RESEARCH METRICS
It is the quantitative analysis of scientific and scholarly outputs and their impacts. Research Metrics measure impact and provide insight into the influence of specific journal publications, individual articles, and authors.
Impact Factor Journals as per JCR, SNIP, SJR, IPP, CiteScoreSaptarshi Ghosh
Journal-level metrics
Metrics have become a fact of life in many - if not all - fields of research and scholarship. In an age of information abundance (often termed ‘information overload’), having a shorthand for the signals for where in the ocean of published literature to focus our limited attention has become increasingly important.
Research metrics are sometimes controversial, especially when in popular usage they become proxies for multidimensional concepts such as research quality or impact. Each metric may offer a different emphasis based on its underlying data source, method of calculation, or context of use. For this reason, Elsevier promotes the responsible use of research metrics encapsulated in two “golden rules”. Those are: always use both qualitative and quantitative input for decisions (i.e. expert opinion alongside metrics), and always use more than one research metric as the quantitative input. This second rule acknowledges that performance cannot be expressed by any single metric, as well as the fact that all metrics have specific strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, using multiple complementary metrics can help to provide a more complete picture and reflect different aspects of research productivity and impact in the final assessment. ( Elsevier)
Impact Factor Journals as per JCR, SNIP, SJR, IPP, CiteScoreSaptarshi Ghosh
Journal-level metrics
Metrics have become a fact of life in many - if not all - fields of research and scholarship. In an age of information abundance (often termed ‘information overload’), having a shorthand for the signals for where in the ocean of published literature to focus our limited attention has become increasingly important.
Research metrics are sometimes controversial, especially when in popular usage they become proxies for multidimensional concepts such as research quality or impact. Each metric may offer a different emphasis based on its underlying data source, method of calculation, or context of use. For this reason, Elsevier promotes the responsible use of research metrics encapsulated in two “golden rules”. Those are: always use both qualitative and quantitative input for decisions (i.e. expert opinion alongside metrics), and always use more than one research metric as the quantitative input. This second rule acknowledges that performance cannot be expressed by any single metric, as well as the fact that all metrics have specific strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, using multiple complementary metrics can help to provide a more complete picture and reflect different aspects of research productivity and impact in the final assessment. ( Elsevier)
Defining the h index and the calculation process. Also the main advantages and limitations besides how to increasing the h index.
Dr. Hassan Najman MUHAMED
hassan.muhamed@uod.ac
The University of Duhok - Kurdistan region of Iraq
Redundant, Duplicate and Repetitive publications are the most important concerns in the scientific research/literature writing. The occurrence of redundancy affects the concepts of science/literature and carries with it sanctions of consequences. To define this issue is much challenging because of the many varieties in which one can slice, reformat, or reproduce material from an already published study. This issue also goes beyond the duplication of a single study because it might possible that the same or similar data can be published in the early, middle, and later stages of an on-going study. This may have a damaging impact on the scientific study/literature base. Similar to slicing a cake, there are so many ways of representing a study or a set of data/information. We can slice a cake into different shapes like squares, triangles, rounds, or layers. Which of these might be the best way to slice a cake? Unfortunately, this may be the wrong question. The point is that the cake that is being referred to, the data/ information set or the study/findings, should not be sliced at all. Instead, the study should be presented as a whole to the readership to ensure the integrity of science/technology because of the impact that may have on patients who will be affected by the information contained in the literature/findings. Redundant, duplicate, or repetitive publications occur when there is representation of two or more studies, data sets, or publications in either electronic or print media. The publications can overlap partially or completely, such that a similar portion, major component(s), or complete representation of a previously/simultaneous ly or future published study is duplicated.
