Retail Management Notes, Basics of Retail Management, Classification of Retailers, Types of Retailers, Scope of Retailing, Functions of Retailers, Role of Retailers in Distribution Channel, Indian retailscape, organized and Unorganized Retailers,
Retail Image refers to how a retailer is perceived by customers and others.To succeed, a retailer must communicate a distinctive, clear, and consistent image.
This presentation gives an overview about the concept of Category Management in Retail. It covers topic such as Visual Merchandising, Planogram, CM in Grocery Store vs Apparel Store
Retail Management Notes, Basics of Retail Management, Classification of Retailers, Types of Retailers, Scope of Retailing, Functions of Retailers, Role of Retailers in Distribution Channel, Indian retailscape, organized and Unorganized Retailers,
Retail Image refers to how a retailer is perceived by customers and others.To succeed, a retailer must communicate a distinctive, clear, and consistent image.
This presentation gives an overview about the concept of Category Management in Retail. It covers topic such as Visual Merchandising, Planogram, CM in Grocery Store vs Apparel Store
The retail strategic planning process starts with the identification of store's mission for its existence and hence the scope of the retail store. The mission of a store entails identifying the goods and services that will be offered to customers
Retail Store Design, Functions/ Responsibilities of Store Manager, Retail Store Objectives, Principles of Retail Store Design, Types of Layout, Signage and Graphics, Feature Areas, Space Management, Tools used for positioning of items
The retail strategic planning process starts with the identification of store's mission for its existence and hence the scope of the retail store. The mission of a store entails identifying the goods and services that will be offered to customers
Retail Store Design, Functions/ Responsibilities of Store Manager, Retail Store Objectives, Principles of Retail Store Design, Types of Layout, Signage and Graphics, Feature Areas, Space Management, Tools used for positioning of items
Marketing: A presentation on the trends observed in the Indian organized retail sector over the years and how it has helped in the economic growth in India.
Managing the merchandise and retail marketingSanjay Jana
these are very useful slides related to retail marketing and merchandise management. it helped me a lot in understanding the changing scenario of the consumers from unorganized retailing to organized retailing.
Retailing is the act of selling products or services to people for their personal, non business use. A retailer is a business that specializes in the act of retailing primarily.
Retailing includes all the activities involved in selling goods or services directly to final customers for their personal, non business use. A retailer is any business enterprise whose sales volume comes primarily from retailing.
presentation on channel design "Marketing"Sanower Azad
WHAT IS CHANNEL DESIGN??
Designing a channel system calls for analyzing customer needs, establishing channel objectives, and identifying and evaluating the major channel alternatives.
Theories of retailing, theories of retail development,
Retail Life Cycle, Environmental Theory, Cyclical Theory - Wheel of retailing, phases of retail development, Accordion theory
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
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2. EVOLUTION OF RETAIL FORMATS
SOME FACTS
The first department stores “Bon
Marche” was set up in 1852 in Paris
Bon Marche revolutionized retail at time
by relying on volume rather than on high
mark up.
Success of Bon Marche led to other
department stores coming up
in Europe and America
3. EVOLUTION OF RETAIL FORMATS
Some Facts…..
The first chain store was
A&P (Atlantic & Pacific)-a grocery
store founded in 1859 by George F
Gilman
The world witnessed the new form of
retail when Montgomery Ward
launched the first mail order
catalogue in 1870
Another important chain store was F
W Woolworth, set up in 1879
4. EVOLUTION OF RETAIL FORMATS
Emergence of Self service
Retail evolved in many ways over the twentieth
century
Self service as a concept started in 1916 when
Clarence Saunders started their first self-service store
“Piggly Wiggly” in Memphis, Tennessee
The concept of self-service helped the retailer reduce
costs, as fewer workers were required to service the
customers
5. EVOLUTION OF RETAIL FORMATS
Supermarkets
1930’s saw the emergence of supermarkets
The first hypermarket that as developed was Carrefour in France, in
1963
New formats gave an opportunity to pick up products, compare with
others and then taking a decision of buying
Providing all information regarding price, weight, date of manufacture
and expiry on the product itself became necessary to aid decision
making
6. EVOLUTION OF RETAIL FORMATS
Supermarkets and Hypermarkets…
The mass merchandisers worked on three
principles, which have now become the fundamental
principles of modern selling
1. They fixed product prices before sale, and
customers bought at the set prices
2. Prices were determined on the basis of stock turns
and the amount of profit that would be generated
from the product
3. They departmentalized the products. Accounting
systems were devised to determine the contribution
of various departments. This enabled them to drop
unprofitable goods
7. EVOLUTION OF RETAIL FORMATS
Specialty Stores, Malls and Other Formats
The needs of the customers grew and changed
This ensured the emergence of commodity
specialized mass merchandisers in 1970s
Seventies also saw the use of technology by way
of introduction of the “barcode”
Specialty chains developed I the 1980s as did the
large shopping malls
Shopping malls were created o provide for all of
he consumer’s needs in a single self contained
shopping area
8. EVOLUTION OF RETAIL FORMATS
Rise of the Web
The world of retail changed yet again when in 1995, Amazon. Com
opened its doors to a world wide market on the web
Evolution of retail formats worldwide has been largely influenced by a
constantly changing social and economic landscape
One of the main reasons for new formats emerging is the consumer
himself
Today's consumer is more demanding and is focused on what he wants
Retailer on the other hand has been influenced by availability of real
estate and its increasing prices
He is faced with the challenge of adding on new services and the need
for differentiation
This has led to specialization and the emergence of specialists
Supply chain complexities and increasing pressure on margins has also
forced the retailers to look at new formats
9. THEORIES OF RETAIL
DEVELOPMENT
These theories revolve around:
• Importance of competitive pressures
• The investments in organizational capabilities and
• Creation of a sustainable competitive advantage.
