Redundant, Duplicate and Repetitive publications are the most important concerns in the scientific research/literature writing. The occurrence of redundancy affects the concepts of science/literature and carries with it sanctions of consequences. To define this issue is much challenging because of the many varieties in which one can slice, reformat, or reproduce material from an already published study. This issue also goes beyond the duplication of a single study because it might possible that the same or similar data can be published in the early, middle, and later stages of an on-going study. This may have a damaging impact on the scientific study/literature base. Similar to slicing a cake, there are so many ways of representing a study or a set of data/information. We can slice a cake into different shapes like squares, triangles, rounds, or layers. Which of these might be the best way to slice a cake? Unfortunately, this may be the wrong question. The point is that the cake that is being referred to, the data/ information set or the study/findings, should not be sliced at all. Instead, the study should be presented as a whole to the readership to ensure the integrity of science/technology because of the impact that may have on patients who will be affected by the information contained in the literature/findings. Redundant, duplicate, or repetitive publications occur when there is representation of two or more studies, data sets, or publications in either electronic or print media. The publications can overlap partially or completely, such that a similar portion, major component(s), or complete representation of a previously/simultaneous ly or future published study is duplicated.
SALAMI SLICING: The slicing of research publication that would form one meaningful paper into several different papers is known as salami publication or salami slicing. Unlike duplicate publication, which involves reporting the exact same data in two or more publications, salami slicing involves breaking up or segmenting a large study into two or more publications. These segments are called slices of a study. As a general rule, as long as the slices of a broken-up study share the same hypotheses, population, and methods, this is not acceptable in general practice. The same slice should never be published more than once at all. According to the United States Office of Research Integrity (USORI), salami slicing can result in a distortion of the literature/findings by leading unsuspecting readers to believe that data presented in each salami slice (journal article) is derived from a different subject sample/source. Somehow this practice not only skews the scientific database but it creates repetition to waste reader's time as well as the time of editors and peer reviewers, who must also handle each paper separately.
Selective Reporting and Misrepresentation of DataSaptarshi Ghosh
Research integrity means conducting research according to the highest professional and ethical standards, so that the results are trustworthy.
It concerns the behavior of researchers at all stages of the research life-cycle, including declaring competing interests; data collection and data management; using appropriate methodology; drawing conclusions from results; and writing up research findings.
Ethics in medical sciences research may not always translate into ethical publications.
Ethical violations in conducting medical research always promote unethical scientific publications.
Published research influences other researchers and establishes credibility for individual or journal.
I explain plainly what is salami silcing, a practice of fragmenting single research into as many publications as possible. Salami publishing and hazards
In academia, the pressure to publish is high and the competition intense. This can lead authors to follow unethical publication practices, such as salami slicing, duplicate publication, and simultaneous submission. This slide deck explains these malpractices and shares tips on how authors can avoid them.
Selective Reporting and Misrepresentation of DataSaptarshi Ghosh
Research integrity means conducting research according to the highest professional and ethical standards, so that the results are trustworthy.
It concerns the behavior of researchers at all stages of the research life-cycle, including declaring competing interests; data collection and data management; using appropriate methodology; drawing conclusions from results; and writing up research findings.
Ethics in medical sciences research may not always translate into ethical publications.
Ethical violations in conducting medical research always promote unethical scientific publications.
Published research influences other researchers and establishes credibility for individual or journal.
I explain plainly what is salami silcing, a practice of fragmenting single research into as many publications as possible. Salami publishing and hazards
In academia, the pressure to publish is high and the competition intense. This can lead authors to follow unethical publication practices, such as salami slicing, duplicate publication, and simultaneous submission. This slide deck explains these malpractices and shares tips on how authors can avoid them.
Ethical research and publication practices are essential for honest scholarly and scientific research. Most journals today are keenly aware of this: they publish policies on these issues and expect authors to “be aware of, and comply with, best practice in publication ethics”.This article discusses two widespread and related publishing practices that are considered unethical—duplicate publication and simultaneous submission. It draws on definitive international publication ethics guidelines.