SALAMI SLICING: The slicing of research publication that would form one meaningful paper into several different papers is known as salami publication or salami slicing. Unlike duplicate publication, which involves reporting the exact same data in two or more publications, salami slicing involves breaking up or segmenting a large study into two or more publications. These segments are called slices of a study. As a general rule, as long as the slices of a broken-up study share the same hypotheses, population, and methods, this is not acceptable in general practice. The same slice should never be published more than once at all. According to the United States Office of Research Integrity (USORI), salami slicing can result in a distortion of the literature/findings by leading unsuspecting readers to believe that data presented in each salami slice (journal article) is derived from a different subject sample/source. Somehow this practice not only skews the scientific database but it creates repetition to waste reader's time as well as the time of editors and peer reviewers, who must also handle each paper separately.
In academia, the pressure to publish is high and the competition intense. This can lead authors to follow unethical publication practices, such as salami slicing, duplicate publication, and simultaneous submission. This slide deck explains these malpractices and shares tips on how authors can avoid them.
Ethical research and publication practices are essential for honest scholarly and scientific research. Most journals today are keenly aware of this: they publish policies on these issues and expect authors to “be aware of, and comply with, best practice in publication ethics”.This article discusses two widespread and related publishing practices that are considered unethical—duplicate publication and simultaneous submission. It draws on definitive international publication ethics guidelines.
Open Access (OA) is a system provide access to knowledge resources with free of cost and other restrictions. This PPT answer to the questions what, why, types, benefits etc. and also describes the creative commons licensing, concept of predatory journals, open access journals, and Sharpa RoMeO.
Defining the h index and the calculation process. Also the main advantages and limitations besides how to increasing the h index.
Dr. Hassan Najman MUHAMED
hassan.muhamed@uod.ac
The University of Duhok - Kurdistan region of Iraq
Redundant, Duplicate and Repetitive publications are the most important concerns in the scientific research/literature writing. The occurrence of redundancy affects the concepts of science/literature and carries with it sanctions of consequences. To define this issue is much challenging because of the many varieties in which one can slice, reformat, or reproduce material from an already published study. This issue also goes beyond the duplication of a single study because it might possible that the same or similar data can be published in the early, middle, and later stages of an on-going study. This may have a damaging impact on the scientific study/literature base. Similar to slicing a cake, there are so many ways of representing a study or a set of data/information. We can slice a cake into different shapes like squares, triangles, rounds, or layers. Which of these might be the best way to slice a cake? Unfortunately, this may be the wrong question. The point is that the cake that is being referred to, the data/ information set or the study/findings, should not be sliced at all. Instead, the study should be presented as a whole to the readership to ensure the integrity of science/technology because of the impact that may have on patients who will be affected by the information contained in the literature/findings. Redundant, duplicate, or repetitive publications occur when there is representation of two or more studies, data sets, or publications in either electronic or print media. The publications can overlap partially or completely, such that a similar portion, major component(s), or complete representation of a previously/simultaneous ly or future published study is duplicated.
SALAMI SLICING: The slicing of research publication that would form one meaningful paper into several different papers is known as salami publication or salami slicing. Unlike duplicate publication, which involves reporting the exact same data in two or more publications, salami slicing involves breaking up or segmenting a large study into two or more publications. These segments are called slices of a study. As a general rule, as long as the slices of a broken-up study share the same hypotheses, population, and methods, this is not acceptable in general practice. The same slice should never be published more than once at all. According to the United States Office of Research Integrity (USORI), salami slicing can result in a distortion of the literature/findings by leading unsuspecting readers to believe that data presented in each salami slice (journal article) is derived from a different subject sample/source. Somehow this practice not only skews the scientific database but it creates repetition to waste reader's time as well as the time of editors and peer reviewers, who must also handle each paper separately.
In academia, the pressure to publish is high and the competition intense. This can lead authors to follow unethical publication practices, such as salami slicing, duplicate publication, and simultaneous submission. This slide deck explains these malpractices and shares tips on how authors can avoid them.
Ethical research and publication practices are essential for honest scholarly and scientific research. Most journals today are keenly aware of this: they publish policies on these issues and expect authors to “be aware of, and comply with, best practice in publication ethics”.This article discusses two widespread and related publishing practices that are considered unethical—duplicate publication and simultaneous submission. It draws on definitive international publication ethics guidelines.
