This document discusses publication ethics and outlines guidelines for ethical publishing. It begins by defining publication and the key parties involved - authors, editors, peer reviewers, and publishers. Authors should contribute significantly to the work and properly attribute contributions from others. Unethical practices include guest and gift authorships, plagiarism, and research fraud through fabrication or falsification of data. Conflicts of interest should be disclosed. Predatory journals are identified as having questionable standards and practices aimed at profit rather than quality. UGC works to identify and remove predatory journals from their listings to help researchers identify legitimate publication options. Overall the document provides guidance on ethical authorship, reviewing, editing and publishing of research.

1. PUBLICATION ETHICS
Dr. Anil Sharma,
PhD(N)
Principal, Manikaka
Topawala Institute of
Nursing-CHARUSAT-
Gujarat
Accredited Grade “A” with
NAAC
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2. Flow of Presentation
 To understand meaning of publication ethics
 To know why to follow ethical way of
publication
 To sensitize about publication misconduct
 To realize meaning and ways of violation of
publication ethics
 To evaluate Predatory journals
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3. Publication Ethics
 Publication is the most common contemporary form of
research outcome dissemination.
 Researcher (s) remain owner of published work.
 Researcher published in form of
 Article,
 Book or Book chapters,
 Conference proceeding or
 Pre-print archives.
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4. o Following members involved in publications:
o Authors,
o Journal editors,
o Peer reviewers, and
o Publishers
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Certain Ethical Practice Has To Follow By All Members
Involved In Publication Process
9th August 2019, UGC Made It A Compulsory Course In PhD

5. Why To Follow Ethical Publication
 Protecting life of human being: Ethically published work
become a sound base of knowledge.
 Help in adequate rationalization- Accelerate scientific
progress.
 Show ethical path to followers
 Help in image building of researcher
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6. Points to Remember for Publication
 Authorship and Contributors
 Conflict of interest
 Publication misconduct:
 Plagiarism
 Research fraud:
Fabrication
Falsification
 Salami Slicing
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7. Authorship and Contributors
 Authors and Contributors: authorship entails
responsibility and accountability for the published work.
 COPE suggested as an author who should contribute as
one of following way:
 Significant contributions to conception and/or design
of the work.
 Acquisition, analysis, and/or interpretation of data
generated/ collected during the work
 Drafting/editing the work or revising it critically and
thus contributing important intellectual content.
7COPE: Committee on Publication Ethics

8.  In case of multi-author paper:
 Collectively take the decision about all aspects of
work
 Integrity and accuracy of work has to be resolved.
 Final approved version to be published;
 Each author should be able to identify which co-
authors are responsible for which specific part of
the work.
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9. Who Are Not Entitled As Author Or Co-author:
 Those who provided only assistance in
 Writing,
 Technical editing,
 Language editing,
 Proofreading
who helped in
 Procurement of funding,
 General supervision of a research group or
 General administrative support.
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10. Unethical Authorship
 Guest authorship: With someone’s name, chances of
paper acceptance may increased.
 Honorary or Gift Authorship: Authorship given as gift
or as honour
 Ghost Authorship: You can acknowledged them but not
as author
 Anonymous Authorship: Not real name of author or
improper scientific article
 Surrogate Authorship: Manuscript written by someone
else without original data and published.
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11. Ethical Conventions of Publications
o Multiple Submissions: Its unethical and illegal to submit
the report of a study to more than one journal at the same
time
o Multiple Publications: it is unethical that Similar paper
publishing with just changing the language of paper.
o Suggesting Potential Reviewers: Unethical to follow
friendship and fictitious reviewers for personal gaining.
o Error Correction in a Published Paper: Honest enough
to admit it if arise.
o Withdrawal or Retraction of a Published Paper if found
plagiarized or misconduct or false data reflected
o Few institutions differentiate between journals published
within and outside their country. Such distinction is
unethical
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12. Conflict of Interest
Transparency and objectivity are essential in research
 When investigator, author, reviewer of editor has
some personal interest (Monetary or something
else)
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13. Publication Misconduct:
Plagiarism:
when one author intentionally uses another's work
without permission, credit, or acknowledgment.
 Plagiarism generally found in following forms:
 Data
 Words and Phrases
 Ideas and Concepts
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Core Idea To Avoid Plagiarism
Understand the meaning of original paper and cite it
with fully acknowledgement

14. Research Fraud:
Outcome of data manipulation
 Fabrication. Making up research data and
results, and recording or reporting them.
 Falsification. Manipulating research materials,
images, data, equipment, or processes.
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Ways to come out from this fraud
• Always keep record of data (Never change or temper data)
• Keep record in an accessible manner (If editor wish to
have look)
• Keep clarity about publisher’s policy.
• If any image changed for better clarity then has to accept
it in declaration before submitting for publication.

15. Salami Slicing or Salami Publication:
Converting one meaningful paper into several different
papers from the same study
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Ways to come out from this fraud
• Avoid inappropriately breaking up data from a single
study
• Be transparent while submitting paper for
publication

16. Predatory Journals
 A librarian Jeffrey Beall at University of Colorado in
Denver, emerged this term
Predatory Journals or Fake Journals
These have different objectives to work such as:
 Publishing to make Money
 No concern with Quality content
 Unable to follow accepted standards
 Fake advertisement or false claiming about indexing
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17. How To Know About Fake Journal
 Unstructured web page with lot of errors
 Advertisement to attract authors
 Index Copernicus Value is promoted on the website
 Prompt publication promised
 No retraction policy
 Policy lacking such as about open access, paper
security on digital platform
 Asking manuscript handling charges (Sometime even
very low amount to attract number of authors)
Source: Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Maduekwe, O., Turner, L., Barbour, V., Burch, R., Clark, J., … Shea,
B.J. (2017). Potential predatory and legitimate biomedical journals: Can you tell the difference? A
cross-sectional comparison. BMC Medicine, 15(28). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0785-9 17

18. UGC stand on Predatory Journals
Based on received complains- UGC constituted a
standing committee
Removed 4305 Journals from UGC List
Directories for Finding Right Journals
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19. To get to know, to discover, to
publish—this is the destiny of
a scientist
François Arago
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20. Reference:
On request basis at
Anilsharma.nur@charusat.ac.in
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21. Thank You
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