Fruit dropping
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This document summarizes the causes and timing of fruit dropping in plants. It discusses several periods of fruit drop: post-bloom drops within weeks of bloom due to issues like inadequate pollination or stress; June drops of fruits around 1-3cm due to water stress or temperature; and pre-harvest drops of mature fruits prior to harvesting. Additional types mentioned include summer drops from increased ethylene in June/July and summer/fall drops in September/October linked to rain after dry spells. Causes of fruit dropping include biotic factors like insects and pathogens, environmental stresses, and mechanical actions. Prevention strategies involve practices like irrigation, growth regulators, and crop thinning.
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Fruit Drop its Causes and Measures to Control
Fruit drop is a premature shedding of fruits before harvesting for commercial purpose. There are so many reasons for fruit drop like internal (Hormonal balance, morphological and genetically) and external (biotic and abiotic) factors. Fruit drop is very much serious in some fruits like apple, peach, currant, mango, citrus etc. Fruit drop may occur at various stages of fruit growth, starting right from fruit setting till its harvesting. It may be natural, environmental or pest related. Losses due to fruit drop at various stages have long been a serious threat to the fruit growers. After determining the actual cause of fruit drop, adoption of a suitable control measure can bring relief to the growers. Among different drops, pre-harvest drop is of great economic importance which can cause serious crop loss to farmer.
References:
1. Fundamental of fruit production - K. Usha, Madhubala Thakre, Amit Kumar Goswami and Nayan Deepak, G
2. Fruit Drop Is Caused By - https://tipoftime.com/wp-content/uploads/uyqubb/fruit-drop-is-caused-by-ddb908
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Fruit Drop in Horticulture Crops.pptx
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2. Fruit Drop Is Caused By - https://tipoftime.com/wp-content/uploads/uyqubb/fruit-drop-is-caused-by-ddb908
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Fruit Drop in Horticulture Crops.pptx
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India is the second largest producer of fruits globally and fruit breeding research began in India in 1905 with the establishment of agricultural colleges. Several initiatives in the early 20th century helped boost fruit research. Fruit breeding is challenging due to long lifecycles, juvenile periods, heterozygosity, and other genetic factors of fruit crops. The objectives of fruit breeding are to develop varieties with high quality production, biotic/abiotic stress tolerance, and marketability. Fruit breeding plays an important role in developing improved varieties and meeting the needs of a growing population.
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Fruit trees naturally experience fruit drop at different stages of development to prevent overburdening of resources. Mango flowers contain thousands of flowers but only a few fruits are needed for a normal crop. Fruit drop occurs in three stages - first shortly after flowering when unpollinated or defective flowers drop, second around two weeks later when unfertilized and some fertilized flowers drop, and third when fruits reach a marble size. Fruit drop can be caused by mechanical, climatic, physiological, nutritional, cultural, pathological, and varietal factors. Proper cultural practices and plant growth regulators can help reduce fruit drop.
Postharvest diseases and disorders of mango
The document discusses several diseases that affect mangoes, including anthracnose, stem end rot, black mould rot, bacterial rot, and brown spot. It describes the symptoms of each disease, as well as management strategies like spraying copper-based fungicides, hot water treatment, and proper fruit handling. Other mango issues covered are clustering or jhumka, black tip, spongy tissue, and alternate bearing. Their causes and management are also outlined.
Phsiological disoresr in vegetables by MD. RAMAJN
This document summarizes common physiological disorders in various warm season vegetables. For tomatoes, it describes blossom end rot, blotchy ripening, puffiness, sunscald, and cracking; and provides causes and management strategies. For brinjal, it discusses fruit cracking and sunscald from tomatoes, as well as poor fruit set. It also summarizes disorders and their causes/management for chilli, sweet pepper, beans, okra, carrot, cucurbitaceous vegetables, sweet potato, and spinach.