Open Access (OA) is a system provide access to knowledge resources with free of cost and other restrictions. This PPT answer to the questions what, why, types, benefits etc. and also describes the creative commons licensing, concept of predatory journals, open access journals, and Sharpa RoMeO.
Identifying and understanding research impact:
A comprehensive suite of metrics embedded throughout Scopus is designed to help facilitate evaluation and provide a better view of your research interests. Whether you are looking for metrics at the journal, article or author level, Scopus combines its sophisticated analytical capabilities with its unbiased and broad content coverage to help you build valuable insights.
Here we look at:
Author level metrics
Journal metrics
Article level metrics
Importance of research metrics in scientific researchTutors India
Research metrics are considered as an important tool in assessing the academics papers for institutions or academic organizations. It is utilized as the form of the quality assessment tool for performing normal science research. The h-index is considered as the commonly used form of author level metric which helps to report the author’s output depending on the total publication and total citations made in research work. This study discussed the importance of research metrics and its difference with h-index in respect to academic research.
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The academic impact of research: Current and the future citation trends in de...Nader Ale Ebrahim
Writing an article for online distribution in a way that maximized the chances of citation hits, is different from preparing one for print journals in some small, but important, respects. To be cited, articles have to be visible in an electronic environment. Therefore, publishing a high quality paper in scientific journals will be a halfway of receiving citation in the future. The rest of the way is advertising and disseminating the publications by using the proper “Research Tools”. Familiarity with the tools allows the researcher to increase his/her h-index in the short time.
The number of citations has over 30% share in academic ranking. Hence, most of the scientists are looking for a method to increase their citation record. Nader developed and introduced a method for increasing the visibility and impact of the research which directly effects on the number of citations. This talk tends to introduce some of the key points for improving the citation trends in developing countries by presenting the current situation and the future trends.
Journal and author impact measures Assessing your impact (h-index and beyond)Aboul Ella Hassanien
This seminar presented at faculty of Computers Monofiya university on Saturday 12 Dec. 2015. Seminar for researchers and graduate students at Egyptian universities to increase awareness of the importance of publication and scientific research and how to increase the researchers weight, its calculation, and calculation of magazines weight and how to calculate new weights that differ from the impact of the magazines and tips for students attic studies on how to increase citation of the published research papers and How to use open access publishing. In addition discuss the Issues in the field of open access including its advantages and disadvantages
The presentation discusses about a Thesis, Research paper, Review Article & Technical Reports: Organization of thesis and reports, formatting issues, citation methods, references, effective oral presentation of research. Quality indices of research publication: impact factor, immediacy factor, H- index and other citation indices. A verbal consent of Prof. Dr. C. B. Bhatt was obtained (at 4.15pm on Dt. 26-11-2016 at Hall A-2, GTU, Chandkheda) to float the presentation online in benefits of the research scholar society.
Paradoxical betweenness in Academic endeavors and research metricsSaptarshi Ghosh
Publish or perish" is an aphorism describing the pressure to publish academic work in order to succeed in an academic career. ... The pressure to publish has been cited as a cause of poor work being submitted to academic journals.
BIOTRANSFORMATION OF NON-STEROID COMPOUNDS.pptxdrpvczback
BIOTRANSFORMATION OF NON-STEROID COMPOUNDS
BIOTRANSFORMATION
Oxidation
Reduction
Hydrolysis
Isomerization
Condensation
Formation of new carbon bond
Introduction of functional group
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Estimate the size of molecules
Agarose in AGE
Gel Loading Buffer
Nucleic Acid Stain
Factor affecting mobility of DNA
Factor affecting Resolution
Smearing
Spectrofluorometry
what cause fluorescence
Quantification
Instrumentation
Effect of Solvent, Temperature and pH
Application
Energy change of excited molecules Molecular Spectra
Fate of Excited State
LASER
Colorimeter and Spectrophotometer
Electromagnetic Radiation
EMR
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
Interaction of e.m.r. with Matter
Molecular Spectra
Spectrophotometry
Principles OF Spectrophotometry
Introduction
Types of Transcription
factors involves in different Polymerase initiation complex
Structure of transcription factor
Role of transcription factor
Significance
RNA transport
Multiple classes of RNA are exported from the nucleus
Transportation through nuclear pore complex.
