History of Architecture 1 Report by: Ignacio DLS -College of St. Benilde School of Architecture 1st Term S.Y. 2016-17 November 2016

2. The Spread of Christianity
 Paul spread Christianity to the Greek and Roman
cities of the ancient Mediterranean world
 The Roman Empire then had a polytheistic religion
 Christianity was considered to be illegal and
Christians would be prosecuted this resulted them to
worship in secret.

3. Christians first worshipped along side Jews in synagogues and private
houses

5.  But due to the latter separation between the Jews
and Christians, they continued worshipping in
private houses of the wealthier Christians about
70CE

7. Dura-Europos
a border town on the banks of the Euphrates in what is today Syria. Here, during the
town's second and third century Roman period, altars to pagan gods, Jewish
synagogues, and perhaps the earliest Christian church all coexisted.

8. One guy changed it all

10. Emperor Constantine

11. Quick Background
 Emperor Constantine, also known as Constantine
the Great, was the Emperor of the Roman Empire
from 306-337 AD
 Son of Flavius Valerius Constantus, a roman army
officer who then became the deputy emperor in the
west.
 Rose and became military tribune under the
emperor Diocletian and Galerius

12.  Became senior western emperor
 Then acclaimed emperor by the city Eboracum after
his fathers death
 Becomes ruler of the west and east/ emperor after
defeating the emperors Maxenteius and Licinius

13.  In the 4th century , Emperor Constantine defeated,
rival, Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge.
Accounts of the battle describe how Constantine
saw a sign in the heavens portending his victory.
Eusebius, Constantine's principal biographer,
describes the sign as the Chi Rho, the first two
letters in the Greek spelling of the name Christos.
 After that victory Constantine became the principal
patron of Christianity.

15.  In 313 he issued the Edict of Milan which granted
religious toleration
 Christians were now free to worship publicly and
create worship spaces

16. Basilica

17.  Made first for public events: law courts, army drill
halls etc. (Civic Basilicas)
 All basilicas had a semicircular wall at the end which
is called an apse

18. Basilica Ulpia

19. Found in Trajan, Rome

20. Basilica of Maxentius and
Constantine

21. -Largest Building in the Roman forum

22.  Some Basilicas were then converted for the use of
the Christian Church

23. Palace Basilica of
Constantine
 Design as an Imperial hall then converted
 Became the official seat of the bishop of Rome then

26.  Attention was also directed in the fourth century
church to the veneration of spots associated with
Christian martyrs
 This type of building is called a martyrium

27. Church of the Nativity in
Bethlehem

28. The Rotunda of the
Anastasis

29. Old St. Peter’s Basilica
 It is believed to have built on the site of the burial of
St. Peter, the principal disciple of Christ and the first
Bishop of Rome
 The tomb of St. Peter was said to be in the apse of
the church
 Created the concept of a cross shape. The axes
allowed for the concentration of attention to be on
the tomb of Peter

31. Basillica of San Clemente,
Rome
 One Example of Basillicas that were built on top of
the houses where early Christians worshipped

32. the 10 parts of a Basilica

33. 1) Propylaeum
 the entrance building of a
sacred precinct, whether
church or imperial palace.
2) Atrium
 in early Christian,
Byzantine, and medieval
architecture, the forecourt
of a church; as a rule
enveloped by four
colonnaded porticoes.

34. 3) Narthex
 the entrance hall or porch
proceding the nave of a
church.
4) Nave
 the great central space in
a church. In longitudinal
churches, it extends from
the entrance to the apse
(or only to the crossing if
the church has one) and is
usually flanked by side
aisles.

35. 5) Side Aisle
 one of the corridors
running parallel to the
nave of a church and
separated from it by an
arcade or colonnade.
6) Crossing
 the area in a church where
the transept and the nave
intersect.

37. 7) Transept
 in a cruciform church, the
whole arm set at right angles to
the nave. Note that the
transept appears infrequently
in Early Christian churches.
Old St. Peter's is one of the
few example of a basilica with
a transept from this period. The
transept would not become a
standard component of the
Christian church until the
Carolingian period
8) Apse
 a recess, sometimes
rectangular but usually
semicircular, in the wall at the
end of a Roman basilica or
Christian church. The apse in
the Roman basilica frequently
contained an image of the
Emperor and was where the
magistrate dispensed laws. In
the Early Christian basilica, the
apses contained the "cathedra"
or throne of the bishop and the
altar.

38. 9) Nave elevation
 Term which refers to the
division of the nave wall
into various levels. In the
Early Christian basilica the
nave elevation usually is
composed of a nave
colonnade or arcade and
clerestory.
10) Clerestory
 a clear story, i.e. a row of
windows in the upper part
of a wall. In churches, the
clerestory windows above
the roofs of the side aisles
permit direct illumination
of the nave.

40. https://www.oneonta.edu/faculty/farberas/arth/arth212/Early_Christian_Basilica.html
http://chayacassano.commons.gc.cuny.edu
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kww4142_Bjw
http://www.earlychristianhistory.info/frac.html
http://webspace.webring.com/people/pa/auldkirk/2earlychristian.html