These are developed to explain the process of retail development:
1. Environmental Theory
2. Cyclical Theory
3. Conflictual Theory
11. CYCLICAL THEORY
Mature retailer
Top Heavy
Conservative
Declining ROI
Innovative retailer
Low status and price
Minimum service
Poor facilities
Limited product offering
Traditional retailer
Elaborate facilities
Higher rent
More locations
Higher prices
Extended product offerings
VulnerabilityPhase
EntryPhase
Trading up Phase
A. Wheel of Retailing- described by McNair
13. CONFLICTUAL THEORY
Department Stores Individual retailers
Hypermarkets and
Supermarkets
Anti-thesis Thesis
Synthesis
Retailing evolves through blending of two opposites to create
a new format.
15. Classification of retail stores
Store-Based Retailing Non-Store Retailing
Form of Ownership
• Independent retailer
• Chain Retailer
• Franchise
• Leased Departments
• Vertical Marketing System
• Consumer Cooperatives
Merchandise Offered
• Convenience Store
• Supermarkets
• Hypermarkets
• Specialty Stores
• Department Stores
• Off Price Retailers
• Full line discount store
• Warehouse store
• Variety Store
• Factory Outlets
• Catalogue Showrooms
• Membership Club
• Flea Market
• Direct Selling
• Direct Marketing
• Automated Vending
• World Wide Web
• Other Emerging Retail
• formats
Based on Location
•High Street
•Destination
•Convenience
16. STORE FORMAT BY LOCATION
1. High Street Format
It is Located in busy shopping area.
Area is less than 2000 square feet.
No parking facility
Focused Merchandised Category
Example: M. G. Road in Bangalore
17. 2.DESTINATION FORMAT
Huge Parking space
Wide merchandise category
They are Independent retail store with
alluring proposition for the customer to
visit the store with the primary intention
of shopping there
18. 3. CONVENIENCE STORE
Located in the catchment area of target
customers
Extended hours of operation
Less than 5000 square feet
24X7 convenience stores situated close to
homes to generate high footprints
snacks, grocery type items & confectionary
Merchandise include: beverages, ready to eat
These store carry a limited stock of daily use
goods with a special focus on food products
eg. In & Out petrol pump outlets.
19. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
OWNERSHIP
INDEPENDENT RETAILER
ADVANTAGES:
• Flexibility in choosing retail formats and locations
• Decision making is centralized
• Low investment cost
• Independents have independence
• Easily sustain consistency
DISADVANTAGES:
• Less bargain power with suppliers
• Cannot gain economies of scale
• Very little computerization
• Relatively high cost of advertising
• Over dependence on owner
• Limited amount of time and resources allotted to long-run planning
20. CHAIN RETAILER
ADVANTAGES:
• Bargaining power with suppliers
• Achieve cost efficiencies by being wholesales themselves
• Computerized
• Can take advantage of variety of media options
• Defined management philosophies
• Long term planning, opportunities and threats are carefully monitored
DISADVANTAGES
• Lesser flexibility
• Investments may be high
• Managerial control can be hard
• Limited independence in jobs
21. FRANCHISING
Franchising is a retail organization form in which small businesses
can benefit by being a part of a large, multiunit chain-type retail
institution .
Two types of franchising:
•Product/Trademark and Business format franchising.