Abiotic stress management in open field vegetables
India is the second largest producer of vegetables globally but has low vegetable productivity. Vegetables are important sources of nutrients. Abiotic stresses like temperature extremes negatively impact vegetable growth and yields. Integrated crop management strategies can help overcome abiotic stresses through the use of stress-tolerant varieties, organic farming, protected cultivation, and agronomic practices suited to different climates and vegetable types. Maintaining optimal temperatures, light, and soil conditions enhances vegetable productivity in open cultivation systems.
Unfruitfulness and Associated Factors of Friut Trees
The document discusses the causes of unfruitfulness, an important determinant of yield potential in orchards. It identifies external and internal factors, and focuses on external factors. These include environmental conditions like temperature and rainfall, disturbed water relations, nutrient supply issues, the impact of rootstocks, and effects of pruning, age, locality, pests and diseases. Good irrigation, fertilization, rootstock selection and pest management can help maximize fruit production and avoid unfruitfulness caused by external factors.
Selection of Fruit genotype for abiotic stress condition
Stress, its types, different rootstock of temperate fruits for stress condition, fruit species, stress induction mechanism
contact: dhota3@gmail.com
(HT-213) physiological disorder Of Tomato.pptx
Physiological disorders of tomato can occur due to adverse environmental conditions such as temperature, moisture, and nutrient deviations. Common disorders include fruit cracking, blossom end rot, sun scald, puffiness, cat face, and unfruitfulness. Fruit cracking occurs when mature fruits split radially or concentrically and is caused by irrigation after drought, pruning, boron deficiency, or genetics. Blossom end rot creates brown, sunken lesions and is linked to moisture stress or high nitrogen. Sun scald blisters exposed fruit skin from heat. Puffiness results in partially filled fruits from differential tissue growth due to temperature or moisture. Cat face creates ridges and indentations on the blossom end. Unfruitfulness is caused by
Alternate bearing in olive
Olive trees exhibit a phenomenon called biennial or alternate bearing where large crops are produced in "on" years followed by low or no crops in "off" years. This is influenced by both environmental and internal factors. Environmental factors like temperature, humidity, soil conditions and water stress can induce alternate bearing. Internally, fluctuations in hormones like gibberellins, ABA, IAA and cytokinins between "on" and "off" years also influence flowering and fruit set. Horticultural techniques such as pruning, irrigation, thinning, girdling and fertilization help balance vegetation and fruit load to reduce the impact of alternate bearing.
Seed germination problems
External factors like water, air, temperature, light, soil conditions and pathogenic organisms can impact seed germination. Internal factors include the seed's viability, dormancy, reserves and genetic makeup. Improper weed control can lead to weed seed contamination and competition that reduces germination rates. Mechanical mixtures during harvesting, threshing and handling, as well as natural crossing, can also cause genetic variations over time that impact germination. Strict protocols are needed during seed production to minimize these negative effects on germination.
20. Unfruitfullness: its Causes and Control measures pptx
Unfruitfulness refers to a plant's inability to flower, bear fruit, or carry fruits to maturity. It can be caused by internal factors like genetic incompatibility or abortion, or external factors like temperature, rainfall, nutrient levels, rootstocks, pruning, and locality. Temperature specifically can affect flowering, pollination, fruit set and development if it is too high or low for a plant's needs. Rainfall during flowering can wash away pollen and cause fruit drop. Nutrient levels that are too high or low can impact flowering and fruiting as well. Rootstocks and pruning practices can also influence a plant's fruitfulness.
Physiological Disordrs of horticulture crops
This document discusses various physiological disorders that can occur in fruit crops. It begins by defining physiological disorders as deviations from normal physiological processes in plants caused by adverse conditions, nutritional imbalances, or genetics. It then discusses several key points about physiological disorders: they can be caused by deficiencies or excesses; they can affect plants at all development stages; they are non-transmissible; and dealing with them means addressing past events. Several factors that can lead to physiological disorders are listed, along with examples of specific disorders in various fruits like mango, banana, citrus and grape. Management strategies for some of the disorders are also provided.
johnson, jennifer cedar apple rust
Cedar apple rust is a fungal disease caused by Gymnosporangium juniper-virginianae that affects apples and eastern redcedar trees. It has a complex 2-year life cycle involving both hosts. On apples, it causes leaf spots and fruit lesions, reducing yields. The fungus overwinters in galls on junipers and releases spores in spring that infect apple leaves. Later, other spore stages appear on apples and infect junipers, completing the cycle. Management strategies include removing juniper near orchards, using resistant apple varieties, and applying fungicides to both hosts. Breeding programs have developed hybrids with improved resistance, important for sustainable apple production.
