The document discusses the hydrosphere and the hydrologic cycle. It can be summarized as: The hydrosphere refers to all water on Earth, including oceans, freshwater, ice, and water vapor in the atmosphere. Water is essential for life and exists in liquid form between 0-100 degrees Celsius. The hydrologic cycle is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth, including evaporation, transpiration by plants, condensation into clouds, precipitation, and runoff into lakes, rivers, and groundwater. This cycle is driven by energy from the sun and Earth's gravity.

1. Physical Science
Module 5
The Hydrosphere

2. Hydrosphere
 What is the Hydrosphere?
 The sum of all the water on the
planet
 Life cannot exist on any other planet but can
on earth because of what?
 Water

3. Water
 Water is only liquid in what range?
 Above 32 degrees Fahrenheit and below 212
Fahrenheit
 What two factors control the temperature of
our planet?
 The sun and the atmosphere

4. Facts to Memorize
 The vast majority of the earth’s water supply
is contained in the oceans as saltwater
 The vast majority of earth’s freshwater supply
is stored in icebergs and glaciers
 The largest source of liquid freshwater is
groundwater

5. The Hydrologic Cycle
 What is the Hydrologic Cycle?
 The process by which water is continuously
exchanged between earth’s various water
sources

7. Hydrologic Cycle
 Water gets into the atmosphere
predominately by Evaporation and
Transpiration
 Transpiration = Evaporation of water from
plants – water evaporating off its leaves
 Evaporation takes water out of the oceans,
lakes, rivers, and streams, while transpiration
takes water from the soil

8. Evaporation
 Evaporation: the
change of state in a
substance from a liquid
to a gas.
 For evaporation to take
place, energy is
required.
 The energy can come
from any source: the
sun, the atmosphere,
the earth, or objects on
the earth such as
humans.

9. Transpiration
 Transpiration is the evaporation of water from
plants through stomata.
 Stomata are small openings found on the
underside of leaves that are connected to
vascular plant tissues.
 In most plants, transpiration is a passive
process largely controlled by the humidity of
the atmosphere and the moisture content of
the soil.
 Transpiration depletes soil moisture

10. Transpiration

11. Soil Moisture
 Soil moisture can also be depleted when it
soaks down into the groundwater sources
and feeds into lakes, rivers, and streams by
the process known as what?
 Groundwater Flow

12.  Clouds form by what process?
 Condensation
 The process by which a gas turns into a liquid

13. Condensation

14. Other Condensation

15. Precipitation
 What is precipitation?
 Water falling from the atmosphere as rain,
snow, sleet, or hail
 What is surface runoff?
 When precipitation falls on land and
replenishes soil moisture OR it can run along
the surface of the land into an ocean, lake,
river, or stream

17. Let’s Review
 Precipitation can happen in what ways?
 What are the two ways water can return to
the sky?
 How are clouds formed?
 What is soil moisture?
 What is surface runoff?

19. Experiment 5.1
 Get out your Lab Report and a pencil
 Need two volunteers