Archie's/Gasoline stations McDonalds
Three structural arrangements dominate franchising:
•Manufacturer-retailer Gasoline stations/Exxon, Mobil, Ford
•Wholesaler-retailer
1.Voluntary Auto accessory store
2.Cooperatives
•Service sponsor retailer KFC, McDonalds, Holiday Inn
22. LEASED DEPARTMENT
From the stores perspective
ADVANTAGES:
•Skilled manpower to handle merchandise
•Market can be enlarged by providing one stop customer shopping
•% of revenues is received regularly
•Stock servicing, display etc is the responsibility of the licensee
DISADVANTAGES:
•Operating procedures may be conflicting
•Store’s image may get adversely affected
•Customers tend to blame the store for any pitfall
23. LEASED DEPARTMENT..CONT
For leased operator’s
ADVANTAGES:
•Immediate sales because of store’s established image
•Some costs are reduced through shared facility.
•Volume saving in print/ media ads
DISADVANTAGES:
•Inflexibility since working style may differ
•Goods/services line are restricted
•Store may raise the rent or may not renew lease
•In-store location may not generate expected sales.
24. VERTICAL MARKETING
SYSTEM
CHANNEL TYPE CANNEL FUNCTIONS OWNERSHIPS
1. Independent Manufacturing Independent
Systems Partners
2. Partially
Integrated Two channel members
Systems Wholesaling own all facilities and
perform all functions
3. Fully All functions are
Integrated performed by a single
Systems Retailing channel member
25. CONSUMER CO-OPERATIVES
Consumer co-operatives exist for three basic reasons:
•They feel that they can operate a store as well or may be better than
any other retailer
•They believe that existing retailers are inadequately fulfilling
customers need for healthful, environmentally safe products
•They assume that existing retailers make excessive profits and they
can sell merchandise for lower prices
26. CLASSIFIACATION BASED ON
MERCHANDISE OFFERED
FOOD ORIENTED RETAILERS
CONVENIENCE STORES:
It is usually a food-oriented retailer that is well located, is open for
long hours and carries a moderate number of items. This type of
retailer is small, has average to above average prices and average
services and average atmosphere.
Milk, eggs, bread, newspaper, tobacco products, soft drinks,
magazines, video rentals, etc are the major category occupants.
Store size ranges from 3000 to 8000 sq. ft.
Ex. Mom n Pop stores.
27. CONVENTIONAL SUPERMARKET
These are large, low cost, low margin, high volume, self service
retailers designed to meet the needs for food, groceries and other non-
food items.
They rely on high inventory turnover. Their profit margins are low.
The size of the store ranges from 8000 to 20000 sq. ft.
Ex. Kroger, Safeway, Foodworld, Adani supermarket, Subhiska,
Nilgiri’s, Reliance Fresh.
28. FOOD BASED SUPERSTORE
A food based superstore is a larger and more diversified
than a conventional supermarket but usually less diversified
and smaller than a combination store.
Some supermarkets merged with general merchandise store
or drug store.
They are typically 25000 to 50000 sq feet of total space.
20-25 % revenues comes from garden supplies, small
household appliances, flowers, etc.
They stimulate impulse purchases.
29. COMBINATON STORE
A combination store combines supermarket and general
merchandise sales in one facility.
25-40% revenues from general merchandise.
They are from 30000 to 100000 sq feet.
the combination of economy supermarket with discount
department store is called super center.
Examples: Wal-mart, K-mart.
30. HYPERMARKET
Also called as supercentre, this format is a blend of economy
supermarket with discount department store.
They offer both food and non-food items like grocery, clothes,
jewellery, cycles, sports items, books, CDs, furniture, etc.
This format was pioneered by Carrefour in France.
This ranges from 80,000 to 2,20,000 sq. ft.
The cheapest price will normally be found in these stores.
Across the world hypermarkets are a part of retail park with other
shops, cafeteria and restaurants.
Other facilities include photo processing shop, pharmacy shops.
They are usually located in the outskirts of major towns and cities.
Ex. SIB, Big Bazaar, Adani Hypermarket.
31. BOX STORE
This is a food based discounter that focuses on a a small
section of items, moderate working hours, few services and
limited manufacturer’s brands.
They have less than 1500 SKUs.
Items are displayed in cut cases.
Customers do their own bagging.
They aim to price at 20-30% below supermarkets.
Example: Aldi.
32. WAREHOUSE STORE
A warehouse store is a food-based discounter offering a moderate number
of food items in a no frill setting.
They appeal to one stop shoppers.
These stores concentrate on special discount purchases from manufacturer
brands. They use cut-case displays, provide little service, post prices on
shelves and are located in industrial districts.
Potential problem is lack of brand continuity.
They temporarily or permanently run out of brands.
Here customers pack their own goods.
They work on volumes and their gross margins are far lower than
supermarkets or hypermarkets.
Largest stores are called super warehouse.
Their sizes can be 15000 to 50000 square feet.
Ex. Cub Foods
33. GENERAL MERCHANDISE
RETAILERS
SPECIALITY STORE
A specialty store concentrates on selling one product/ service line
such as apparel and accessories, toys, furniture. They have a deep
assortment in their chosen category and tailor their strategy to
selective market segment.
