Romanesque art from the 11th to 12th centuries was strongly influenced by Roman architectural styles. Buildings like churches and monasteries featured thick stone walls, small windows, and rounded arches. Sculptures and paintings served to educate the illiterate population about Christianity, using symbolic figures and stories from the Bible. Art was found throughout church interiors and exteriors, especially on portals, altars, and column capitals.

1. Romanesque art 11 th - 12 th century

2. Why Romanesque? The art of the 11th and 12th century is called Romanesque because of its similarities to Roman art. Builders copied the structure of Roman basilicas and many other elements used by the Romans. ROMAN BASILICA

3. Main features Reflection of society: Christian art, linked to Christianity Subordination of sculpture and painting to architecture Use of symbols. Didactic (educational) purpose Works of art made by craftsmen: anonymous artists

4. Thick walls supported by buttresses Small and narrow windows. Little light inside. In religious buildings: dark interior to invite to prayer and meditation. Decoration with an educational purpose: sculptures and paintings were used to teach the Gospel and the devil´s temptations to the mainly illiterate people. Decoration appeared everywhere: portals, altars, capitals of columns, walls, crypts… One or two towers near the main entrance. ARCHITECTURE: Main features

5. ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS LATIN CROSS FLOOR PLAN ORIENTED TOWARDS EAST ORIENTED TOWARDS WEST CROSSING AISLE Cross section

6. ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS BARREL VAULT Round arch dome semidome Groin vault

7. Buttress/ counterfort pilaster columns

8. portal archivolts tympanum jamb jamb trumeau lintel

9. WHAT KIND OF BUILDINGS? Romanesque art was linked to feudal society. The buildings that survived are the ones built by the privileged: -Castles - Churches and cathedrals - Monasteries or abbeys. These buildings were built with stone . The buildings built with wood don´t remain. SAN MILLÁN CHURCH, SEGOVIA BODIAM CASTLE, U.K

10. Monasteries or abbeys San vittore fra sassi abbey, italy Senanque abbey, france

11. Tournai cathedral, belgium Churches and cathedrals Sainte foi de conques, france

12. San martín de frómista church, palencia Sainte madeleine of vézelay, france

13. Sant climent de tahüll, lleida Angouleme´s cathedral, france

14. Santiago de compostela cathedral Sainte madeleine de vézelay, france Saint sernin de toulouse, FRANCE

15. Fontenay abbey, france

16. Santo domingo de silos abbey, spain CLOISTERS

17. Pisa cathedral And leaning tower

18. SCULPTURE AND PAINTING: common features Educational and religious purpose: to teach illiterate people about Chistianity. Figures adapted to the space available. Changing size of figures depending on their importance: the most important ones, were represented as larger. Interest focused on expresionism. Artists didn´t care about realistic representations. Most common subjects: stories of the Bible, danger of sins, scenes of ordinary life EMAUS DISCIPLES, SANTO DOMINGO DE SILOS´ CLOISTERS, FARMING CALENDAR, SAN ISIDORO DE LEÓN COLLEGIATE CHURCH, SPAIN

19. sculpture Sculptures were painted in bright colours (not conserved today) Sculptures could be found in: the tympanums of the facades Capitals of the columns Cloisters of the monasteries Altars (normally images of Christ on the cross or Virgin Mary and Child) Saint thomas´doubt, Santo domingo de silos´cloisters

20. David beheading Goliath, Sainte Madeleine de Vézelay, france Deadly sins, Artous Abbey , France Capital, San Miguel de Almazán church, Spain

21. Christ in glory, tympanum of the western portal of sainte madeleine de vézelay, france

22. The last judgement, tympanum of sainte foi de conques, france

23. Pórtico de la gloria, western portal of santiago de compostela cathedral,

25. The last judgement

26. This work of art was sculpted in the 12th century and the statues are not so rigid and unrealistic than at the beginning. The Pórtico de la Gloria is a transition work of art to the Gothic style. Evangelists

27. Platerías portal, south door of santiago de compostela cathedral Temptation of Christ in the desert Passion of Christ

28. Three examples of Romanesque Christs on the Cross: hieratic, inexpressive, impassive, trascendent. These sculptures were made of wood.

29. Four examples of Romanesque enthroned Virgins with Child: hieratic, inexpressive, absent- minded, no relationship between mother and child. Made of wood.

30. PAINTINGS Location: inside the churches: apses, vaults, crypts,… Rigid and schematic human figures Figures outlined in black and painted in bright colours. No background landscapes. The holy figures appear inside an almond form called “mandorla” Christ in glory, sant climent de tahüll, lleida Mandorla

31. Santa maría de tahüll, lleida

32. Crypt of san isidoro de león collegiate church