The document outlines a 15-step roadmap for distribution companies in South Asia to reduce losses through initiatives like conducting consumer surveys, reviewing meter ratings, introducing smart meters and data systems, digitizing network assets, optimizing networks through actions like phase balancing and DTR sizing, conducting energy audits, and adopting IT systems. The applicable elements may vary between companies based on their current loss levels and needs, and ongoing adoption of the practices is needed for sustainability.
In analyzing the problems in South Sulawesi transmission system, simulations of PSCAD / EMTDC [5-6] and PWS (Power World Simulator) [7] software were used to simulate changes in electrical current and voltage during a disturbance.
-Single phase to Ground,
-Line to Fault Line,
-Double Line to Ground
-Three phase Short Circuit
In analyzing the problems in South Sulawesi transmission system, simulations of PSCAD / EMTDC [5-6] and PWS (Power World Simulator) [7] software were used to simulate changes in electrical current and voltage during a disturbance.
-Single phase to Ground,
-Line to Fault Line,
-Double Line to Ground
-Three phase Short Circuit
About Transmission Line.
Transmission Lines
Classification Of Transmission Lines
Overhead Power Line
Advantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Disadvantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Nominal “T” Method
Nominal “Pi” Model of a Medium Transmission Line
Underground Transmission Lines
Classification Of Underground Cables
Advantages Of Underground Cables
Disadvantages Of Underground Cables
NPTI 15th batch Indian electricity grid code (IEGC)Ravi Pohani
from state to regional to national grid and now towards area grid again for better controllability of power flow.
it encompasses operation code, metering code, dispatch code, etc.
Generation and transmission of electric energy – voltage stress –
testing voltages-AC to DC conversion – rectifier circuits – cascaded
circuits – voltage multiplier circuits – Cockroft-Walton circuits –
voltage regulation – ripple factor – Van de-Graaff generator.
Infinite bus bar is one which keeps constant voltage and frequency although the load varies. Thus it may behave like a voltage source with zero internal impedance and infinite rotational inertia.
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About Transmission Line.
Transmission Lines
Classification Of Transmission Lines
Overhead Power Line
Advantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Disadvantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Nominal “T” Method
Nominal “Pi” Model of a Medium Transmission Line
Underground Transmission Lines
Classification Of Underground Cables
Advantages Of Underground Cables
Disadvantages Of Underground Cables
NPTI 15th batch Indian electricity grid code (IEGC)Ravi Pohani
from state to regional to national grid and now towards area grid again for better controllability of power flow.
it encompasses operation code, metering code, dispatch code, etc.
Generation and transmission of electric energy – voltage stress –
testing voltages-AC to DC conversion – rectifier circuits – cascaded
circuits – voltage multiplier circuits – Cockroft-Walton circuits –
voltage regulation – ripple factor – Van de-Graaff generator.
Infinite bus bar is one which keeps constant voltage and frequency although the load varies. Thus it may behave like a voltage source with zero internal impedance and infinite rotational inertia.
Mitsubishi electric energy saving data collection server eco webserveriiiDien Ha The
Mitsubishi ,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện Mitsubishi , Catalog Thiết Bị Điện
Catalog Phụ Kiện Mitsubishi , Catalog Phụ Kiện,
Catalog Mitsubishi , Catalog,
https://www.dienhathe.com,
Chi tiết các sản phẩm khác của Mitsubishi tại https://dienhathe.com
Xem thêm các Catalog khác của Mitsubishi tại https://dienhathe.info
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm Mitsubishi vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
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[Oil & Gas White Paper] Optimizing Pipeline Energy ConsumptionSchneider Electric
Effective energy management can benefit the hydrocarbon pipeline operator. Energy consumption costs – the leading expense for most operators – are rising continuously; however, the commitments needed on the part of the operator often impede implementation of energy-saving practices.
Key to effective energy management is the ability to quantify energy consumption accurately at any specific time and its cost and that of drag reducing agent (DR) use. Operators committed to energy management can implement a real-time, system-wide power optimization solution that evaluates the resource efficiency of a steady-state model of the pipeline. This solution will also perform costing runs of alternative configurations, formulated for the next energy cost rate or other ‘what if’ scenarios, in order to find the most energy-efficient alternative that maintains operational safety and integrity. Implementing these alternatives, the operator can save one percent to five percent of energy costs and reduce carbon emissions.
