The document discusses the impact and consequences of Johannes Gutenberg's printing press in the 15th century. It led to more books being produced at cheaper prices, allowing more people access to literature beyond just the wealthy and religious texts. Ideas could spread more widely and quickly. This contributed to criticisms of the Catholic Church by humanists like Erasmus of Rotterdam and helped spark the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century led by figures such as Martin Luther. The Renaissance artistic and architectural styles also spread across Europe during this period.
“With its twin Baroque towers soaring over the Praza do Obradoiro, this monument to St James is a majestic sight, as befits one of the great shrines of Christendom. The core of the present building dates from the 11-13C and stands on the site of the 9C basilica built by Alfonso II, Behind the Baroque façade and through the original Portico da Gloria is the same interior that met pilgrims in medieval times.” Eyewitness”
“The grand heart of Santiago, the cathedral soars above the city in a splendid jumble of spires and sculpture. Built piecemeal over several centuries, its beauty is a mix of the original Romanesque structure (constructed between 1075 and 1211) and later Gothic and baroque flourishes. The tomb of Santiago beneath the main altar is a magnet for all who come here. The cathedral's artistic high point is the Pórtico de la Gloria inside the west entrance, featuring 200 masterly Romanesque sculptures.” Lonely Planet
“With its twin Baroque towers soaring over the Praza do Obradoiro, this monument to St James is a majestic sight, as befits one of the great shrines of Christendom. The core of the present building dates from the 11-13C and stands on the site of the 9C basilica built by Alfonso II, Behind the Baroque façade and through the original Portico da Gloria is the same interior that met pilgrims in medieval times.” Eyewitness”
“The grand heart of Santiago, the cathedral soars above the city in a splendid jumble of spires and sculpture. Built piecemeal over several centuries, its beauty is a mix of the original Romanesque structure (constructed between 1075 and 1211) and later Gothic and baroque flourishes. The tomb of Santiago beneath the main altar is a magnet for all who come here. The cathedral's artistic high point is the Pórtico de la Gloria inside the west entrance, featuring 200 masterly Romanesque sculptures.” Lonely Planet
"Romanesque" can be used to cover all derivations of Roman architecture in the West, from the fall of Rome (c.450 CE) until the advent of the Gothic style around 1150. Traditionally, however, the term refers to the specific style of architecture, along with sculpture and other minor arts that appeared across France, Germany, Italy and Spain during the 11th century. Richer and more grandiose than anything witnessed during the era of Early Christian Art, the Romanesque style is characterized by a massiveness of scale, reflecting the greater social stability of the new Millennium, and the growing confidence of the Christian Church in Rome, a Church whose expansionism set in motion the Crusades to free the Holy Land from the grip of Islam. Later, the success of the Crusaders and their acquisition of Holy Relics stimulated further construction of new churches across Europe in the fully fledged Romanesque style of architecture (Norman architecture in Britain and Ireland). In turn this building program produced a huge demand for decorative religious art, including sculpture, stained glass and ecclesiastical metalwork of all types. By the 12th century certain architects and sculptors had become highly sought-after by ecclesiastical and also secular patrons.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
5. With the humanism, there
is an increasing number
of critics against the
Catholic Church
Erasmo de Rotterdam
Is highly critical with the
“false religion”: he inspired
a more personal and spiritual
faith.
Tomás Moro, chancellor of England
THE REFORMATION (16th Century)
6. In the 16th century,
indulgences were
Sold, in order to build
A new cathedral in Rome.
If you pay money to the
Church, your dead relatives
will go directly to Heaven.
This was outrageous for the
Most of the humanists like
Erasmo of Rotterdam.
“When the coin enters in the box, a soul
Is leaving the purgatory and rises to God’s kingdom”
THE REFORMATION (16th Century)
7. In 1516, a monk and
University teacher of
Wittgenberg, Martin
Luther decided to
break with the church
because of the
indulgences abuses.
Luther is compelled to express his
Ideas in the Imperial diet, with the
Emperor Charles the Fifth. He won’t
Deny his new ideas and his critics
Against the Catholic Church.
THE REFORMATION (16th Century)
8. The Catholicism of the Emperor
Charles V, moves Luther to be more
radical in his ideas. He is condemned
as heretic, and sentenced to
Death. However, he escapes and
burns the pope’s
Letter of excomunication.
Luther , translating the Bible into German.
THE REFORMATION (16th Century)
9. THE LUTHERAN PRECEPTS
- People can make a free interpretation of the
Bible.
- The Pope is not a true representative of God
in Earth.
- Only two sacraments are legitimate.
- Faith, and not good works, will save. If you
don’t have faith, good works don’t count.
THE REFORMATION (16th Century)
11. The Renaissance
• It began in Italy in the 15th century
and spread through Europe.
• It was based on the revival of the
classical heritage: ideal beauty,
proportion and harmony
• It was both religious and civil, with
popes, kings and rich families as
the main patrons.
12. The Renaissance: architecture
• Buildings were designed on a
human scale.
• Proportion and harmony.
• Churches, squares, palaces,
townhalls were built in this
stye.
• Features from Greece and
Rome:
- Dome (cúpula)
- Roman arch, square windows.
- Pilasters (pilastras)
- pediment (frontón)
- Frieze, columns and capitals.
- Roundels (medallones)
- Scrollwork (volutas) DORIC, IONIC AND CORINTHIAN ORDER
13. Italian Renaissance: Quattrocento.
DOME
ROUND ARCHS
NOT SO VERTICAL,
UNLIKE THE GOTHIC:
GEOMETRICAL
DECORATION
USE OF
MARBLE
“OCULOS”
(Rose window)
Cupole
LINTERNA
BRUNELLESCHI
Florence cathedral
Santa María de las Flores
14. Italian Renaissance: Cinquecento.
DOME
ROUND ARCHS
PEDIMENTS
FRIEZE
CORINTHIAN
CAPITALS &
COLUMS
Vegetal
decoration
Cupole
LINTERNA
MICHELANGELO
Saint Peter’s cathedral
PILASTERS
volutas
Square
windows
DORIC
ORDER
Detached
Human
sculptures