Predatory Publications and Software Tools for IdentificationSaptarshi Ghosh
Journals that publish work without proper peer review and which charge scholars sometimes huge fees to submit should not be allowed to share space with legitimate journals and publishers, whether open access or not. These journals and publishers cheapen intellectual work by misleading scholars, preying particularly early career researchers trying to gain an edge. The credibility of scholars duped into publishing in these journals can be seriously damaged by doing so. It is important that as a scholarly community we help to protect each other from being taken advantage of in this way.
Open Access (OA) is a system provide access to knowledge resources with free of cost and other restrictions. This PPT answer to the questions what, why, types, benefits etc. and also describes the creative commons licensing, concept of predatory journals, open access journals, and Sharpa RoMeO.
Impact Factor Journals as per JCR, SNIP, SJR, IPP, CiteScoreSaptarshi Ghosh
Journal-level metrics
Metrics have become a fact of life in many - if not all - fields of research and scholarship. In an age of information abundance (often termed ‘information overload’), having a shorthand for the signals for where in the ocean of published literature to focus our limited attention has become increasingly important.
Research metrics are sometimes controversial, especially when in popular usage they become proxies for multidimensional concepts such as research quality or impact. Each metric may offer a different emphasis based on its underlying data source, method of calculation, or context of use. For this reason, Elsevier promotes the responsible use of research metrics encapsulated in two “golden rules”. Those are: always use both qualitative and quantitative input for decisions (i.e. expert opinion alongside metrics), and always use more than one research metric as the quantitative input. This second rule acknowledges that performance cannot be expressed by any single metric, as well as the fact that all metrics have specific strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, using multiple complementary metrics can help to provide a more complete picture and reflect different aspects of research productivity and impact in the final assessment. ( Elsevier)
CONTENTS :
INTRODUCTION
TRANSPARENCY
PROMOTING RESEARCH INTEGRITY
EDITORIAL STANDARDS AND PROCESSES
RESPONSIBLE PUBLICATION PRACTICES
OWNERSHIP OF IDEAS AND EXPRESSION
Daniel Feerst - What is Ethical Publishing and unethical PublishingDaniel Feerst
Daniel Feerst is a respected consultant with Thirty-five years of experience involving alcohol and drug education, addiction treatment and employee assistance professional work.
Ethical research and publication practices are essential for honest scholarly and scientific research. Most journals today are keenly aware of this: they publish policies on these issues and expect authors to “be aware of, and comply with, best practice in publication ethics”.This article discusses two widespread and related publishing practices that are considered unethical—duplicate publication and simultaneous submission. It draws on definitive international publication ethics guidelines.
Predatory Publications and Software Tools for IdentificationSaptarshi Ghosh
Journals that publish work without proper peer review and which charge scholars sometimes huge fees to submit should not be allowed to share space with legitimate journals and publishers, whether open access or not. These journals and publishers cheapen intellectual work by misleading scholars, preying particularly early career researchers trying to gain an edge. The credibility of scholars duped into publishing in these journals can be seriously damaged by doing so. It is important that as a scholarly community we help to protect each other from being taken advantage of in this way.
Open Access (OA) is a system provide access to knowledge resources with free of cost and other restrictions. This PPT answer to the questions what, why, types, benefits etc. and also describes the creative commons licensing, concept of predatory journals, open access journals, and Sharpa RoMeO.
Impact Factor Journals as per JCR, SNIP, SJR, IPP, CiteScoreSaptarshi Ghosh
Journal-level metrics
Metrics have become a fact of life in many - if not all - fields of research and scholarship. In an age of information abundance (often termed ‘information overload’), having a shorthand for the signals for where in the ocean of published literature to focus our limited attention has become increasingly important.