Ribosomal subunits are assembled in the nucleolus and exported by exportin 1
tRNAs are exported by a dedicated exportin
Messenger RNAs are exported from the nucleus as RNA-protein complexes
Messenger RNAs are exported from the nucleus as RNA-protein complexes
hnRNPs move from sites of processing to NPCs
Precursors to microRNAs are exported from the nucleus and processed in the cytoplasm
RNA Editing
Discovery of RNA Editing in Trypanosome Mitochondria
real functional genes
RNA EDITING IN KINETOPLAST OF TRYPANOSOMES.
Guide RNA (gRNA)
Guide RNAs Direct Editing in Trypanosomes
Editing is catalyzed by a multiprotein complex
Other Systems with RNA Editing
RECOMBINATION MECHANISM
PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS
RECOMBINATION
MITOTIC AND MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION
CLASSES OF RECOMBINATION
HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION
DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK MODEL
DNA RECOMBINATION
Recombination
Breaking and rejoining of two parental DNA molecules to produce new DNA molecules
Types of recombination
Definition of recombination
Gene Conversion – Characteristics
Holliday model
Holliday junction cleavage
Protein targeting or protein sorting is the mechanism by which a cell transports proteins to the appropriate positions in the cell or outside of it.
Protein transport from ER to Golgi complex
Protein transport into Mitochondria
Transport of protein-protein translocators in mitochondrial membrane
Membrane protein of mitochondria
Component required for protein transport
Protein synthesis and processing: Ribosome, formation of initiation complex, initiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors, termination, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, and translational proof-reading, translational inhibitors, Post Translational modification of proteins. Protein targeting.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDINES
SALVAGE PATHWAY
DE NOVO PATHWAY
SYNTHESIS OF OTHER PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES
IMPORTANCE
Essential building blocks of nucleic acids
Biologically very important heterocycles
Used in anti-biotics, used as anti-bacterial and anti-fungal also
Derivatives of pyrimidine also possess good anti-viral properties
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
1. RESEARCH METRICS:
It is the quantitative analysis of scientific
and scholarly outputs and their impacts.
Research Metrics measure impact and
provide insight into the influence of
specific journal publications, individual
articles, and authors.
Research Metrics involve:
Journal Impact Factor
h-index
i10-index
2. h-INDEX
The definition of the index is that a
scholar with an index of h has
published h papers each of which has
been cited in other papers at
least h times.
CHARACTERISTICS:
The h-index reflects both the number of
publications and the number of citations per
publication.
The index is designed to improve upon simpler
measures such as the total number of citations
or publications.
The index works properly only for comparing
scientists working in the same field.
3. ADVANTAGES:
The h-index was intended to address the main
disadvantages of other bibliometric indicators,
such as total number of papers or total number
of citations.
It simultaneously measures the quality and
sustainability of scientific output, as well as, to
some extent, the diversity of scientific research.
DISADVANTAGES :
Like impact factors it depends on subject area.
It does not show the current activity or inactivity
of the author.
Disadvantageous for younger researchers.
Scientists with short scientific life are out of
competition.
4. i10-INDEX
The i10-index indicates the number of
academic publications an author has
written that have at least ten citations
from others.
It was introduced in July 2011
by Google as part of their work
on Google Scholar.
CHARACTERISTICS:
i10-index= the number of publications with at
least 10 citations
It is another way to help gauge the
productivity of a scholar.
It is used in Google's My Citations feature.
5. ADVANTAGES:
It is very simple and straightforward to
calculate.
My Citations in Google Scholar is free
and easy to use.
DISADVANTAGES:
It is used only in Google Scholar.
Its pan-national recognition is not as
high as h-index.
Conclusion:
h-index and i10-index are very helpful in quantitative
analysis of research work done by different
scientists in the same field and also help in
comparing the work of different scientists or author.