The islamic caliphate
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The Umayyad Caliphate established the first Islamic empire in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal) following the Islamic conquest of Hispania in the early 8th century. The empire derived power from uniting the Muslim community and allowing extensive conquest and taxation of non-Muslims. Islam played an important role in establishing the caliphate and uniting the Muslim community. The empire had a significant impact through establishing trade routes and cultural/intellectual centers.
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1) The Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570 CE and was orphaned at a young age.
2) He later worked as a merchant and married a wealthy widow named Khadija, with whom he had several children.
3) At age 40, Muhammad began receiving divine revelations from God through the archangel Gabriel, marking the beginning of his prophetic career and the establishment of Islam.
4) He faced opposition from the leading tribes of Mecca, which led him to migrate to Medina in 622 CE, an event known as the Hijra.
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Caliphate in islam (ppp)
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of a caliph in Islam. It explains that a caliph acts as a successor or vicegerent to the Prophet Muhammad and is elected democratically by the people. The caliph's role is to judiciously rule over people according to Islamic law and serve the interests of the community. The four caliphs that succeeded the Prophet - Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali - are held up as exemplary models. The caliph is meant to uphold justice, avoid oppression, and can be removed if failing to perform duties competently and justly.
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Mayan powerpoint
The Mayans lived in Central America south of Mexico between 5,000 years ago and the present. Their language was Mayan, though now most speak Spanish. The Mayan civilization had a complex social hierarchy and government led by priests and rulers. They built temples and structures from local resources like mud and wood. Daily life involved gender-specific roles where men farmed and hunted while women cooked and cared for the home.
Mayan Power Point!
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Islamic Civilization
After the death of Muhammad, Islam spread across parts of three continents as Muslim empires expanded. During the 700s and 800s, the Islamic world experienced a golden age of peace and prosperity. The early Muslim caliphs successfully united the Muslims and conquered territories through military campaigns, spreading Islam across regions of the Byzantine Empire, Persia, the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, Sicily, India, and Southeast Asia. Islamic scholars developed sharia law to help interpret the Quran and apply it to daily life, regulating various social and political aspects. The Islamic civilization made significant achievements in arts, literature, mathematics, science, and economic areas like trade and manufacturing during its golden age.
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The document summarizes developments in medieval Europe from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD to the late Middle Ages in the 1400s. It describes how Christianity spread throughout Europe, the rise and fall of empires like Charlemagne's, the development of feudalism and manorialism, the growth of trade and cities, the formation of kingdoms like England, and events like the Crusades and Black Death pandemic. Key institutions that shaped medieval Europe included the Catholic Church and feudal political structures.
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The islamic caliphate
- 1. Umayyad Spain The Islamic Caliphate
- 2. How did your empire or group derive their power? • The Muslim Ummah (community) unified them together and allowed them to conquer many territories. They would make conquered non-Muslims pay taxes and tributes. • Jizya tribute-tax on male non-muslims in exchange for protection against outside aggressors.
- 3. What belief system or religion played a role in their culture and possible need for conquest? • Islam played a very important role that created the caliphate position itself. • The Caliphate was the first system of government established in Islam and represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah(community)
- 4. How did their empire impact trade? • The early Islamic Empire had the highest literacy rates among pre-modern societies alongside Athens. • Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean. • There was a dense network of trade routes in the Mediterranean, along which Muslim countries traded with each other and with European powers such as Venice.
- 5. What technologies were used or created by this empire/group? • Minaret: The minaret is a distinctive architectural feature of Islamic architecture, especially mosques, dating back to the early centuries of Islam. • Coffee-The earliest credible evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree appears in the middle of the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of the Yemen in southern Arabia. It was in Yemen that coffee beans were first roasted and brewed. • Ziriyab started a beauty institute in Spain between the 8th and 9th century.
- 6. What was the cultural impact of this empire/group? • Córdoba was the intellectual Centre of al-Andalus, with translations of ancient Greek texts to Arabic, Latin and Hebrew. Appreciable advances in science, history, geography, philosophy and grammar occurred during the Caliphate. • The Caliphate of Cordoba Abd-ar-Rahman III in Spain had a good diplomatic relation with the Berbers in North Africa, the Christians kings in France, and Constantinople. • In Umayyad Spain, a distinctive Islamic culture combining roman, Germanic and Jewish traditions with those of the Arabs was created. The interior of the Mezquita (Mosque), one of the finest examples of Ummayad Islamic architecture in Spain.
- 7. How did they rule their conquered people; tribute system; how much autonomy; etc. • The Muslims treated conquered converts as equals. But the conquered people that were non-Muslims were treated as second-class citizens. • Nevertheless the Muslims treated all conquered people with tolerance, kindness, and respect.
- 8. The Three most important contributions. • The Islamic Caliphate was united by the Ummah(community) • Islam was the primary religion practiced by the caliphs(successors of Muhammad). • There was a dense network of trade routes in the Mediterranean, along which Muslim countries traded with each other and with European powers such as Venice. • By Vegito.