Research metrics are sometimes controversial, especially when in popular usage they become proxies for multidimensional concepts such as research quality or impact. Each metric may offer a different emphasis based on its underlying data source, method of calculation, or context of use. For this reason, Elsevier promotes the responsible use of research metrics encapsulated in two “golden rules”. Those are: always use both qualitative and quantitative input for decisions (i.e. expert opinion alongside metrics), and always use more than one research metric as the quantitative input. This second rule acknowledges that performance cannot be expressed by any single metric, as well as the fact that all metrics have specific strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, using multiple complementary metrics can help to provide a more complete picture and reflect different aspects of research productivity and impact in the final assessment. ( Elsevier)
CONTENTS :
INTRODUCTION
TRANSPARENCY
PROMOTING RESEARCH INTEGRITY
EDITORIAL STANDARDS AND PROCESSES
RESPONSIBLE PUBLICATION PRACTICES
OWNERSHIP OF IDEAS AND EXPRESSION
Daniel Feerst - What is Ethical Publishing and unethical PublishingDaniel Feerst
Daniel Feerst is a respected consultant with Thirty-five years of experience involving alcohol and drug education, addiction treatment and employee assistance professional work.
Publication bias refers to a phenomenon in scientific reporting whereby authors are more likely to submit and journal editors are more likely to publish studies with “positive” results (i.e. results showing a significant finding) than studies with “negative” (i.e. supporting the null hypothesis) or unsupportive results.
Due to such a bias, important—albeit negative—results (e.g., a study showing that a new treatment is ineffective) may never reach the larger scientific community.
A lecture on how to do a literature review. Covers what a literature is, journal hierachies, H index, I index, types of lit review - narrative, meta and systematic, search startegies, forest, filtering literature, using databases to search and making a search string
Writing Great Research Papers is Possible Asem Khmaj
The aim of this Presentation is to identify and examine the components essential to planning and executing research writing papers and assignments.
At the end of this presentation, YOU will be able to :
1. Identify and conceptualize the essential steps in the research paper writing process;
2. Access valuable campus resources to help at various stages of the writing process;
3. Use time management strategies to plan for the successful and timely completion of a research paper.
What is salami slicing?
It refers to the practice of partitioning a large study that could have been reported in a single research article into smaller published articles.
In other words, it means breaking up a single research paper into their “least publishable units,” with each paper reporting different findings from the same study.
A set of papers are referred to as salami publications when more than one paper covers the same population, methods, and research question.
How to publish in an isi journal حنان القرشيvdsr_ksu
محاضرة How to publish in an ISI Journal إعداد الدكتورة حنان عبدالله القرشي
ضمن سلسلة محاضرات البحث العلمي لعام 1437هـ.
وكالة عمادة البحث العلمي للأقسام النسائية، جامعة الملك سعود.
Enhancing Reading and Writing Proficiency in Young Learners Key Strategies an...sheelu57
In this presentation, we will explore key strategies and steps to enhance reading and writing proficiency in young learners. We will discuss effective methods to cultivate a love for literacy and improve language skills.
Early exposure to reading and writing lays the foundation for academic success and critical thinking. It fosters communication skills and encourages imagination and creativity in young learners.
An In-Depth Analysis A Comprehensive Overview of the National Education Polic...sheelu57
The National Education Policy 2020 is a comprehensive framework that aims to revolutionize the Indian education system. It addresses the need for holistic and multidisciplinary education, emphasizing flexibility and creativity. The policy also focuses on equitable access to education and aims to transform India into a global knowledge superpower.
The policy emphasizes early childhood care and education, a 5+3+3+4 curricular and pedagogical structure, multilingualism, and a focus on foundational literacy and numeracy. It also promotes critical thinking and holistic development through a flexible and multidisciplinary approach.
The Enchanting Symphony Exploring the Essence and Exquisite Forms of Poetry.pdfsheelu57
Welcome to The Enchanting Symphony: Exploring the Essence and Exquisite Forms of Poetry. Join us in a journey through the magical world of poetry, where words dance and emotions sing in harmony.
