history , and more information all explaining this style.
mentioning the advantages of pointed arch
explaining the gothic floor plan
and explaining architecture in three major cities
The term Romanesque ("Roman-like") was first used to designate a style of architecture that used Roman arches and had thick, heavy walls, based upon the basilica. The style is pervasive throughout Europe.
Comparison studies between Romanesque and Gothic architectureNoorul Mushfika
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque style, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 11th century, this later date being the most commonly held. While, gothic architecture is an architectural style that was particularly popular in Europe from the late 12th century to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture.
gothic architecture and how it started ,history , and more information all explaining this style.
mentioning the advantages of pointed arch
explaining the gothic floor plan
and explaining architecture in three major cities
The term Romanesque ("Roman-like") was first used to designate a style of architecture that used Roman arches and had thick, heavy walls, based upon the basilica. The style is pervasive throughout Europe.
This is a lecture on Romanesque and Gothic Art to give to a college introductory survey course. It should take about an hour and a half to an hour and forty-five minutes to work through with students.
From the 12th century, the neeed for new buildings and the development of more advanced techniques allowed the gothic architectural style to developed.
More naturalistic and realistic style of painting and sculpture were the characteristic of the Gothic Style.
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
Decline of Roman Empire lead to building of large churches called cathedrals in a big way with the spread of organized monasteries called order.
Monastic orders include orders such as the Benedictine order (teachers), Augustinian order (preachers), the Cistercian order (farmers), the Clunaic order (artists), and Carthusian order (Ascetics).
The monks used a simplified Roman style with thick load bearing walls stout columns, small window openings and semi circular arches that came to be known as the “Romanesque” style.
Expansion of Romanesque architecture was linked with pilgrimage to Santiago, expansion of orders, crusades and development of feudal system.
The style can be discovered throughout Europe with its regional variations.
CHARACTERISTICS
Harmonious proportions
Thick and heavy walls and pillars
Small windows
Round arches supporting the roof.
Round blind arches for decoration
Sculptured decorations on portals, capitals and other surfaces.
Painted decorations
Plan: Retains basic plan of Early Christian Basilica ( Long three aisled nave intercepted by a transept and terminating in a semicircular apse crowned by a half dome ).
Support arches are the combination of half segments of large hollow columns or a clustered group of small shafts.
Cruciform in shape masonry and square or rectangle in section.
Barrel Vault:
The simplest type of vaulted roof
Single arched surfaces extend from wall to wall, the length of the space to be vaulted.
Barrel Vault requires strong support from solid walls.
Groin Vault: Intersection of two barrel vaults at right angles.
Ribbed Vault: In a ribbed vault, not only are the ribs spanning the vaulted area transversely but each vaulted bay has diagonal ribs.
Pointed arch Vault:
In Late Romanesque period, another solution came into use from regulating the height of diagonal and traverse ribs.
Salvaged Columns
In Italy, during this period, a great number of antique Roman columns were salvaged and reused in the interiors and on the porticos of churches.
The marble columns are most durable and have stone horizontally bedded.
Majority are vertically bedded and are sometimes of a variety of colors.
They have retained the original roman capitals, of the Corinthian or Roman Composite style.
Salvaged columns
Drum Columns
Hollow core columns
Alteration of piers and columns.
Building materials
Brick – Italy, Poland , much Germany and parts of the Netherland.
Limestone, granite – other areas
Building stone – small and irregular pieces, bedded in thick mortar.
Architectonical Typology - Church, Monastery, Castle.
Italian Romanesque - Pisa complex
French Romanesque -Abbey aux Hommes
English Romanesque - White tower
EVOLUTION OF ROMANESQUE TO GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
Gothic Architecture is an architectural style that flourished in Europe.It evolved from the Romanesque Architecture and succeeded by Renaissance Architecture.
Stages of Gothic Architecture
Characteristics
Regional Differences
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2. ROMANESQUE: General characteristics
and context
• Church controls every aspect of life,
• Pilgrimage and Crusades to save your soul,
• Churches, cathedrals and monasteries,
• Unsafety, need for protection,
• Fear to be judged by God and the end of the
World,
• Importance of symbology,
• Anonymous artists.
Historic Context: Early Middle Ages and Feudal System
(Units 1 and 2)
3. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
• STONE, solid and thick buildings, with big and thick columns, pillars and walls,
reinforced by buttresses (unsafe, mystic atmosphere). Not many windows, and very
small.
• Barrel vaults and ROUND ARCHES everywhere,
• Floor plan mainly as a Latin Cross, with ambulatory.
• Isolated small churches in the countryside,
• Big (but not very high) cathedrals due to pilgrimage.
Craftsmen’s marks
Santiago’s Latin cross
13. ROMANESQUE SCULPTURE
• Educational and religious function,
• They fit to architectural spaces,
• Unrealistic, feelings and mystic life are more important than real life,
• Colourful but disappeared today,
• Tympanums main themes: Christ in Glory and Last Judgement,
• Capitals and cloisters decorated with fantastic creatures and biblical scenes,
• Only a few examples of sculptures separated from a building.
Eve and AdamGriffins
20. ROMANESQUE PAINTING
• Directly painted on the wall inside churches: Altar, Apses...
• Bright colours are used, but they don’t last long...
• Importance of the black line outlining figures,
• Eyes, hands and feet emphasised,
• No concrete background,
• Main Themes: Christ in Glory (Pantocrator) and Virgin and Child,
23. GOTHIC: General characteristics and
context
• Religion was still very important,
• Reborn of urban life and cities’ economies,
• Life in the countryside and feudal system
declined,
• Universities were created,
• Kings were more powerful, and modern
states were created,
• Trade routes were safe and important in
Europe,
• God is good, he is people’s light.
Historic Context: Evolution of the Middle Ages. Growth
of Cities (Unit 3)
24. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
• STONE is still the main material used, but buildings were not heavy and solid. The
grew in height thanks to new technological advances: Pointed Arches, Rib Vaults and
Flying Buttresses.
• Big stained windows where light could easily come through,
• Latin Cross is still the main shape used as floor plan. Side naves were sometimes lower
than the central one.
• Cathedrals were gigantic, and other buildings were important like town halls, markets,
guild halls, palaces, showing the power and the wealth of the cities.
Toledo’s floor plan Valencia’s merchants hall
36. GOTHIC SCULPTURE
• Educational and religious function, like in Romanesque,
• They don’t fit to architectural spaces anymore,
• Realistic and natural, detailed clothes and gestures,
• Curves, movement and feelings are expressed: Christ suffering or happy Virgin,
• New forms appeared like altarpieces and gargoyles,
• Many examples of sculptures separated from a building.
Gargoyles
39. GOTHIC PAINTING
• Not only paintings on the wall of churches, also on wood,
• Religious themes, but increasing importance of portraits of merchants and nobility,
• Bright colours and use of gold,
• Eyes, hands and feet emphasised,
• Background landscapes,
• Movement and realism.
40. Descent from the Cross, Roger van der Weyden (Museo del Prado, Madrid)