Here are three news articles about the conflict in Egypt:
1. The New York Times provides background on the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, including its origins and role in Egyptian politics.
2. The BBC gives an overview of the overthrow of President Morsi by the military and the crackdown on Brotherhood supporters.
3. The New York Post reports on new protests against the military-backed interim government and its violent response, deepening unrest in Egypt.
Together these articles provide useful context on the ongoing power struggle in Egypt between the Muslim Brotherhood and the military-led government.
This is a PowerPoint presentation on the topic The Umayyad Dynasty. In this ppt I have written all basic information about Umayyad Dynasty and I hope so that you all will like this presentation and my all those efforts that I put to make it.
Thankyou so much!
This is a PowerPoint presentation on the topic The Umayyad Dynasty. In this ppt I have written all basic information about Umayyad Dynasty and I hope so that you all will like this presentation and my all those efforts that I put to make it.
Thankyou so much!
Caliphate is a glorious past of Muslims, all over the world. Muslim community always needs a rightly guided caliphate. So it's my simple work to remember Our glorious History of caliphate and how we lose that.
Caliphate basically means, a state of entire Muslim nation, which is recognized by the Islam. It doesn’t mean only for Muslim, but also non-Muslims can also have citizenship of the Caliphate. It is the symbol of spiritual, political, economical and military unity.
There was many other empire claimed to be the Caliphate, but this three empire was well recognized by the entire Muslim nation, though they didn’t control over entire Muslim nation all along.
Golden age of islamic civiliation covering the perirod between the mid-8th century lasting until the Mongol conquest of Baghdad in 1258
Subtopics:
Introduction
Discussion of viewpoints
Catalysts for success
Contributions to mathematics
Contributions to mathematics
Contributions of the golden age to science and medicine
Philosophy and translation
Trade and commerce
The decline of the Islamic civilization
Caliphate is a glorious past of Muslims, all over the world. Muslim community always needs a rightly guided caliphate. So it's my simple work to remember Our glorious History of caliphate and how we lose that.
Caliphate basically means, a state of entire Muslim nation, which is recognized by the Islam. It doesn’t mean only for Muslim, but also non-Muslims can also have citizenship of the Caliphate. It is the symbol of spiritual, political, economical and military unity.
There was many other empire claimed to be the Caliphate, but this three empire was well recognized by the entire Muslim nation, though they didn’t control over entire Muslim nation all along.
Golden age of islamic civiliation covering the perirod between the mid-8th century lasting until the Mongol conquest of Baghdad in 1258
Subtopics:
Introduction
Discussion of viewpoints
Catalysts for success
Contributions to mathematics
Contributions to mathematics
Contributions of the golden age to science and medicine
Philosophy and translation
Trade and commerce
The decline of the Islamic civilization
Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa Lecture # 7Islam .docxvrickens
Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa
Lecture # 7
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Islam Today: DemographicsThere are an estimated 1.2 billion Muslims worldwideApproximately 1/5th of the world's population Growth without missionary effortsWhere Do Muslims Live?Only 18% of Muslims live in the Arab world 20% are found in Sub-Saharan Africa 30% in the South Asian region of Pakistan, India and BangladeshThe world's largest single Muslim community is in Indonesia The Top 9: 1) Indonesia, 2) Pakistan, 3) Bangladesh, 4) India, 5) Turkey, 6) Iran, 7) Egypt, 8) Nigeria, and 9) China
Two Main Braches of IslamThere are two main branches of Islam today
Sunni recognize the male heirs of the first 4 elected (according to Muhammad's instruction) caliphs (or spiritual heads) after Muhammad’s death
Shiite recognize the decedents of only the 4th caliphs—Ali (M’s son-in-law & cousin), the only true descendent of Muhammad
In all other ways Sunni and Shiite are very similar
African Civilizations
and the Spread of Islam
What is the geography of Africa?
How might this geography impact Africans?