Versification is the rhythmic arrangement of words in poetry, creating a melodious flow. It encompasses various forms such as sonnets, haikus, and free verse, each with its unique charm.
The term “sustainable development” first came to prominence in the world Conservation Strategy (WCS) in 1980.
It achieved a new status with the publication of two significant reports by Brundtalnd on: North and South: a programme for survival and common crisis (1985) and
Our Common Future (1983) and has gained even greater attention since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Jenerio in June 1992.
Vikram Seth, a renowned Indian author, poet, and travel writer, was born in 1952. He gained international acclaim with his epic novel 'A Suitable Boy'. Seth's writing style is characterized by his attention to detail and his ability to capture the essence of diverse cultures. 'Kathmandu' is one of his lesser-known works, but it showcases his mastery of storytelling and his exploration of complex human emotions.
An in-depth analysis of Vikram Seth's 'Kathmandu', exploring its multifaceted dimensions. This presentation critically examines the novel's themes, characters, and narrative structure, shedding light on its cultural and social significance. Through a formal lens, we delve into the complexities of Seth's work, aiming to uncover the hidden layers that make 'Kathmandu' a literary masterpiece.
Set in the vibrant city of Kathmandu, the novel follows the lives of three interconnected characters: Vijay, Nath, and Rasika. Through their personal journeys, Seth explores themes of love, loss, identity, and spirituality. The narrative weaves together their experiences, providing a nuanced portrayal of the city's cultural tapestry and the characters' inner struggles.
In this presentation, we will critically analyze Douglas James' work 'If I Were You'. We will explore the themes, symbolism, and narrative techniques used in the novel, shedding light on the author's unique writing style. Through this study, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of James' literary contributions and their significance in contemporary literature.
Douglas James, a renowned contemporary author, is known for his thought-provoking and introspective works. His writing often explores complex human emotions and the intricacies of interpersonal relationships. 'If I Were You' is one of his notable novels, published in 2015, which showcases his mastery of storytelling and character development.
Welcome to the Comprehensive Exploration of Clauses presentation. This presentation will provide a detailed understanding of clauses, including their definitions, types, and exemplification. By the end, you will have a solid grasp of this fundamental grammatical concept.
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. It can function as a complete sentence or as a part of a sentence. Clauses are essential in conveying meaning and establishing relationships between different parts of a sentence.
Welcome to the presentation on An In-depth Analysis of Reported Speech: Comprehensive Examples and Guidelines. This presentation aims to provide a formal understanding of reported speech, including its definition, usage, and guidelines. We will explore various examples to illustrate the concept and delve into the intricacies of this important linguistic phenomenon.
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way of conveying someone else's words or thoughts. It involves reporting what someone said, using verb tense changes and pronoun changes. The reported speech is typically introduced by reporting verbs such as 'said', 'told', or 'asked'. Understanding the rules and guidelines of reported speech is crucial for effective communication and accurate representation of others' statements.
Welcome to the world of clauses! Discover the power they hold in shaping our language. Get ready to explore captivating examples that will unlock the secrets of effective communication. Join us on this creative journey as we delve into the art of clauses.
Welcome to the world of clauses! Discover the power they hold in shaping our language. Get ready to explore captivating examples that will unlock the secrets of effective communication. Join us on this creative journey as we delve into the art of clauses.
Clauses are building blocks of sentences. They contain a subject and a verb, expressing a complete thought. Dive deeper into this concept and understand the different types of clauses: dependent and independent. Unleash the potential of clauses to add depth and complexity to your writing.
In this presentation, we will explore the techniques and strategies to create compelling advertisements that engage and resonate with your target audience. Learn how to use emotional appeal, storytelling, and call-to-action effectively.
To captivate your audience, it is crucial to understand their needs and demographics. Conduct market research, analyze customer data, and create buyer personas. Tailor your advertisements to speak directly to their desires and solve their problems. By doing so, you'll create a strong connection and increase the chances of conversion.
