Rock Types

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The document describes three main types of rocks: 1) Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies, either deep underground or at the surface. Examples are granite, basalt, and obsidian. 2) Sedimentary rocks form from compression of sediments and contain layers and fossils. Examples are limestone, sandstone, and shale. 3) Metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, and reaction with fluids. Examples are marble, slate, and gneiss.

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Types of Rocks Junhel C. Dalanon, DMD, MAT SNSCLC – Minglanilla Minglanilla, Cebu, Philippines 6046

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Core Subject: Earth and Life Science II. Earth Materials and Processes A. Minerals and Rocks The learners demonstrate an understanding of: 1. the three main categories of rocks 2. the origin and environment of formation of common minerals and rocks The learners: 1. identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties 2. classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

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Can you solve these questions please with clear explanation Describe the main difference between Kaolinite and Montmorillonite clay minerals Differentiate between Sedimentary, Igneous and metamorphic Rocks. Identify the main Transportation agents for the following types of soil. Wind Sea (salt water) Lake (fresh water) River\" Ice Solution Minerals-Montmorillonite Minerals-Kaolinite The main difference between Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks, is the way that they are formed, and their various textures. Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks are formed when magma (or molten rocks) cool down, and become solid. High temperatures inside the crust of the Earth cause rocks to melt, and this substance is known as magma. Magma is the molten material that erupts during a volcano. This substance cools down slowly, and causes mineralization to take place. Gradually, the size of the minerals increase until they are large enough to be visible to the naked eye. Igneous rocks are mostly formed beneath the Earth’s surface. The texture of Igneous rocks can be referred to as Phaneritic, Aphaneritic, Glassy (or vitreous), Pyroclastic or Pegmatitic. Examples of Igneous Rocks include granite, basalt and diorite. Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are usually formed by sedimentation of the Earth’s material, and this normally occurs inside water bodies. The Earth’s material is constantly exposed to erosion and weathering, and the resulting accumulated loose particles eventually settle, and form Sedimentary rocks. Therefore, one can say, that these types of rocks are formed slowly from the sediments, dust and dirt of other rocks. Erosion takes place due to wind and water. After thousands of years, the eroded pieces of sand and rock settle, and become compacted to form a rock of their own. Sedimentary rocks range from small clay-size rocks to huge boulder-size rocks. The textures of Sedimentary rocks are mainly dependent on the parameters of the clast, or the fragments of the original rock. These parameters can be of various types, such as surface texture, round, spherical or in the form of grain. The most common type of Sedimentary rock is the Conglomerate, which is caused by the accumulation of small pebbles and cobbles. Other types include shale, sandstone and limestone, which is formed from clastic rocks and the deposition of fossils and minerals. Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are the result of the transformation of other rocks. Rocks that are subjected to intense heat and pressure change their original shape and form, and become Metamorphic rocks. This change in shape is referred to as metamorphism. These rocks are commonly formed by the partial melting of minerals, and re-crystallization. Gneiss is a commonly found Metamorphic rock, and it is formed by high pressure, and the partial melting of the minerals contained in the original rock. Metamorphic rocks have textures like slaty, schistose, gneissose, granoblastic or hornfelsic. Examples of these types .

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Explore Student Journal: The Rock Cycle locks on Earth can be classified into three categories based on the way they were formed. laneous rocks are formed through voicanic action. Sedimentary ocks are formed by deposition. Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks undergo a change due to extreme heat and pressure. Rocks that have a volcanic origin are classified as igneous and form when magma or lava cools and hardens. As the magma or lava cooks, crystals begin to form. The size of the crystals depends upon how fast the magma or lava cools. If magna cools quickly, small crystals form and can be observed on the rock surface such as in basalt, for example. Lava can cool so quickly that crystals do not have time to form at all, such as with obsidian. If magma cools sloniy. larger erystals fom and can easily be seen on the surface of rock specinens. A common example of igneous rock that exhibits large erystal formation is: granite. When Earth's materials are deposited in layers and pressed together over thee, sedimentary rocks form. The formation of sedimentary rock begins with the deposition of sediments. As layers are added, the oldest or lower layers that were deposited first experience increased pressure. The sediments and the spaces between them are crushed together in a process called compoction. During the cementation process, the sediments are bound togethor when a solution fils in around the particles tike glue. If the sediments deposited are sand particles such as in a beoch environment, sandstone forms. If the sediments are fine sit or day-sized particles, commonly called "rnud," such as those found in basins wodldwide, shaie forms, Limestone typically forms from shells and other sediments deposited in ocean envirenments. A quiet and undisturbed environment will sometimes lead to fossi formation within the layers of endimentary deposition. Metamorphic rock lorms when one type of rock changes into another due to exposure to hest and pressure often caused by movement of material deco beneath Eaths suffece. This change to rock appearance and composition takes an extrenely long time. Metamorphic rocks are often character ixed by wavy layers of mineral crystals or by the presence of unuwal minerals. Any rodk can become a metarnorphle rock. For example, the sed mentary rock ihale forms from layers of depositeds sit. When exposed to high pressure due to geologic processes, the netamorphic rock siate forms. The sedinentary rock sandstone chamses to quatzite when exposed to extreme beat and possure beneath Eartit's surface. Another example of a metamoephic rock is marble which forms when limestone is exposed to extreme temperatures or presure leneous basal changes to sehist in the metamorphic process. The interesting thing about the metamorphic pocess is that any rodk-igneous, metamorphik, or sedinentiry-will change and form new metaniorphic rock given enovgh time. he.M, and/or pretsure. The rock cycle Alwstrates how rocks move on and un.

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