Moisture is essential for life processes and most of the earth's water circulates as vapor within the atmosphere or below the surfaces of land and ocean. This circulation is called the hydrological cycle and is driven by solar energy through evaporation and precipitation. The amount and distribution of rainfall varies globally and influences what types of plants can grow in different regions, from hydrophytes that prefer wet conditions to xerophytes adapted to aridity. Water is critical for plant metabolic functions like photosynthesis, yet transpiration is the main process by which soil moisture and minerals are transported throughout plants.