In this presentation, we'll explore the hilarious misadventures of Gieve Patel's 'On Killing a Tree'. This poem may seem dark, but we're going to find the humor in it.
The poem describes the process of killing a tree. From hacking at its roots to slathering it with poison, the tree's demise is both gruesome and absurd. But don't worry, no actual trees were harmed in the making of this presentation!
So what can we learn from 'On Killing a Tree'? First, that laughter is the best medicine. Second, that nature is powerful and should be respected. And third, that poetry can be both funny and meaningful.
The poem highlights the fact that all human beings are essentially the same, regardless of their nationality or ethnicity. Through this presentation, I will delve deeper into this theme and explore its relevance in today's world.
James Kirkup's poem 'No Men Are Foreign' is a powerful statement about the universality of humanity. The poem emphasizes the fact that all human beings are connected by a common bond, and that we must learn to respect and appreciate each other, regardless of our differences. The poem is a call to action, urging us to embrace diversity and work together to build a better world.
A Legend of the Northland is a captivating poem written by Phoebe Cary in 1857. The poem tells the story of Hiawatha, a brave warrior, and his journey to find love. Along the way, he faces many challenges and meets mystical creatures. This presentation will explore the enchanting tale of Hiawatha and his adventures in the Northland.
A Legend of the Northland is a beautiful and enchanting poem that tells the story of Hiawatha's journey to find love. Through his adventures, Hiawatha learns important life lessons and meets many memorable characters. The poem's themes of nature, love, and respect make it a timeless classic that continues to captivate readers today.
The Lake Isle of Innisfree is a poem by W.B. Yeats, written in 1888. It is one of Yeats' most famous works and is known for its vivid imagery and themes of nature and escape.
The Lake Isle of Innisfree is a powerful meditation on the themes of escape, nature, and solitude. Yeats' poem reminds us of the importance of finding solace in the natural world and the power of imagination to transport us to another world.
Welcome to the world of Coates Kinney's 'Rain on the Roof'. This poem is a masterpiece that captures the essence of the beauty of rain. In this presentation, we will explore the poetic beauty of this masterpiece and how it has inspired generations.
Coates Kinney was inspired to write 'Rain on the Roof' after hearing the sound of raindrops on the roof of his house. The poem is a reflection of his love for nature and how it can inspire us to create beautiful art. Kinney's use of imagery and metaphors in the poem is a testament to his creative genius.
Welcome to Uttarakhand - a land of natural beauty, diverse cultures, and unique traditions. Join us on a journey through the geography, diversity, education, and uniqueness of this beautiful state.
Nestled in the pristine lap of the Himalayas, Uttarakhand, often referred to as the "Devbhumi" or "Land of the Gods," is a testament to the breathtaking natural beauty, cultural richness, and the remarkable unity that characterize this northern Indian state. Uttarakhand's diverse landscapes, myriad ethnicities, religions, and languages, as well as its unwavering sense of unity, collectively form a vibrant tapestry that is as fascinating as it is inspiring.
Delving into the linguistic mosaic, we will uncover the nuances of languages like Garhwali, Kumaoni, and Hindi that resonate across the state. Yet, despite this incredible diversity, Uttarakhand remains a remarkable example of unity in its people's strong sense of community and shared identity.
Protocol writing refers to the process of creating a document that outlines the guidelines, procedures, and instructions for a specific activity, event, or situation. Protocols are commonly used in various fields such as science, medicine, diplomacy, and event management to ensure consistency, clarity, and effective communication.
When writing a protocol, the following elements are typically included:
Purpose: Clearly state the objective or purpose of the protocol.
Scope: Define the boundaries and limitations of the protocol, specifying what it covers and what it does not cover.
Background: Provide relevant background information and context for the activity or event.
Roles and Responsibilities: Clearly outline the roles and responsibilities of the individuals or parties involved.
Procedures: Detail the step-by-step procedures to be followed, including specific instructions, actions, and timelines. This ensures consistency and minimizes confusion.