African Regions
Pre-Islamic AfricaExtremely diverse societies developedPolitical unity was difficult because of terrainBantu: primary language spokenOral traditions; very few written recordsMost communities are preliterate (lacking writing system)Animistic and polytheistic religionsPower of natural forces; ritual and worshipDancing, drumming, divination, and sacrificeWitchcraft; cosmologyAncestors are called uponEconomies vary by regionN. Africa: Islamic trade routes and Mediterranean tradeSub-Saharan: agriculture; ironworking; tribes and herdersAfricans exchanged abundant raw materials (esp. salt) for manufactured goods
Geography of Africa
Africa’s geography was very diverse
& Africans were lived differently based on where
they lived
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Geography of Africa
The Sahara is the world’s largest desert
& acted as a barrier to separate North Africa from sub-Saharan Africa
Early Societies of Africa
By 750, North Africans were part of the Islamic Empire, converted to Islam, & shared Arabic culture
Early societies of North Africa were influenced by Mediterranean cultures such as the Phoenicians & Romans
Early Societies of Africa
African societies south of the Sahara were isolated & missed out on the cultural diffusion of the Classical Era
Influence of Islam in Africa640-700: Muslims moved west from Arabia across N. Africa to spread IslamRapid conversions by Berbers (Saharan nomads)Spreads along pre-existing caravan routesMaghreb: NW Africa (W of Egypt); Islamized11th-12th centuries: Almoravids and Almohads (ultra-conservative Muslim Berbers) grow in powerReformers: launch jihad (war to spread and protect faith) against “lax” MuslimsAlmohads defeat Almoravids Almohad Caliphate: 1121-1269These groups are essential to the spread of Islam throughout Africa.Why is Islam attractive?Egalitarian; reinforced kings’ authority; equal footing politically/religiously/economica ...
1. Recap
Arab land- dry deserts, oases, mountainous regions
Two groups of people- Bedouin (nomads), and settlers
(settled near oases)
Before Islam- most Arabs were pagans (many gods)
2. Recap
610- Muhammad is said to receive revelations from
angel Gabriel Qur’an, hadith, and sharia law
established also Five Pillars of faith
Muhammad dies- division over who will become
caliph Ali supporters (Shi’i) and Umayyad
supporters (Sunni)
Umayyad wins- Islam spreads and empire grows
Umayyad power declines
Approx 760- Abbasids take power
4. Abbasids Gain Control
Caliph= head of state/ruler
Power of Umayyads declined & Abbasids took control
762- moved the capital from Damascus, Syria, to Bagdad,
Iraq
Abbasid caliphs famous courts designed to impress
Finest clothes
Jewels
Armoured soldiers
Learned advisors
Palaces
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Abbasids and War
Always either at war or getting ready for war used
spread of Islam as an excuse to wage war
Used spread of Islam as an excuse to wage war
Divided the world in two
Land of Islam
Land of War
11. Life and Society
8th century- Islamic world became multicultural
society
Allowed, but could not conflict with Islam
Islam had a powerful influence Music, art, architecture
For example, artists were not allowed to depict realistic
figures
Beautiful patterns, designs, and written script
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. The City (continued)
Many cities were surrounded by walls for protection
Poor- lived near walls
Rich- lived in palaces with gardens
Arab cities bustled with activity: marketplaces,
workshops, universities
Scholars- studied medicine and science, translated
ancient books
Ibn Sina- famous Arab scholar physician,
philosopher, astronomer, poet
Wrote- Canon of Medicine, described anesthesia
24. Arab Society
Arab ruler and rich merchants
supported the arts cities were
cosmopolitan
Arab civilization- refined and wealthy
Silks, fine glassware, paper, jewellery,
carpets, perfumed soaps, brass, silver, gold
25. The Countryside
Contrasted cosmopolitan life of Arab cities
People lived with extended family
pastured flocks, grew crops, used wells owned by clans
Lived in houses of plastered mud brick
Ate simple foods
Men owned almost all of the property
Village life= slow moving and regular
Separated from outside world
26.
27. Status of Women
Women in Muhammad’s time- had rights
Muhammad’s wife= business woman
Women prayed, taught, worked, fought
Abbasid women- few rights
Few rights
Could not take part in government
28. Status of Women
Women- still economically important
Working class- contributed through labour
Wealthy class- lived in a harem
Outdoors- physically covered and accompanied by a
male guardian
Divorce
Easy to achieve for men, difficult for women
Polygamy
Men- up to 4 wives
Women- 1 husband
29. Government
Caliphs- in theory, had supreme control, but ruling
was difficult
Some Muslims did not accept Umayyd and Abbasid
caliphs Shi’i (Ali supporters)
Rival families
Assassinations and rebellions were common
Ulama- learned, pious men advised caliph
30. Government
Government-
Prime minister/wazir- in charge of all government
officials
Districts- governors
Cities- council
31. Islamic Arab Empire
Changes
9th century- Islamic Arab Empire grew too large to be
ruled by the caliph
Local rulers across the empire became powerful enough
to defy the caliph
Separate kingdoms established- Spain, Morocco, and
eastern provinces sometimes attacked by Caliph’s
forces
Aided by Turkish, African, and European slave soldiers