This advanced information management technology makes these costing considerations so practical they can become a routine, real-time operations process. Putting available information to work with this solution can make power optimization extremely realistic and highly rewarding for the company while supporting overall operational security, safety and environmental stewardship.
"Next Gen Grid Tech Commercialization" for Duke University Energy Initiative ...Josh Gould
Guest lecture on "Next Gen Grid Tech Commercialization" for Duke University Energy Initiative graduate level course entitled: “Emerging Energy Technologies – From Lab to Market.” (790-01)
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. DISTRIBUTION LOSS REDUCTION..
A STEP BY STEP APPROACH..
Many distribution companies in south Asian region are going
through a reform process, given emerging regulatory and
competitive environment, adopting IT enabled energy and
revenue management practices, for loss reduction. A step by step
roadmap is presented as follows:
1. Initiating a comprehensive consumer load and meter survey,
followed by consumer indexing and digitization of consumer data
and revenue records.
2. Review of consumer meter ratings as relevant, for latest
connected loads, and introduction of pre paid meters for high
value consumers to begin with and full coverage eventually.
3. Introducing kVAh billing for consumers for better reactive power
management..
4. Introducing smart energy meters and meter data access system at
11 kV feeders and sub stations, to enable proper energy
accounting, and reconciliation.
3. DISTRIBUTION LOSS REDUCTION..
A STEP BY STEP APPROACH (..CONTD.)
5. Reporting, recognizing and rewarding reliability and loss
reduction among revenue divisions or at substation level on one
hand and energy efficiency initiatives among consumers on the
other.
6. Digitization and GIS mapping of network assets and revenues.
7. Phase balancing in network and DTR location review with respect
to load centers, to reduce LT line length and HT LT ratio
improvement.
8. Introducing and standardizing DTR sizes to 100 kVA max, to
reduce Ltline lengths and corresponding losses.
9. Introducing 5 star labelled DTRs in procurement standards.
10. Initiating an effective DTR Management program with guidelines
for procurements, locations, sizing, rewinding management, LT
line length minimization, meter and capacitor incorporation,
introducing AMR based energy meters at DTR level and
reconciling energy at DTR level,
11. Introducing fixed as well as switched LT capacitors at DTR level.
12. Feeder augmentation as warranted, based on network analysis.
4. DISTRIBUTION LOSS REDUCTION..
A STEP BY STEP APPROACH .
13. Initiation of energy audit of all high value consumers of Discom as
a routine and documenting consumption trends, norms,
benchmarking.
14. Energy accounting and loss reconciliation, reliability reporting ,
trending and benchmarking key performance indicators, once the
above steps are implemented .
15. Adoption of IT enabled customer relations management
practices and a suitable enterprise wide resource planning
system.
The applicable elements of roadmap may vary from Discom to
Discom based on current level of losses and needs assessed.
Rather than as a one time exercise, the adoption of loss
reduction and good practices would need to be internalized for
sustainability of Discoms,
5. KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS:
SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) – a system index of average
duration of interruption in the power supply indicated in minutes per customer.
SAIDI = total duration of interruptions for a group of customers
Number of all customers
SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) – a system index of
average frequency of interruptions in power supply
SAIFI = total number of interruptions for a group of customers
Number of all customers
ACS : Average Cost of Supply
ARR : Average Revenue Realization
ATC Losses: Aggregate Technical and Commercial Losses
6. • Network Analysis Modules: These enable DIscoms to perform actions for network
optimization and loss reduction through avenues like:
o Segregation of Commercial and Technical losses
o Integration with New connection module for checking the network capability,
augmentation requirement on upstream side
o Load flow and voltage drop analysis,
o Optimization studies like capacitor placement, network reconfiguration,
conductor up-gradation, express feeder, load balancing/ reallocation etc.
o Fault analysis and protection coordination
o Assessment of requirement of primary substations to meet load growth at min.
cost.
o Determine economic and break-even loading limit of conductors/cables.
o Optimum DT (new or augmentation) over a selected regions or nodes.
o Network design reports, cost estimates, financial analysis,
o Creating extensive “what-if” studies.