Climatic change
Global climate change and increasing climatic variability are recently considered a huge concern worldwide due to enormous emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and its more apparent effect on fruit crops because of its perennial nature
Continution of Classification of Stress Caused in Plants.pptx
Flooding and temperature stresses are two major abiotic stresses that affect plant growth and productivity. Flooding stress occurs when plants are subjected to excess water, such as flash flooding or prolonged waterlogging. It can lead to oxygen deficiency, wilting, nutrient deficiencies or toxicities. Temperature stresses include high temperatures, which can damage seedling establishment, photosynthesis and reproduction, and low temperatures, which cause injuries like leaf lesions and stem cracking. Farmers can mitigate these stresses through drainage, shade, regulated irrigation, and application of hormones, osmoprotectants and other chemicals.
Almond physiological disorders A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan To FFS Trainees
Split and shattered pits in stone fruits like peaches are caused when pit hardening occurs close to final fruit swelling. This causes internal forces that can split the pit along the suture. Double or cleft fruits are determined the summer before when flower buds develop abnormally. Button fruits occur when fertilization is incomplete, causing poorly developed or dead embryos. Blind wood appears as nodes without buds and results from high summer temperatures. Delayed foliation in springs follows low-chill winters and results in uneven growth and excessive water sprouts. Freezing injury looks like glassy or translucent browning areas in fruit flesh. Internal chilling injuries cause flesh browning, mealiness, and low flavor.
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Fruit dropping
- 1. PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT DROPPING M.Kamaraj B.Sc Agriculture Annamalai university Tamilnadu.
- 2. Fruit drop is a detachment or separation of a fruit from a branch of a tree or a plant caused by the formation of a separation layer of cells on the fruit stalk due to series of physiological or biochemical events. Fruit drop
- 3. Fruit drops may be dived into three major periods of time: 1. Post bloom drops 2. June drops 3. Pre harvest drops Some fruits have additional period of drops: 1. Summer drop 2. Summer fall drop 3. Other fruit drop causes Types of fruit drop
- 4. Post bloom drops occurs within a few weeks of bloom involving the abscission of flowers and small fruits CAUSES Inadequate pollination Water or temperature stress Inadequate nitrogen levels Hormonal imbalance POSSIBLE SOLUTION Application of gibberellic spray reduce the post bloom fruit drop Post bloom fruit drops(pfd)
- 5. It occurrence in many fruit crops at june . when the size of many temperate fruits are 1-3 cm in diameter . CAUSES Water stress , hormone imbalance , competition among fruitless and high temperature POSSIBLE SOLUTION Regular overhead irrigation Use of growth regulator gibberllic acid (10-20ppm) and 2-4 D (10-16ppm) June drop
- 6. It occurs after the fruit have reached legal maturity but prior to harvest. CAUSES Abscission of mature aging and abscission. It becomes severe in particular situations Lac of water Over fertilization Excessive cropping POSSIBLE SOLUTION Crop thinning by growth regulators may reduce pre- harvest crop Pre harvest drop
- 7. It occurs during june and july when fruits are 5-6cm in diameter CAUSES Production of ethylene increases in this stage which leads to fruit abscission. Summer drop
- 8. It occurs from september to october as fruit near maturity CAUSES Heavy rain after dry weather Natural abscission Summer fall drop
- 9. A. INSECTS AND PATHOGENS fungicidal ,viral , bacterial diseases , purple scale , mealy bugs cause peel damage and produce which leads to fruit drop. B. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Low and high temperature , water stress at late season high velocity of wind C . MECHANICAL CAUSES Movement of equipment Other fruit drop causes
- 11. Thank you