Personal attention, store ambience and customer service are the
prime importance to the retailer.
They operate in an area which is under 8000 sq. ft.
Ex. The Gap, Mango, Levis, Wills Lifestyle, Big & Tall, Adidas,
Nike, Style Spa, Proline fitness station.
34. CATEGORY KILLERS
Also called as Power Retailer.
This is a new type of specialty retailer which offers a very large
selection of chosen category .
They stock deep and dominate the chosen category.
Ex. Planet Sports, Crossword, Nalli Sarees, Sales India, Croma, E-
planet.
35. DEPARTMENT STORE
TRADITIONAL DEPARTMENT STORE:
A traditional department store is a large retail unit with an
extensive assortment of goods and services that is organized into
separate departments for buying, promotion, customer service and
control.
They generally serve as anchor stores in malls and is usually part of
a chain.
Apparel and home furnishing are the two most common product
categories.
Size varies from 20,000 to 40,000 sq. ft.
36. DEPARTMENT STORE…
Merchandise quality is moderate to quite good. Pricing is moderate
to above average. Customer service is medium to high level.
Ex. Marks & Spencer, Sears, J.C. Penny, Westside, Globus,
Pyramid, Pantaloons, Shopper’s Stop, Lifestyle.
37. FULL-LINE DISCOUNT STORE
It conveys the image of high volume, low cost, fast turnover outlet
selling a broad merchandise for less than conventional prices.
Products are sold via self service.
Non durable goods feature from private brands and durable goods
are from well known national brands.
Less fashion sensitive merchandise are carried.
Ex. Wal-Mart.
38. DOLLAR STORE/ VARIETY
STORE
US based My Dollar Store started operation in
Mumbai through franchise arrangement with
Sankalp Retail Value.
Floor Space: 4000 Sq. Feet
Merchandise: Cleaning, Health & Beauty,
Hardware,
Plastic ware, Kitchen ware & confectionary etc.
39. OFF-PRICE CHAIN
An off-price chain features brand name, sometime designer labels
of women wear, cosmetics, accessories, footwear,etc and sell them
at every day low prices in an efficient, limited service environment.
They have centralized check-outs, no gift wrapping and charge
separately for alterations.
Ex. T.J. Maxx
40. FACTORY OUTLET
A factory outlet is a manufacturer-owned store selling manufacturer
closeouts, discontinued merchandise, irregulars, cancelled orders
and sometime in season fresh merchandise at at lower rate.
They sell merchandise at up to 60% less than MRP due to low
operating cost, low rent, limited display and cheap fixtures.
Also sell in cartons.
Ex. Levis factory outlet, Pantaloon factory outlet, etc.
41. MEMBERSHIP CLUB
A membership club is a retail format where consumers have to be
members to be able to buy merchandise at a wholesale price.
Here the members pay a certain amount of annual fee.
Their operating strategy includes inexpensive isolated locations,
opportunistic buying, little or no advertising, plain fixtures, wide
aisles, very low prices.
Ex. Sam’s and Costco
42. FLEA MARKET
A flea market has many retail vendors offering a range of products
at discount prices in plain surroundings.
They are located in non-traditional sites like stadiums,
racetracks,etc.
Here, individual retailers rent space on a daily or weekly basis.
At any flea market, price haggling are encouraged.
Ex. Rose Bowl
43. CATALOGUE SHOWROOMS
A catalogue retailer specializes in hard goods such as houseware,
jewellery, consumer electronics.
The customer walks into this retail showroom and goes through the
catalogue of the product that would like to purchase.
The product is then arranged to be bought from the warehouse for
inspection and purchase.
Ex. Argos, Service Merchandise and Best Products.
44. NON-STORE RETAILING
DIRECT MARKETING:
Is a form of retailing in which a customer is first exposed to goods
or service through a non personal medium such as direct mail,
newspaper, broadcast or television and then orders are placed by
mail, phone or computer.
There are three forms:
1. Mail order retailing/ catalogue retailing.
2. Television retailing.
3. E- tailing
45. DIRECT SELLING
Direct selling includes both personal contact with consumers in their
homes and offices and phone solicitations initiated by a retailer.
1500 crore market in India growing @ 28% p.a.
Profile of products purchased from Direct Selling: (IN %)
HOUSEHOLD GOODS 68.9
PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS 12.4
FAMILY PRODUCTS 14.4
BUSINESS AIDS 3.59
FOOD PRODUCTS 0.71
Ex. Oriflame, Amway, Avon, Herbalife, Tupperware, Eureka Forbes
Controlled by IDSA.
48. VIDEO KIOSKS
The video kiosk is a free standing, interactive, electronic computer
That displays products and related information on a video screen.
It often uses a touch screen for consumers to make selection.
Example: McDonald, Wills Lifestyle.