Safety Considerations: If applicable, include safety guidelines and protocols to ensure the well-being of participants or individuals involved.
Communication: Specify the preferred communication channels, methods, and protocols for effective coordination and information sharing.
Documentation: Identify the necessary documents, forms, or records that need to be completed or maintained.
Contingency Plans: Anticipate potential challenges or risks and outline contingency plans or alternative actions to address them.
Evaluation: Include guidelines for evaluating the success of the activity or event, such as feedback collection or performance metrics.
References: Provide references to any relevant resources, regulations, or standards that are applicable to the activity or event.
Protocol writing requires clarity, precision, and attention to detail. The document should be concise, well-organized, and easily understandable by the intended audience. It should also be reviewed, revised, and updated as needed to ensure its accuracy and relevance.
Overall, protocol writing aims to establish a standard set of guidelines and procedures to ensure consistency, promote efficiency, and mitigate risks in various activities or events.
It may be very important to realize that there is a wide spectrum of severity of research misconduct. On lesser level/scale are practices such an intentionally failing to cite the work of competitors, and citing our own work more frequently than necessary. Similarly, changing the white threshold of an image to clean up the background must not be done, because it alters the original data, but it is treated a mild sin in academics and research. On the other end of the scale is generation of data by just making up numbers, or generating false images by duplicating/altering/re-labeling other one's fabricated literature/research/findings While determining the severity of the misconduct, or whether it is misconduct at all, it is important to determine the degree of intent, although this is not always easy for all. Most of the figures in the research papers are comprised of many similar looking parts, whether they might be photomicrographs, gels and blots. Flow cytometer plots, or traces from a patch-clamp amplifier. It can therefore possible for someone to inadvertently grab the same image file twice, leading to a duplicated and wrongly labeled part of a figure. On the other hand, if many duplications are found in the figures in a particular literature/paper, and they also involve rotations, differential cropping, or mirror images, and if similar anomalies are also apparent in other works by the same authors, deliberate falsification or fabrication is much more likely.
With lots of pressures to publish the research/findings, and the availability of image processing software, the temptation to cut corners and artificially generate the desired result has never been greater work. Thousands of examples can be found in records on the post-publication peer review site PubPeer <https://pubpeer.com. However, although sites such as this can alert readers to concerns about research papers, and can provide very strong evidence. They don't provide proof of intent, or reveal which of the authors on multi-author papers bears responsibility. For this activity, action is required to be taken either by the authors themselves or through the establishment of an inquiry by their institution/university/organization. For the last couple of years or so, most of the research journals have explicitly stated in their guidelines to authors what kinds of image manipulation are acceptable, and which are not at all.
Fostering & Promoting Integrity in Research.pptxsheelu57
Most of the research organizations rely on a variety of methods for promoting integrity in the research. They establish organizational components to comply with regulations imposed by an external environment. They offer educational programs to teach the elements of the responsible conduct of research and they implement policies and procedures that delineate the normative practices of responsible research and establish criteria for rewards and recognition; and they develop processes to evaluate and enforce institutional behaviour. To establish a basis for organizational learning and continuous quality improvement, organizations should simultaneously implement processes for evaluating their efforts to foster responsible conduct of research.
Education in the responsible conduct of research should be no less integral to the education of a researcher. Educational abilities are complex combinations of motivations, dispositions, attitudes, values, knowledge of concepts and procedures, skills, strategies and behaviours. These combinations are dynamic and interactive, and they can be acquired and developed through both education and experience. When National Academy of Science committee advocates the promotion of integrity in the institutional research environment, it is advocating the creation of a climate in the institution, the department, and the research group that promotes integrity in research.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. Redundant, Duplicate and Repetitive publications are the most
important concerns in the scientific research/literature writing.
The occurrence of redundancy affects the concepts of
science/literature and carries with it sanctions of consequences.
Redundant, duplicate, or repetitive publications occur when there
is representation of two or more studies, data sets, or
publications in either electronic or print media. The publications
can overlap partially or completely, such that a similar portion,
major component(s), or complete representation of a
previously/simultaneously or future published study is duplicated.
OVERVIEW
3. The following problems can cause while duplicate/redundant
publication:
• Deception and Ethical Issues:
✓ Skews the evidence base because readers may assume that they
are reading two different readings/studies/findings.
✓ Misleads the readers that the article contains original/updated
information/research.
✓ Derangement of the reputation of that publication/journal.
✓ Distorts the purpose of publication/journal as being presenter
of some new information/findings.
✔ Infringes the international copyright law.
PROBLEMS CAUSED BY REDUNDANT
PUBLICATION
4. ✓ Waste time and the resources of journals/publications, editors,
reviewers, readers, libraries and e-database.
✔Needless expansion of the body of published
literature/findings.
✓ Wastage of journal/publication space and to create confusion
among the gentle readers/ scholars.
✓ Wastage of paper and other writing resources.
✓ Wastage of readers time and resources to find, read and
retaining the already published material when they could use that
time to read new and updated research materials.
WASTAGE OF RESOURCES
5. ✓ Overemphasizes significance of content/finding through
repetitive publication.
✔Distorts findings and confounds scientific communication by
dividing rather than combining closely related data from a single
group.
✔ Interferes with meta-analysis by experimental numbers.
IMPACT ON LITERATURE BASE
AND FUTURE RESEARCH
6. Situations when duplicate publication may be acceptable are:
✓ Brief abstracts in conference proceedings;
✔News media reports;
✓ Reports distributed to narrow audiences;
✓ Communication in two different languages with clear cross-references to
reach a larger audience;
✓ Reaching different audiences or end users;
✓ Too large studies to publish in a single phase/article;
✓ Two competing submissions by co-workers disagree with the analysis and
interpretation of the same study/findings;
✓ Editors of different journals simultaneously or jointly publishing an article
in agreement with doing so in general public interest;
✓ Manuscripts from different groups of authors who have analyzed the same
data.
ACCEPTABILITY AND
CONSEQUENCES OF REDUNDANCY
7. • Prevention may be considered as the best approach to duplicate/redundant
publication. Both the editor and the author can take combined steps
toward preventing this from becoming an issue/curse.
• First, the author must read carefully in detail the instructions for authors
of the journal to which the manuscript is being submitted.
• The author should contact the editor personally to ask for any necessary
clarification regarding any confusion.
• Authors must be cautious to report information about their study to the
media sources, funding agencies, government agencies, or others who
disseminate information before the publication of their study.
• Peer reviewers should notify the editor if duplicate publication is supposed
during the review process.
• After publication, readers are encouraged to notify the editor if there is
suspicion of duplicate publication.
• Editors should ensure that their journal's policy on duplicate publication is
clearly stated and easy to follow.
HOW TO PREVENT REDUNDANCY?
8. • The slicing of research publication that would form one meaningful paper
into several different papers is known as salami publication or salami
slicing. Unlike duplicate publication, salami slicing involves breaking up or
segmenting a large study into two or more publications. These segments
are called slices of a study. The same slice should never be published more
than once at all.
• According to the United States Office of Research Integrity (USORI),
salami slicing can result in a distortion of the literature/findings by leading
unsuspecting readers to believe that data presented in each salami slice
(journal article) is derived from a different subject sample/source.
• Publishing small slices of research in several different papers is salami
publication or salami slicing. It can be considered unethical because salami
slicing can result in a distortion of the literature by leading unsuspecting
readers to believe that data presented in each slice is derived from a
different subject sample.
SALAMI SLICING
9. The following corrective measures can be taken in this situation:
✓ Avoid inappropriately breaking up data from a single study into
two or more papers.
✓ When submitting a paper, be transparent.
✓ Send copies of any manuscripts closely related to the
manuscript under consideration.
✓ Be careful because this may include any manuscripts published,
recently submitted, or already accepted.
MEASURES TO CONTROL SALAMI
SLICING
